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　　BEIJING, July 23 (Xinhua)-On the 22nd, local time, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Valensky once again issued an urgent appeal to the current epidemic in the United States, warning that the United States has not completely escaped from the epidemic. On the other hand, the spread of "super fungi" in the United States has caused three deaths.

　　Delta variant virus is rampant

　　America’s fight against epidemic meets "critical moment"

　　On the 22nd local time, CDC director Valensky said that Delta variant virus is one of the most infectious respiratory viruses that scientists have ever seen.

　　She stressed that the Delta strain is more aggressive and contagious than the previous (COVID-19) strain. "This is one of the most infectious respiratory viruses that we know at present and that I have seen since I was in business for 20 years."

　　Delta variant virus is currently spreading rapidly in the United States. As of this week, 83% of the sequenced cases have been infected with this variant virus; At the beginning of July, this figure was only 50%.

　　Valensky also warned about the epidemic in the United States on the same day. She said that Delta variant virus is spreading widely in areas with low vaccination rate, which is another "critical moment" for the United States to fight the epidemic.

　　Valensky implored those who had not been vaccinated to "take the Delta variant seriously". She stressed, "This virus will not give up automatically. It will constantly search for vulnerable people and infect them. Please consider vaccination and pay attention to epidemic prevention before. "

　　The New York Times pointed out that this is in sharp contrast to the attitude of the White House a few weeks ago. During Independence Day, US President Biden held a grand party on the South Lawn of the White House, announcing that the United States was "independent from the epidemic".

　　According to the report, Valensky’s latest statement shows that officials are increasingly worried that the achievements already made are being lost, and the current surge in cases may overwhelm local health systems with low vaccine penetration rate and high hospitalization rate.

　　There is a "super fungus" spread in the United States.

　　Three people have died and there is no cure.

　　On the other hand, US health officials said on the 22nd that there is evidence that an "incurable" fungus has spread in two hospitals and a nursing home, causing three deaths.

　　According to the CDC report, a nursing home in Washington, D.C. and two hospitals in Dallas, Texas, broke out with "super fungus" infection. A few patients have invasive fungal infections, and the three main drugs are ineffective against these infections.

　　"This is indeed the first time that we have started to see cases of drug resistance aggregation," said Dr. Megan Lyman of CDC, in which patients are obviously infected with each other.

　　For many years, health officials have been warning about the possibility of this super fungus after discovering that some commonly used drugs are almost ineffective against fungal infection.

　　In 2019, doctors diagnosed three cases in new york, and these cases were also resistant to a class of drugs called echinocandin, which is considered as the last line of defense against fungal infection. But in the case of new york, there is no evidence that the infection has spread between patients. The scientists concluded that drug resistance was formed during the treatment.

　　However, the CDC concluded from the latest cases that these fungal infections did spread.

　　In Washington, D.C., there were 101 cases of Candida auricula infection in a nursing home for seriously ill patients, of which 3 cases were resistant to all three antifungal drugs. There are 22 infected people in two hospitals in Dallas, and two of them have this drug resistance.

　　According to the CDC, these cases occurred from January to April 2021. Of the five people who were completely ineffective in treatment, three died, two of them were hospital patients in Texas and the other was in Washington.

　　Lyman said that cases in both places have continued to erupt, and other infections have been found since April. However, new cases have not been reported.

　　Investigators looked at medical records and found no evidence that patients in these clusters had used antifungal drugs before. Health officials say this means that they will spread from person to person.

　　Nancy’s son Xiao Ge is a little introverted and doesn’t like to talk much. On the first day, he seems to have fewer topics to communicate with his parents. Nancy gave birth to her daughter a year ago. When my sister was born, Xiao Ge occasionally came to my sister’s crib to have a look, but he didn’t tease her and couldn’t see his joy as a brother.

　　Nancy asked her son, "Do you like your sister?" He said: "I don’t like it, because my sister always cries. When she is sick and taking medicine, she deliberately spits it out, and her clothes are dirty. Besides, the milk on her body smells bad!"

　　Once, the grandmother who helped to look after Xiao Ge went out on business, and her daughter woke up and cried in bed. Nancy, who was going to the toilet, called Xiao Ge: "Brother, hurry to coax my sister." However, when she heard her daughter’s crying getting louder and louder, she hurried out of the toilet. Nancy saw a scene that surprised her: her son was standing in front of her sister’s bed, and her right hand was holding her sister’s face and twisting it left and right. Nancy was in a hurry and shouted at him angrily, "Why are you pulling your sister’s face?" Like a brother? " Xiao Ge quickly retracted his hand, and there were three obvious whitening nail prints on his daughter’s face. Nancy loves her little girl so much that she really wants to beat Xiao Ge.

　　Xiao Ge stared at Nancy, and two lines of tears rolled down and shouted at her, "Who makes her so annoying, always crying, so that I have no idea to do my homework?" You are partial and only love her. You love her when she doesn’t cry, and you coax her when she cries. She does everything right. When have you ever cared so much about me? "

　　Xiao Ge said that and rushed into her room. Then, she heard the "bang" sound of stationery and books being swept to the ground, and there was a loud wail.

　　For an instant, Nancy was shocked. To tell the truth, she never thought that her son would have such a big reaction. She just scolded Xiao Ge impatiently. Xiao Ge’s crying made Nancy feel sorry for her child again.

　　Secretly I don’t know how much I was jealous of my sister.

　　We habitually think that having two children is to give the boss a companion. We habitually think that my brother or sister must like my sister or younger brother. We also habitually think that my brother is older than my sister and should be sensible. When my sister is in trouble, my brother has to give way naturally. When my sister cries, my brother has to coax … …

　　"I forgot, in fact, Xiao Ge is just a child." Nancy said, I am busy taking care of my little one at ordinary times, leaving my little one to my grandmother, who will take him to school and accompany him for a walk at night. Although he didn’t say anything, he secretly didn’t know how much he was jealous of his sister. He hated that his sister took away his parents’ love for him.

　　Nancy said that since she was pregnant and it was inconvenient to go out, she did not take her son out to travel or visit the park for a long time, and rarely took him to the movies. After the daughter was born, she cried a lot, and the whole family turned around and took turns holding and coaxing. Sometimes, Nancy asks Xiao Ge to look after her sister. Xiao Ge looks unhappy: "Mom, this is your baby. Why do you want me to look at it?" I don’t want to play with her, I want to play with myself. "

　　No wonder, Nancy found that her sister’s toys were often not found and inexplicably ran to the bottom of the sofa. No wonder, my sister’s cloth book was painted in a mess with watercolor pens; No wonder my sister’s unused clean diapers appear in the dirty water in the washbasin … … It turns out that these are all good things that my son did on purpose.

　　On the night of the "sister-pinching incident", Nancy caressed her son and apologized to him. From the next day, she picked up her son personally after school every afternoon, and tried to take time to accompany him to do his homework and go downstairs to play at night. One day after school, Nancy took him directly to the cinema to watch movies, and took out his favorite KFC set meal from his bag. His son happily slung her arm and said emotionally, "Mom, you remember that I love this! I thought you only cared about your sister and forgot everything about me! " Nancy’s nose is sour, and she feels that she has wronged her son a lot.

　　In May 2019, the Statistical Bulletin on the Development of China’s Health Care in 2018 issued by the National Health and Wellness Commission showed that in 2018, there were 15.23 million people born in China, and the proportion of two children remained at around 50%. Among them, how many adolescent children encounter the newly born two children and face growing up with their younger brothers or sisters?

　　When the adolescent "eldest brother" is meeting two children, how parents should deal with this special period of the family has become a difficult problem for many families with two children.

　　Song Shaowei, a famous adolescent psychologist and executive director of the Quality Education Research and Development Center of Tsinghua University Humanities College, said in an interview with China Youth Daily and China Youth Network: "Adolescent children are particularly sensitive. After giving birth to a second child, don’t let the child feel suddenly abandoned by his parents. In the process of taking care of the little one, let the big one take care of the little one together. With this process, he will feel that mom and dad are still doing something with me. "

　　Song Shaowei suggested that parents can be frank with the boss: "Parents’ time is always limited. If they are small, there will be some neglect in the process of taking care of you, or there will be some reduction in time, but we still love you very much."

　　"You might as well tell your child frankly that you are busy with your second child. The more parents cover up, the more they cover up. Adolescent children are very energetic and feel that their parents are particularly hypocritical. " Song Shaowei said.

　　Adolescence is impatient with nothing but my sister.

　　Wu Li is 44 years old. Two years ago, as an elderly woman, she gave birth to her second daughter. Today, the eldest daughter Lele is in the second grade, and the second daughter is two years old. In order to take care of the two children, Wu Li chooses to be a full-time mother at home.

　　For the eldest daughter Lele, Wu Li bluntly said: "If you have two children, the troubles of adolescence are there, and the problems you face will not be reduced at all."

　　Wu Li said that the "quarrels" between her and Lele were almost trivial. For example, if you don’t knock at the door when you enter your daughter’s room, her daughter will yell "go out" in a particularly angry way; For example, when going to the toilet, Lele always walks in with her mobile phone for half an hour, and she can fly into a rage at the door; Another example is that the daughter takes a small mirror to take photos all day. Just after saying a few words about her, the eldest daughter rolls her eyes at her.

　　"These things have nothing to do with my sister." Wu Li said that the worst quarrel between her eldest daughter and her was riding a bicycle. Every day after school, Wu Li rides a bicycle to pick up her eldest daughter, and her two-year-old daughter sits on a small basket placed on the front beam of the bicycle.

　　"We usually ride bicycles side by side. There was a lot of traffic that day, and when I turned the corner, I said to her ‘ To the right and some, tandem ride ’ . She didn’t seem to hear me, and she rode slowly in front of me, so I leaned to the right. This is a great thing, she quarreled with me all the way. " The eldest daughter kept asking Wu Li why she deliberately squeezed her, and what was her intention? "First of all, I warned you to walk on the right. Secondly, I didn’t mean to squeeze you." Wu Li has repeatedly expressed her confession.

　　Arriving at the door, my daughter grabbed her bike and said, "You are dishonest. Let’s go to the traffic police to check the surveillance video!" " "You are sick! You are wasting my time. " Wu Li said. "You are sick, you are crazy, don’t pick me up in the future." The daughter said.

　　"You see, my sister’s face is cold. I don’t have time to talk to you here. " "It’s nothing to do with my sister. I’m talking about you. You must apologize to me today." Finally, Wu Li had to "pretend" to apologize to her eldest daughter with grievances. Wu Li said: "At puberty, the eldest daughter is like a cow. Anyone who shakes in front of her will lose his temper as long as he doesn’t like it."

　　Fortunately, I have a sister. "My sister was impatient with everything in adolescence, only her sister. All her good looks were given to her sister." Wu Li said that in normal times, Lele would feed her sister, take her to watch cartoons and tell her stories when she slept at night. Lele said to her, "When I was born, I weighed two kilograms, one kilogram was fleshy and one kilogram was cute. When I grew up, there were more and more fleshy, but the cuteness did not increase, so I became unlovable."

　　"The eldest daughter has more conflicts with us, and there is no conflict with her sister. For the puberty of the eldest daughter, the two-year-old sister played a certain role as a moderator. " Wu Li said.

　　"In the past, my eldest daughter slept alone in a room, often staying up until 11 o’clock, and sometimes she was insomnia. Later, I asked my eldest daughter to sleep with me, and my sister slept between us. Unexpectedly, Lele was very happy. She scratched her sister’s back every day and went to bed on time at 9: 30 in the evening, for fear of affecting her sleep. "

　　Let adolescent babies participate in bringing up two children together.

　　Nancy said that after watching movies with her son alone, she often found opportunities to take her daughter and son to play together, and solemnly told Xiao Ge: "My sister is a child born to my mother, and you are also a child born to my mother. Mom should take care of it! You take care of your sister, and your mother will do things quickly, so that she can have extra time to study, watch movies and go to the park alone. "

　　Xiao Ge had to compromise reluctantly. Sometimes, he is like a baby, crawling with his sister on the crawling mat in the living room, reading story books to her and playing with toys with her. Recently, my sister was learning to walk. When he saw her wobbly and stood up and walked forward, he was worried that her sister would fall, and he would quickly follow her to protect her. She looked like a brother.

　　Sun Yunxiao, chief expert of China Youth Research Center, said: "Actually, having two children is a great psychological challenge to the eldest brother. Even if the child enters adolescence and becomes a young adult, he is inexperienced, ignorant and full of fear in being a brother or sister, and needs the help of his parents. If parents and families ignore this point, it will do great harm to children, and the relationship between the two children in the future is unpredictable. If the boss’s psychological problems are not solved, maybe he will hate the second child and torture the second child in various ways. "

　　Sun Yunxiao said: "The contradiction between the eldest and the second is something that all families may face. As an only child, the boss used to enjoy the love of his parents, but now he has a second child, so parents have to help his children accept and adapt, and help them eliminate their fears. Rights and responsibilities correspond and the two are unified. "

　　Song Shaowei once had an 18-year-old student. When the student went out to play with his brother, who was a few months old, many people teased him and said, "Yo, you will have a baby!" His students were not angry at all, and they proudly said to others, "This is my brother. Taking him with them is like taking care of my own children."

　　Song Shaowei said: "If there is an adolescent child and a second child is born, the best way at this time is to let the adolescent child feel that the second child is his own. Being able to take care of his younger brother and sister is his own value, because the child needs a sense of adulthood and value in adolescence. If he is allowed to participate in taking care of his younger brother and sister more, the child will actually be very proud."

　　Sun Yunxiao said that in life, many people have suffered a lot for two children, such as being a stay-at-home mother. This is a contradiction between the reasonable desire to have children and the reality. It is reasonable and always reasonable to have two children, and the requirements are just, which is in line with the basic needs of human development. In the Soviet era, a child whose mother was not well educated went to the educator Makarenko for advice, and his advice was "Then you can have another one".

　　Facts have proved that two children are better educated, and he told a truth that there is an ecological balance in nature and a balance in population. Families with two children are relatively balanced. "Before, many people paid some prices for the second child. In my opinion, these payments are valuable." Sun Yunxiao said. (China Youth Daily China Youth Network reporter Gui Jie)

　　Cctv newsChina Seismological Network officially measured: At 22: 55 on October 12, an earthquake of magnitude 5.2 occurred in Beiliu City, Yulin City, Guangxi, at 22.18 degrees north latitude and 110.51 degrees east longitude, with a focal depth of 10 kilometers.

　　When the earthquake occurred, Beiliu City felt a strong earthquake, and most areas such as Nanning City and Wuzhou City felt the earthquake. After the earthquake, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region immediately launched a four-level emergency response to earthquake relief. Seismological Bureau, emergency department, fire brigade and other departments immediately sent personnel to the epicenter, and local cadres immediately entered the village to check the disaster situation. The reporter learned that at present, no reports of casualties and building collapse have been received, and local transportation, communication and electricity have not been affected. According to the news of the railway department, after the earthquake, in order to ensure the safety of passengers, China Railway Nanning Bureau urgently suspended 9 passenger trains. Affected by the earthquake, some trains were delayed to varying degrees.

First, the construction of standard factory buildings in our province
　　　 A standard factory building usually refers to a general industrial factory building that is planned and built by a qualified developer in accordance with the requirements of building scale within the planning scope of an industrial concentration area for rent or sale. The standard factory building has the characteristics of universality, compatibility and intensification. Standard factory building is a regional basic and basic industrial development platform, and it is an important transitional and nurturing carrier for small and medium-sized enterprises. The construction of standard factory buildings in our province should be considered as an earlier area in the whole country. Since the construction of standard factory buildings in the park was started in 2003, the new construction scale of about 20 million square meters has been maintained every year. According to the survey results of the provincial Economic and Information Committee on the construction of standard factory buildings in 743 homes in the province in the first half of 2012, by the end of 2011, the total scale of standard factory buildings in our province exceeded 200 million square meters, including 180 million square meters of standard factory buildings already built and 28.46 million square meters of standard factory buildings under construction. Judging from the construction of standard workshops, more than 60% are single-story workshops, about 30% are two-to three-story workshops, and the construction scale of standard workshops with four floors and above is still small, accounting for less than 10%. Among the 180 million square meters of standard factory buildings that have been built, the single-storey standard factory building in northern Jiangsu is the largest, accounting for 56% of the province. The top three provincial cities with single-storey standard factory buildings are Huai ‘an, Yancheng and Suqian, accounting for 15%, 14.8% and 12.8% of the province’s total respectively, while those in southern Jiangsu and central Jiangsu are 33% and 11% respectively. Built multi-storey standard workshops are most distributed in southern Jiangsu, accounting for 52%.The top three provincial cities with multi-storey standard factory buildings are Suzhou, Huai ‘an and Zhenjiang, accounting for 26%, 15% and 10% of the province’s total respectively, and 11% and 37% in central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu respectively. In the construction of four-storey and above standard factory buildings, southern Jiangsu has a clear advantage, accounting for 64% of the province’s total, while central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu account for 12% and 24% respectively. The top three provincial cities in the province are Zhenjiang, Suzhou and Nanjing, accounting for 20%, 15% and 14% respectively, which is consistent with the development trend of light industry in southern Jiangsu.
Second, the concept of "high-standard workshop" was put forward
　　　 In order to innovate the way of saving and intensive use of resources, we will promote the transformation of land and resources management from examination and approval and supervision to encouragement and guidance of saving and intensive use. In August 2012, the Provincial Department of Land and Resources and the Provincial Economic and Information Committee jointly issued the Opinions on Encouraging the Construction of High-standard Factory Buildings, Promoting the Scale Development of Industrial Agglomeration, and Promoting the Economical and Intensive Use of Land, which proposed to accelerate the construction of high-standard factory buildings in the province and improve the efficiency of land use with the goal of "enterprise concentration, industrial cluster, factor agglomeration and land intensification". The concept of "high-standard factory building" put forward refers to a standard factory building with four floors and above with complete functions and advanced facilities. The difference between "high standard factory building" and previous "standard factory building" is that the number of building floors and the standard of facilities are strictly stipulated, which is more efficient and intensive than the original "standard factory building". The construction of high-standard factory buildings is conducive to optimizing the layout of industrial land, accelerating industrial transformation and upgrading, improving the level of economical and intensive land use, and further promoting the sustainable economic and social development of the province.
　　　 Our province encourages and guides the construction of high-standard factory buildings, and the construction and use mainly follow four principles: First, scientific planning. In provincial and national development zones and industrial concentration areas that conform to the overall land use planning and urban and rural planning, select areas with concentrated contiguous areas and more construction land in stock, and reasonably determine the overall layout and scale of high-standard factory building according to the requirements of centralized layout, intensive land use and industrial agglomeration and the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises, focusing on industrial positioning and industry requirements. The second is market orientation. According to the principle of "who invests, who owns, who benefits", encourage and guide social capital to participate in the investment and construction of high-standard factories, encourage local governments to explore the development and operation mode of industrial real estate, and accelerate the pace of high-standard factory construction. The third is to standardize construction. In the construction of high-standard factory buildings, it is necessary to define the investors, organize the implementation according to the plan, complete the examination and approval procedures for capital construction, and entrust qualified survey, design, construction and supervision units to carry out the project construction. After the high-standard factory building is completed, it can be put into use only after passing the acceptance test. The fourth is functional support. Infrastructure such as roads, electricity, communication, water supply and drainage and sewage treatment in the concentrated area of high-standard factories should meet the production needs of enterprises. In the concentrated area of high-standard factories, public service platforms such as business office, product testing and technical services can be built for enterprises to share as needed.
　　　 There are three requirements for the construction of high-standard factory buildings: First, the construction of high-standard factory buildings is limited to the use of state-owned construction land that has been legally obtained for industrial purposes. Need to use agricultural land (arable land), unused land and collectively owned land, should be handled in accordance with the law of agricultural land (arable land), unused land into construction land and collective land acquisition procedures, and through open paid land supply to obtain the right to use state-owned construction land. Encourage the use of legally acquired state-owned construction land. Second, if new high-standard factories are built by using new construction land, the scale of high-standard factories should be more than 100 mu in a single plot construction area (for high-standard factories, excluding administrative offices and supporting service facilities); If it is really necessary to build separately, it can be composed of less than 3 plots, but the total area of high-standard workshops should be more than 150 mu. Third, high-standard factories should generally be arranged in the park where the advantages of characteristic industries have been formed and the industrial concentration of small and medium-sized enterprises is high. In the construction area, the plot ratio of high-standard workshops should generally be above 1.6 (excluding supporting foundations and service facilities), the building density should generally be not less than 35%, and the workshop level should reach four floors or above, which meets the requirements of safety production and environmental protection.
Three, the construction and use of high-standard factory buildings in our province
　　　 In 2012 and 2013, the Provincial Department of Land and Resources and the Provincial Economic and Information Committee implemented corresponding support policies for the construction and use of high-standard factory buildings in advanced areas in our province, giving construction land planning indicators and factory rental fund subsidies and incentives respectively. Judging from the overall situation of the application work in the two years, all the reporting units have a positive attitude and adequate materials preparation, and have a deep understanding of the significance of carrying out this work. In 2012, 55 counties (cities, districts) declared, and in 2013, 28 counties (cities, districts) declared. According to the data verification, the total construction area meeting the declaration requirements of high-standard factories in the past two years was 23,208,600 square meters, covering an area of about 1,800 hectares, of which about 80% was stock land. The utilization rate of the total construction area of completed high-standard factories was close to 80%, and the building density of high-standard factories reached 43.14% on average. The average construction area of high-standard workshops in a single industrial cluster area is 114,200 square meters; The average investment in fixed assets of completed high-standard factories is 39.1157 million yuan/hectare, and the average industrial output value is 42.3612 million yuan/hectare. The matching coefficient between enterprises with high-standard factories and local industrial guidance policies is 90%, and 100 jobs can be solved for every 10,000 square meters of high-standard factories put into use.

Fourth, the significance of building and using high-standard factories to promote the economical and intensive use of land
　　　 Based on the close combination of regional industrial development planning, overall land use planning and the characteristics of imported enterprises, the high-standard factory buildings were arranged and built as a whole, which effectively promoted the centralized use of land resources. As an incubator for small and medium-sized enterprises, the high-standard factory building integrates production, office, catering, accommodation and business, and has relatively perfect living service facilities, which has incomparable advantages over the single land use project and the ordinary standard factory building project, which not only saves the repeated investment in land acquisition compensation, factory building and infrastructure, but also greatly reduces the entrepreneurial cost of enterprises, saves land and promotes the intensive use of land. The purpose of intensive land use can be achieved by increasing building density and floor area ratio, seeking benefits from space and excavating land use efficiency; At the same time, high-standard factories are fully equipped, and when enterprises need to use land alone to expand their scale, they can be rented immediately. In case of bankruptcy, they can withdraw their rents in time to reduce the risks of enterprises.
　　　 The effect of saving and intensive land in the construction of high-standard factory buildings is very remarkable. Taking the construction of a standard factory building with 166,700 square meters as an example, if it is built with a single floor and a comprehensive floor area ratio of only 0.7, the total area of the construction area will be 357 mu. If it is built according to the second floor and the comprehensive floor area ratio is 1.2, the total area of the construction area is 208 mu; If it is built with three floors and a comprehensive plot ratio of 1.5, the total area of the construction area is 167 mu; If a four-storey standard factory building with a comprehensive plot ratio of 2.0 is built, the total area of the construction area is only 125 mu, and the land use is only 35% of the single floor, 60% of the second floor and 75% of the third floor. It can be seen that the use of high-standard factory buildings to build business incubators can not only effectively save the land acquisition investment, infrastructure facilities and entrepreneurial costs of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in the park, but also effectively save land resources, which is of practical significance for further promoting the economical and intensive use of land in Jiangsu Province and effectively alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of land resources.
　　　 The significance of building and using high-standard workshops is reflected in the following five aspects:
　　　 First, strengthen support and promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. At present, the enterprises entering the industrial park are mainly small and medium-sized enterprises, which are an important force in national economic and social development. The small and medium-sized enterprises in Jiangsu Province are vast in scope and large in quantity. Promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is an important foundation for maintaining the stable and rapid development of the province’s economy, and it is also a major strategic task related to people’s livelihood and social stability. According to statistics, the average life span of small and medium-sized enterprises is 3.7 years, while the average life span of small and micro enterprises is only 2.9 years. Usually, the investment scale of small and medium-sized enterprises is relatively small, and their ability to resist risks is relatively weak. The main problem in the early stage of development of these enterprises is the shortage of funds. High-standard factory buildings have good service facilities such as roads, water, electricity and communication, which adapt to the life cycle and development characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises. On the one hand, enterprises choose to enter high-standard factories, which can effectively save the time of obtaining land resources and the cost of construction, concentrate on production and operation, and promote the production efficiency of enterprises. At the same time, the high-standard factory building park has standardized operation and complete information means, which can provide small and medium-sized enterprises with a safe, fast, punctual, economical and professional logistics resources and service integration platform, effectively save small and medium-sized enterprises, reduce logistics costs and time costs, and effectively promote their development.
　　　 The second is to optimize the allocation of resources and improve the efficiency of land use. High-standard workshops provide the most suitable and convenient workplace for the production of products in traditional industries such as light industry, textile, clothing, electronic product assembly, biomedicine, etc., which can effectively avoid the scattered layout and architectural style disorder caused by the independent construction of workshops by small and medium-sized enterprises. From the overall scale of land use, high-standard workshops are four-storey and above workshops, and the floor area ratio of workshops is generally not less than 1.6 (excluding the area occupied by administrative offices and supporting service facilities). Compared with the original single-storey or two-or three-storey standard workshops, From the perspective of internal land use structure, the construction of high-standard factory buildings is based on unified planning and unified layout, and the production area is separated from the office area and logistics area, which is neat and beautiful and can improve the utilization efficiency. It can be seen that promoting the construction of high-standard factory buildings can promote the optimal allocation of land resources, effectively reduce the cost of land development and construction, improve the efficiency of unit land output, help alleviate the contradiction between rapid economic development and land resource shortage, and demonstrate the effectiveness of saving and intensive land use.
　　　 The third is to build a reasonable competition mechanism and enhance the overall competitiveness of the industry. The construction of high-standard factory buildings can promote the high concentration of enterprises in the region. Through mutual contact and understanding in the same environment, on the one hand, it can enhance the contrast between enterprises and encourage enterprises to innovate and develop and derive. On the other hand, through the reasonable competition mechanism of "survival of the fittest", competition, substitution and merger of similar enterprises can also be promoted. Due to the geographical proximity, the production equipment and labor resources of eliminated enterprises can be absorbed and utilized by similar enterprises quickly, which is conducive to the optimal integration of resources among enterprises. Therefore, industrial agglomeration driven by high-standard factories can stimulate the rapid growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, thus enhancing the overall competitiveness of the industry.
　　　 The fourth is to speed up industrial agglomeration and promote the development of industrial agglomeration areas. High-standard factory building development model can make full use of the land resources in industrial clusters, and turn it into a realistic economic growth platform, attract a large number of enterprises to settle in through efficient use, gather popularity, and drive the growth and development of leading industries. Attracting industrial transfer, accelerating industrial agglomeration and development, optimizing industrial structure and layout, creating regional advantages and leading industries, improving the level and level of industrial platform construction, and rapidly attracting a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises to enter industrial agglomeration areas for industrial development are conducive to the rapid formation of industrial agglomeration areas, thus promoting the overall development of regional economy.
　　　 Fifth, optimize the distribution of productive forces and promote the adjustment of industrial structure. High-standard factories can help enterprises in the same industrial chain to jointly use infrastructure, shorten transportation lines, save infrastructure investment and reduce production costs; Comprehensive utilization of raw materials, energy and "three wastes" resources; It is conducive to the formation of a relatively complete upstream and downstream industrial chain, promoting specialization and cooperation, and helping small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve further development and incubation; At the same time, many small and medium-sized enterprises have settled in standard factories, which can provide supporting services for the production of large enterprises in the region, help promote the development of agglomeration, cultivate advantageous industries, and then play a positive role in optimizing the layout of productive forces and promoting the adjustment of industrial structure.
Five, some suggestions to guide the construction of high-standard factory buildings
　　　 First, explore the concept of diversification and encourage multi-channel investment. Adhere to the principle of "government-led, market operation, whoever invests will benefit", raise funds in various ways and build in various forms. We can advocate a variety of investment methods, such as park-led investment construction, private capital investment construction, and township-led financing construction. Among them, as an important platform to undertake projects, the park can give full play to its advantages in land supply and infrastructure construction through effective management and operation; Private capital investment and construction can be used to build high-standard factories in areas outside the park, fully absorb private capital investment in the form of land shares or leases, adopt corporate operation, and provide all-round services for project services, logistics, administrative examination and approval, which can not only solve the management subject, but also provide good services for enterprises and give full play to the flexibility of financing; In addition, actively encouraging qualified towns and villages to participate in the construction of high-standard factory buildings is conducive to the local government’s overall planning, unified design and timely implementation in close combination with the direction of urban investment attraction and infrastructure construction, thus promoting the rapid development of local economy.
　　　 The second is to explore the industrial real estate model and carry out capital operation. As an industry, industrial real estate has its own unique business model, including a series of activities such as raising funds, building infrastructure, developing and operating projects and providing industrial real estate industry and services. The surplus of industrial real estate is reflected in the ability to start quickly, compensate expenses with income, and have a surplus after compensating expenses. Correspondingly, the business model of industrial real estate has four characteristics: "big investment, quick start, providing value-added services, and pursuing long-term stable returns". In the process of promoting the construction of high-standard factory buildings in Jiangsu Province, local governments will be encouraged to explore the operation mode of industrial real estate development and accelerate the pace of high-standard factory building.
　　　 The third is to promote the development of underground space and expand the land use space. In the construction of high-standard factory park, we should pay attention to strengthening the comprehensive development and utilization of land, actively guide the construction of high-standard factory buildings to extend to underground space, and give full play to the functions of material storage and parking in underground space, so as to promote the optimization of land structure and realize the common enjoyment, centralized use and intensive use of land resources.　　
　　　 The fourth is to strengthen the construction of public service platforms and improve the efficiency of infrastructure utilization. Encourage local governments, park public management institutions and modern service enterprises to provide public services such as policy guidance, administrative services, financial support, research and development testing, technology trading and property rights protection, enterprise and product promotion, logistics and human resources support for small and medium-sized enterprises in high-standard factory parks, reduce the cost of enterprise infrastructure construction, improve the sharing and intercommunication of production factors such as information, talents and technology among enterprises, and promote the establishment of production division and cooperation and joint participation in external market competition among enterprises.
　　　 The fifth is to promote the large-scale construction of factory buildings in an orderly manner and promote win-win development among regions. The development of southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu shows gradient characteristics. Southern Jiangsu has obvious advantages in capital, technology and information, while northern Jiangsu has obvious advantages in land resources and labor resources. Enterprises are the main body of microeconomics, the concrete organizers and implementers of inter-regional industrial transfer, which is the objective process and result of enterprises’ inter-regional movement. By orderly promoting the large-scale construction of high-standard factories between regions, we can effectively guide the transfer of enterprises (especially small and medium-sized enterprises) between regions, and give full play to the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in prospering social economy, expanding urban and rural employment, increasing fiscal revenue, promoting independent innovation and promoting scientific and technological development, thus accelerating the industrial upgrading in southern Jiangsu and the rapid rise of northern Jiangsu.

Corner of Hainan Western Central Hospital. Photo by Li Youke, an all-media reporter from Zhangzhou Rongmedia

Danzhou Rong Media Center NewsDecember 30th, 2020 is a landmark day in the development history of Hainan Western Central Hospital. On this day, Hainan Western Central Hospital was unveiled and officially upgraded to a third-class first-class general hospital.

For a time, every medical worker’s face was filled with a happy smile in the outpatient department and ward of the hospital.

Three-level A-level general hospitals (hereinafter referred to as "3A" hospitals) are the highest level of hospitals in China, and they are also the most valuable brands and business cards of hospitals. In order to create a "top three" hospital, in recent years, Qi Xin, all the cadres and workers of Hainan Western Central Hospital, worked together to make progress, and stepped out of a leap-forward development road with the pace of stepping on the stone and leaving a seal, constantly filling the gaps in medical technology services in Qiongxi area and even the whole province with superb technology, creating a harmonious and excellent medical environment for the majority of patients, providing convenient and high-quality medical services, and winning wide praise from patients.

The successful establishment of "top three" hospitals has not only fulfilled the dreams of several generations of Hainan Western Central Hospital, but also set a new milestone in the history of hospital development, adding a lot of color to the development of Danzhou’s medical and health undertakings.

Create a "top three" dream and set sail

It is the strategic layout of the provincial party committee and government to build five regional medical centers "East, West, North and South" and build a "one-hour three-level medical circle" in the province. In recent years, Hainan Western Central Hospital has focused on the goal of building a regional medical center in western Hainan and actively promoted the development of health care.

Hainan Western Central Hospital has gone through a history of 130 years, and its predecessor was the Great Evangelical Hospital founded by the American Christian Church in 1890. In June, 2009, Hainan Western Central Hospital, with Danzhou First People’s Hospital as its team, broke ground. In June 2014, the first phase of the hospital project was officially put into use. Since then, Hainan Western Central Hospital, like a bright star, has risen in Ran Ran, a promising land in western Hainan, and has made great efforts to become the first third-class first-class hospital and regional medical center in western Hainan integrating medical treatment, teaching and scientific research, covering Danzhou, Lingao, Baisha, Changjiang, Dongfang, Qiongzhong and Yangpu Economic Development Zone.

As we all know, the "top three" hospitals in China are gathering places of cutting-edge technical talents and high-level medical and health service institutions in the country. The establishment of "top three" hospitals is related to the hospital’s honor, industry status and future development, and it is also the only way to ensure the eternal foundation of this century-old hospital.

Creating the "top three" must be successful, and there is no room for falsehood and slack. Ever since the goal of creating a "top three" hospital was put forward, Hainan Western Central Hospital has been determined to cross the rubicon and last stand, mobilizing all forces, pouring manpower, material resources and financial resources, creating conditions, overcoming all difficulties, giving the green light to and serving the creation work, so as to promote connotation construction, enhance comprehensive competitiveness, enhance social image and better benefit the citizens.

Introduce advanced management experience

Can an ordinary hospital quickly improve its medical technology and management level and grow into a high-level hospital in a short period of time? Innovating ideas, increasing investment and introducing high-quality medical resources … In 2017, Danzhou signed a contract with Shanghai No.9 Hospital under the promotion of the provincial government, and Danzhou entrusted Shanghai No.9 Hospital with full authority to conduct comprehensive management of Hainan Western Central Hospital. Since then, Hainan Western Central Hospital has entered the fast lane of leap-forward development.

Since the comprehensive trusteeship, the expert team of Shanghai No.9 Hospital has brought advanced hospital management experience and top medical technology support, which has provided a strong impetus for the development of Hainan Western Central Hospital and laid a solid foundation for the hospital to create "top three" work, and the whole hospital has devoted itself to creating "top three" work.

In order to better promote advanced management concepts and coordinate personnel, the management team stationed in Shanghai No.9 Hospital directly manages Hainan Western Central Hospital. In terms of personnel appointment and dismissal, we have avoided localized human interests and adhered to an open, fair and just management system. In the past three years, we have selected 13 senior experts from Shanghai No.9 Hospital to be the directors of clinical medical technology departments, adjusted and enriched the directors and deputy directors of clinical medical technology departments, openly competed for 26 functional department leaders and 15 head nurses, and strictly controlled the number of posts of logistics and administrative personnel, which eliminated the bad phenomena in the management team and greatly improved everyone’s enthusiasm.

With the help of Shanghai No.9 Hospital, Hainan Western Central Hospital aims to establish a "top three" hospital, establish and improve the working mechanism and system related to hospital internal management, further improve the service process, and provide various forms of appointment diagnosis and treatment, self-service facilities, one-stop discharge settlement and volunteer service, so as to shorten the time for patients to see a doctor and improve patient satisfaction.

Improve the level of medical technology

The core content of hospital development is the improvement of medical technology. With the continuous improvement of urban development and economic and social level, Danzhou’s medical and health service system has been improved day by day, and the medical level has been steadily improved. However, many patients with major diseases still need to go to Haikou, Guangzhou, Shanghai and other places to seek medical advice every year. The problem of "difficulty in seeing a doctor" is still like a curse, which has been hampering the development of medical undertakings in Danzhou and even cities and counties in western Hainan.

Sharing high-quality medical resources in Shanghai. After the team of experts from Shanghai Ninth Hospital was stationed, the new medical technology from Shanghai Ninth Hospital and even China quickly landed in Hainan Western Central Hospital. Many major operations that could not be done before can now be done, which not only facilitates the people to seek medical treatment, but also reduces the burden of seeing a doctor, truly making the people realize their desire to cure diseases and see serious illnesses without going out of Danzhou, and effectively enhancing their sense of access to medical services.

"In the past, such surgery could only be done in hospitals in Haikou or Guangzhou, but now it can be done in the city." Mr. Xu, who suffered from ischemic stroke, sighed sincerely after receiving treatment in Hainan Western Central Hospital.

Nowadays, with the help of Shanghai Ninth Hospital, the medical technology and service level of Hainan Western Central Hospital have been continuously improved, and the status of Hainan Western Regional Medical Center has become increasingly prominent. More than 130 new technologies, such as minimally invasive removal of uterine cancer, removal of giant brain tumor, and vertebral compression fracture plasty, have been carried out one after another, successfully filling the medical gap in Qiongxi area and even Hainan, alleviating the problem of "it is difficult to see a doctor" to some extent, especially relieving many patients with difficult diseases or serious illnesses from going to Haikou and Guangzhou.

According to statistics, the number of patients with major diseases in Danzhou staying in the local treatment has increased significantly, and the number of patients with major diseases in neighboring cities and counties has increased significantly. Statistics show that the number of outpatient and emergency visits in Hainan Western Central Hospital alone increased from 317,000 in 2016 to 510,000 in 2019; The number of seriously ill patients hospitalized outside the city also increased from 2,800 in 2016 to 4,789 in 2019.

Cultivate excellent medical talents

Through the academic leadership of Shanghai Ninth Hospital and the assistance of "True Classics", Hainan Western Central Hospital has trained a number of outstanding medical talents, and emerging disciplines are full of vitality, and some weak disciplines are gradually becoming better and stronger.

Zhen Chen is a young doctor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Hainan Western Central Hospital. He is only 34 years old this year, but he has grown into a surgeon in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery, and won the first place in Hainan Gynecological Endoscopy Skills Competition in 2019 and 2020.

"Many of my college classmates haven’t even touched the scalpel so far, and now I am doing more than 20 laparoscopic minimally invasive operations every month." Zhen Chen said that he could not have today’s technology without the mentoring of Ren Qing, an expert in obstetrics and gynecology stationed in Hainan Western Central Hospital by Shanghai No.9 Hospital.

Before 2017, the department of obstetrics and gynecology in Hainan Western Central Hospital was mainly obstetrics, with less than 5% gynecological patients and operations, less than 200 operations a year, and even fewer third-and fourth-grade operations. Under the leadership of Ren Qing, an expert in obstetrics and gynecology and chief physician of Shanghai No.9 Hospital, the hospital focused on the development of gynecology and standardized the development of obstetrics, successively built obstetrics and gynecology into provincial key clinical specialties, and set up a provincial rescue center for high-risk pregnant women, which significantly reduced the maternal mortality and neonatal mortality. Nowadays, the gynecological technology in this department has gradually matured and reached the advanced level in the province.

At the same time, Hainan Western Central Hospital directly introduced Shanghai’s first-class medical resources in China by means of cooperation. In the past three years, the hospital has continuously expanded clinical departments to meet patients’ medical needs, and successively set up orthopedic surgery, urology, general medicine, Chinese medicine, thoracic surgery, clinical nutrition, and re-integrated pain department and rehabilitation medicine department. The clinical medical department has expanded from 32 to 37 at present, and 10 disciplines such as infection department have become provincial-level clinical key specialties, and 6 provincial-level diagnosis and treatment centers and 4 municipal-level diagnosis and treatment centers have been built.

Remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind. Over the years, Hainan Western Central Hospital has adhered to the principle of "promoting construction by evaluation, promoting reform by evaluation, emphasizing both evaluation and construction, and focusing on connotation", and has done a lot of fruitful work around strengthening hospital connotation construction, improving medical quality and service level, and ensuring patient safety.

On December 30, 2020, with the listing of Hainan Western Central Hospital as the "top three", it marked that Danzhou added another "top three" hospital after the listing of the "top three" hospital by the Municipal People’s Hospital.

Xiongguan Man Road is as iron as iron, but now it’s a step from the beginning. New starting point, new journey; New responsibilities, new actions. "In the future, the hospital will further strengthen the connotation construction of the hospital, improve the allocation of major disciplines, continuously improve the level of medical technology and service capabilities, and formulate the development plan of the hospital during the 14 th Five-Year Plan in combination with the third phase of the hospital construction, so as to become a well-known university teaching and research base in China. Efforts will be made to turn the hospital into a provincial-level regional medical center that integrates medicine, teaching, research and rehabilitation, and radiates 3 million people in western Hainan and surrounding areas. " Zhang Shaoming, executive director of Hainan Western Central Hospital, said. (Fu Wuyue, an all-media reporter of Danzhou Rong Media, and Fu Lingji, an editor.)

　　　 Recently, the movie "Guild Wars" starring Mei Ting has been hot in major cinemas across the country. In the film, Mei Ting and Zhang Jiahui partner to perform a very subtle emotional drama, which is also her first collaboration with Zhang Jiahui. When the queen encounters the best actor, it is inevitable that she will "go shopping" in the play. Mei Ting laughs that it is very comfortable to meet experts. Speaking of the seeming love between the two in the film, Mei Ting jokes, "Maybe you can’t have love with a crazy woman!"

　　　 In the film, Cheng Hui, the boxer played by Zhang Jiahui, is down and escapes debt. With the help of friends, he becomes a tenant who lives next to Wang Mingjun, played by Mei Ting. This makes Wang Mingjun, who is depressed after a series of psychological blows, difficult to adapt for a while, but as time goes by, they develop a good impression of each other. It is worth mentioning that the two queen actresses Mei Ting and Zhang Jiahui have been fiercely playing from the beginning, which makes the audience cry out for fun, especially in one of the scenes. The creditor finds Cheng Hui to collect debts. At first, Wang Mingjun does not know how to deal with it, but after seeing his daughter fall from the building, his emotions are out of control, which is in sharp contrast to the calmness of Cheng Hui’s scene. Lin Chaoxian, the director of the film, has publicly stated that the drama between Mei Ting and Zhang Jiahui is a highlight of the whole film

　　　 When talking about the feeling of "shopping" with actor Zhang Jiahui on the same stage, Mei Ting said, "Meeting a master will make my mood closer to the character, and I am very happy to play with an opponent like Zhang Jiahui." Actor Zhang Jiahui has also said that working with Mei Ting has inspired him to create many characters. It is reported that "Guild Wars", which was officially released last Friday, has performed well. The national box office has now exceeded 60 million yuan. It is a rare word-of-mouth work in Chinese films recently. Among them, Mei Ting and Zhang Jiahui’s high-speed drama also made the audience too addicted, and the audience Weibo comments mentioned it.

The fresh news morning call is all in the morning paper.

　

Hello, good morning, everyone. Recently, there was an earthquake in Sichuan, China. Compatriots all over the country are praying for the people of Sichuan. With the efforts and rescue of many parties, the number of casualties has been determined. Sister Liu is here to pray for our compatriots in Sichuan. I wish you all peace and no more casualties. Come on, Sichuan!

What happened to the star? Huang Xiaoming, Jing Tian, Zhao Liying and others voiced their prayers for the disaster area in Changning, Sichuan, with a magnitude of 6.0.

　

On the evening of 17th, there was a continuous earthquake in Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, which touched the hearts of people all over the country. Including Jackson Yee, Zhu Yilong, Roy, Jing Tian, Wu Yifan, Zhao Liying, Meng Mei Qi, Huang Xiaoming, Zhou Dongyu, Yao Chen, Liu Haoran, Chen Weiting, Liu Tao, Han Geng, Jing Boran, Lin Yun, Wen Qi, Xu Dongdong, Chen Linong, Song Zuer, Li Qin, Hou Minghao, Tan Weiwei and Jiang Yiyan.

Angelababy reported peace after the earthquake, and it was thrilling to run 20 floors in one breath. At 10: 25 that evening, before the earthquake, Angelababy had just issued a Weibo: punching in Chengdu. After the earthquake, the sense of earthquake in Chengdu was also obvious, so most fans were worried, so Angelababy reported peace in Weibo for the first time. I hope everyone is safe.

Pre-announcement to see what Zifeng Zhang and Youhao Zhang interpret the first exposure of young Jackie Chan and Yang Yang’s new works.

　　

The youth film "Goodbye, Teenager" starring Peggy Chiao, Yin Ruoxin and the new generation of actors Zifeng Zhang and Youhao Zhang appeared in Shanghai. During this trip to Shanghai, new classroom stills were exposed at the same time. The warm classroom in the picture reflected the worries of boys and girls, and it was as quiet as if you could hear the rustling of chalk rubbing against the blackboard. The college entrance examination in 2019 has just ended, and this group of stills has brought us back to the memorable high school campus.

On the day of the event, "Goodbye, Teenager" also brought two new stills with "classroom" atmosphere, showing the different spatial relationship between Li Fei and Zhang Chenhao — — Sometimes it is infinitely close, and sometimes it is full of worries and watching. The warm and nostalgic tone of the stills quickly sets off the age texture of the play and reminds the audience of their high school days. The film "Goodbye, Teenager" tells the story of a young friendship that once approached infinitely but drifted away in a southern town under the background of social transformation in the Millennium (2000). SO, I look forward to Zifeng’s sister and Youhao Zhang bringing us different youth stories ~

Directed by Tang Jili and starring Jackie Chan, Yang Yang, Allen, Miya and THEO, Depth Charge, a transnational security action blockbuster, recently released its international version for the first time. This is the first time that director Tang Jili has challenged the global anti-terrorism theme, and it is also the ninth collaboration between director Tang Jili and Jackie Chan after the series and other classic international action movies. The works they have worked together in the past have been unanimously recognized by the domestic and foreign markets and become the golden partners for the quality assurance of action movies in the hearts of the audience.

The film tells the story of "Depth Charge" team led by Jackie Chan, Yang Yang and others, who was ordered in a crisis, "desperately" pursued, fought against terrorist organizations across the country, staged a thrilling war by land, sea and air, and finally successfully rescued the hostages of China enterprises. This film is based on the theme of international security. Yang Yang challenges the retired soldiers with high cold for the first time, and inch plate plays the captain of the "Depth Charge" squad. Allen, who often shows people in comedy on the screen, played an automobile expert with superb driving skills this time; Sexy female Miya, this time challenged the fighting master with soft appearance and tough and introverted personality; THEO, a popular idol, first touched the theme of international action and played a genius inventor with high IQ. In the film, Depth Charge’s players try their best to fight against terrorist organizations and finally break through the dilemma. Let’s look forward to the wonderful performance of the Depth Charge players ~

After watching Tang Jili’s ninth joint work "Depth Charge", let’s take a look at Tony Leung Chiu Wai Aaron Kwok’s new film. Recently, at the activity of Dadi Group, the second largest cinema in the Mainland, Tony Leung Chiu Wai, Aaron Kwok, Du Fu, etc. made their debut as the platform for their work "When the Wind Comes Again". Director Weng Ziguang also revealed at the event that the film is locked in the second half of 2019.

In the film, two policemen, played by Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Aaron Kwok, work together to establish a police corruption system and take the position of Chief Inspector. Earlier, a poster denying that the photos of the two were burned and put together was also reminiscent of Aaron Kwok and Chow Yun Fat’s confusing two-man main play in 2018. I don’t know what kind of surprise this cooperation between the two will bring to everyone, just wait for the film to be finalized!

The movie calendar premiered in Beijing

(The specific broadcast content is subject to TV)

Want to get more fresh movie information, love beans, exclusive live video, don’t hurry to download CCTV6 movie channel app, there are girls waiting for you!

Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on printing and distributing the implementation plan of peak carbon dioxide emissions in the field of urban and rural construction

Urban and rural construction is one of the main areas of carbon emissions. With the rapid advancement of urbanization and the deep adjustment of industrial structure, the carbon emissions in urban and rural construction and its proportion in the total carbon emissions of the whole society will be further improved. In order to thoroughly implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, control the growth of carbon emissions in urban and rural construction, and effectively do a good job in peak carbon dioxide emissions in urban and rural construction, this implementation plan is formulated according to the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Completely, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept and Doing a Good Job in Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and the peak carbon dioxide emissions Action Plan before 2030.

I. General requirements

(1) Guiding ideology. Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly implement the Supreme Leader’s ecological civilization thought, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, fully implement the new development concept based on the new development stage, build a new development pattern, adhere to ecological priority, conservation priority, protection priority, harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and adhere to the system concept. Coordinate development and safety, take green and low-carbon development as the guide, promote urban renewal and rural construction, accelerate the transformation of urban and rural construction methods, improve the quality of green and low-carbon development, and continuously meet the people’s needs for a better life.

(2) Working principles. Adhere to systematic planning and step-by-step implementation, strengthen the top-level design, strengthen the control of results, reasonably determine the work rhythm, and make overall plans to promote the realization of peak carbon dioxide emissions. Adhere to local conditions, distinguish between cities, villages and different climate zones, and scientifically determine the requirements for energy conservation and carbon reduction. Adhere to innovation, transformation and development, strengthen core technologies, improve the technical system, strengthen mechanism innovation, and improve the carbon emission reduction management system for urban and rural construction. Adhere to the two-wheel drive, work together, give full play to the role of government-led and market mechanisms, form an effective incentive and restraint mechanism, implement joint construction and sharing, and jointly promote various tasks.

(3) Main objectives. Before 2030, carbon emissions in urban and rural construction will reach the peak. The policy system and institutional mechanism of green and low-carbon development in urban and rural construction have been basically established; The level of building energy conservation and garbage resource utilization has been greatly improved, and the efficiency of energy resource utilization has reached the international advanced level; The energy consumption structure and mode are more optimized, and the application of renewable energy is more sufficient; Positive progress has been made in the green and low-carbon transformation of urban and rural construction methods, and "a lot of construction, a lot of consumption and a lot of emissions" have been basically reversed; The integrity, systematicness and growth of the city have been enhanced, and the problem of "urban disease" has been initially solved; Building quality and engineering quality have been further improved, and the quality of human settlements has been greatly improved; Green lifestyles have generally taken shape, and green and low-carbon operation has been initially realized. Strive to achieve a green and low-carbon transformation of urban and rural construction methods, systematic changes, a beautiful living environment, and the modernization of carbon emission control in urban and rural construction by 2060, and people’s lives will be happier.

Second, building a green and low-carbon city

(4) Optimize the urban structure and layout. Urban form, density, functional layout and construction mode have fundamental and important impacts on carbon emission reduction. Actively carry out the construction of green and low-carbon cities and promote group development. The area of each group is not more than 50 square kilometers, the average population density within the group is not more than 10,000 people/square kilometer in principle, and the maximum number of individual lots is not more than 15,000 people/square kilometer. Strengthen the overall layout of ecological corridors, landscape corridors, ventilation corridors, waterfront spaces and urban greenways, leaving enough urban rivers and lakes ecological spaces and flood control and drainage spaces. The ecological corridors between groups should be continuous and have a net width of not less than 100 meters. Promote urban ecological restoration and improve urban ecosystem. Strictly control the construction of new super-high-rise buildings, and generally no new super-high-rise residential buildings are allowed. The new town and new district should reasonably control the proportion of occupation and residence, and promote the balanced and integrated layout of employment and living space. Reasonable layout of urban rapid trunk traffic, living distribution traffic and green slow traffic facilities, the density of road network in the main city should be greater than 8 km/km2. Strictly manage the demolition of existing buildings, and insist on promoting urban renewal from "demolition to stay" to "stay and change". Except for illegal buildings and buildings identified as dangerous buildings by professional institutions and without repair and reservation value, the existing buildings will not be demolished on a large scale and in pieces. In principle, the demolition area of urban renewal units (districts) or projects should not be greater than 20% of the total construction area. Revitalize existing houses and reduce all kinds of vacant houses.

(V) Building green and low-carbon communities. Community is an important place to form a simple and moderate, green and low-carbon, civilized and healthy lifestyle. Promote mixed blocks with complex functions and advocate mixed layout of residential, commercial and pollution-free industries. Basic public service facilities, convenient commercial service facilities, municipal supporting infrastructure and public activity space will be built in accordance with the Standard for the Construction of Complete Residential Communities (Trial), and the coverage rate of complete residential communities in cities at prefecture level and above will be increased to over 60% by 2030. Through the network of walking and cycling, several residential communities are connected in series to build a fifteen-minute life circle. We will promote the creation of green communities, run the concept of green development through the whole process of community planning, construction and management, and 60% of urban communities will meet the creation requirements first. Explore the construction of zero-carbon community. Encourage property service enterprises to provide home-based care, housekeeping, child care, fitness, shopping and other life services to owners, and meet the basic needs of owners within walking distance. Encourage the use of green household appliances and reduce the use of disposable consumer goods. Encourage "part space, part time" and other green and low-carbon energy use methods, advocate turning off the lights at will, and turn off the socket power when TV, air conditioner, computer and other electrical appliances are not in use. Encourage the use of new energy vehicles and promote the construction of community charging and replacing facilities.

(6) Comprehensively improve the level of green and low-carbon buildings. We will continue to create green buildings. By 2025, new buildings in cities and towns will fully implement green building standards, and the proportion of star-rated green buildings will reach more than 30%. Newly-built public welfare buildings and large-scale public buildings invested by the government will all reach more than one star. Before 2030, the new residential buildings in severe cold and cold areas will meet the energy-saving requirements of 83%, the new residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter, hot summer and warm winter and mild areas will meet the energy-saving requirements of 75% and the new public buildings will meet the energy-saving requirements of 78%. Promote the large-scale development of low-carbon buildings and encourage the construction of zero-carbon buildings and near-zero energy-consumption buildings. Strengthen the appraisal and evaluation of energy-saving transformation, prepare the special plan for transformation, and make all changes to residential buildings with transformation value and conditions, and the energy-saving level of some transformation should reach the current standards. We will continue to promote the construction of key cities to improve the energy efficiency of public buildings. By 2030, all key cities above the prefecture level will complete the transformation tasks, and the overall energy efficiency will be improved by more than 20% after the transformation. Promote energy consumption monitoring and statistical analysis of public buildings, and gradually implement energy consumption quota management. Strengthen the operation adjustment of key energy-using equipment such as air conditioners, lighting, elevators, etc., and improve the energy efficiency of the equipment. By 2030, the overall energy efficiency of the electromechanical system of public buildings will be improved by 10% at the current level.

(seven) the construction of green low-carbon housing. Improve the quality of housing, actively develop small and medium-sized ordinary housing, and limit the development of super-large housing. According to the local climate conditions, the residential orientation, window-wall ratio and shape coefficient are reasonably determined to reduce residential energy consumption. Reasonable layout of living space, encourage large width and small depth, and make full use of sunshine and natural ventilation. Implement flexible living space design to reduce the waste of resources caused by renovation or demolition. Promote the full renovation and delivery of new residential buildings, and reduce resource consumption and environmental pollution. Actively promote the assembly decoration, implement the application technology of modular parts such as integral bathroom and kitchen, and realize the detachable and recyclable parts. Improve the maintenance level of shared facilities and equipment, and enhance the degree of intelligence. Strengthen the maintenance and management of residential common parts and prolong the service life of residential buildings.

(eight) improve the efficiency of infrastructure operation. Systematic, intelligent, eco-green construction and stable operation of infrastructure can effectively reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. We will carry out the renovation project of the old heating pipe network for more than 30 years, strengthen the replacement of insulation materials of the heating pipe network, and promote the intelligent transformation of heating stations and pipe networks. By 2030, the heat loss of urban heating pipe network will be reduced by 5 percentage points compared with 2020. We will carry out special actions to purify sidewalks and build bicycle lanes, improve the connecting facilities between urban rail transit stations and surrounding buildings, such as corridors or underground passages, increase the construction of urban bus lanes, improve the operational efficiency and service level of urban public transportation, and steadily increase the proportion of urban green transportation trips. We will fully implement waste classification, reduction and recycling, and improve the system of classified delivery, classified collection, classified transportation and classified treatment of domestic waste. By 2030, the utilization rate of urban domestic waste resources will reach 65%. Combined with the characteristics of the city, we should fully respect nature, strengthen the effective connection between urban facilities and the original ecological background such as rivers and lakes, adjust measures to local conditions, systematically promote the construction of sponge cities all over the world, and comprehensively adopt the methods of "infiltration, detention, storage, purification, use and drainage" to increase the storage and utilization of rainwater. By 2030, the average permeable area of urban built-up areas in China will reach 45%. Promote the construction of water-saving cities, implement the renovation of old urban water supply pipe networks, promote the partition measurement of pipe networks, and improve the intelligent management level of water supply pipe networks.Strive to control the leakage rate of urban public water supply network within 8% by 2030. The transformation of sewage collection and treatment facilities and the recycling of urban sewage will be implemented. By 2030, the average utilization rate of reclaimed water in cities nationwide will reach 30%. Accelerate the renovation of urban gas supply pipelines and facilities. Promote urban green lighting, strengthen the whole process management of urban lighting planning, design, construction and operation, and control excessive lighting and light pollution. By 2030, more than 80% of high-efficiency and energy-saving lamps such as LED will be used, and more than 30% of cities will have digital lighting systems. We will carry out actions to improve urban landscaping, improve the urban park system, promote the construction of greenway network in the central city and the old city, strengthen three-dimensional greening, and increase the proportion of native and local adaptive plants. By 2030, the green space rate in urban built-up areas will reach 38.9%, and the length of greenways in urban built-up areas will exceed 1 km/10,000 people.

(9) Optimize the energy consumption structure for urban construction. We will promote the integration of solar photovoltaic in buildings, and strive to achieve 50% photovoltaic coverage on the roofs of new public institutions and new factories by 2025. Promote the installation of solar photovoltaic systems on the roofs of existing public buildings. Accelerate the promotion of smart photovoltaic applications. In areas with abundant solar energy resources and buildings with stable hot water demand, actively promote the application of solar photothermal buildings. Promote the application of geothermal energy and biomass energy according to local conditions, and promote various electric heat pump technologies such as air source. By 2025, the replacement rate of renewable energy in urban buildings will reach 8%. Guide the development of building heating, domestic hot water, cooking, etc. to electrification. By 2030, building electricity will account for more than 65% of building energy consumption. Promote the comprehensive electrification of new public buildings, and the electrification ratio will reach 20% by 2030. Promote heat pump water heaters, high-efficiency electric stoves and other alternative gas products, and promote the application of high-efficiency DC appliances and equipment. Promote the application of smart microgrid, "flexible light storage", cold storage and heat storage, flexible load adjustment, virtual power plant and other technologies, give priority to the consumption of renewable energy power, and actively participate in power demand side response. Explore the intelligent group control technology of building electrical equipment, reasonably allocate the power load under the premise of meeting the power demand, and realize less capacity increase and no capacity increase. According to the existing energy infrastructure and economic affordability, the distributed cogeneration of hydrogen fuel cells is explored according to local conditions. Promote low carbonization of building heat source end, comprehensively utilize cogeneration waste heat, industrial waste heat and nuclear power waste heat,According to the actual situation around the application. Give full play to urban thermoelectric heating capacity and improve urban thermoelectric biomass coupling capacity. The municipal central heating is no longer used in buildings that lead to ultra-low energy consumption in cold areas.

(10) Promote green and low-carbon construction. Vigorously develop prefabricated buildings and promote steel residential buildings. By 2030, prefabricated buildings will account for 40% of new urban buildings in that year. Promote intelligent construction, cultivate 100 intelligent construction industrial bases by 2030, build a number of internet platforms for the construction industry, and form a series of landmark products for construction robots. Promote the precision processing and refined management of building materials in factories. By 2030, the loss rate of building materials on the construction site will be reduced by 20% compared with 2020. Strengthen the management and control of construction waste at the construction site, and by 2030, the emission of construction waste at the construction site of new buildings will not be higher than 300 tons/10,000 square meters. Actively promote energy-saving construction equipment, monitor the energy consumption of key equipment, and implement group control management for multiple similar equipment. Give priority to building materials products with green building materials certification marks, establish a mechanism for government projects to purchase green building materials, and comprehensively promote green building materials in star-rated green buildings by 2030. Encourage qualified areas to use wood and bamboo building materials. Improve the universality of prefabricated components and parts, and promote standardized, less specification and multi-combination design. Promote centralized treatment and graded utilization of construction waste, and by 2030, the resource utilization rate of construction waste will reach 55%.

Third, build green and low-carbon counties and villages

(eleven) to improve the level of green and low carbon in the county. Carry out the construction of green and low-carbon county towns, and build an intensive and economical county town pattern with pleasant scale. Make full use of natural conditions and conform to the original topography to realize the integration and coordination between the county and the natural environment. Combined with the actual implementation of the distributed layout of infrastructure combining large dispersion with small regional concentration, and the construction of green and economical infrastructure. It is necessary to strengthen the control of county construction density and intensity according to local conditions, and control the population density of county built-up areas located in ecological functional areas and major agricultural products producing areas at 0.6— 10,000 people per square kilometer, and the ratio of total building area to construction land should be controlled at 0.6— 0.8； The building height should match the fire fighting and rescue capacity. The newly-built residential buildings are mainly 6 floors, with a maximum of 18 floors. The proportion of residential buildings with 6 floors and below should not be less than 70%. If it is really necessary to build a residential building with more than 18 floors, it should be strictly and fully demonstrated, and ensure that the fire emergency and municipal supporting facilities are in place; The implementation of "narrow roads, dense road networks, small blocks", the width of the red line of roads within the county is not more than 40 meters, the area of concentrated hard land in the square is not more than 2 hectares, and the pedestrian network should be continuous and unobstructed.

(twelve) to create a natural and compact rural pattern. Reasonable layout of rural construction, protection of rural ecological environment, reduce resource and energy consumption. Carry out the construction of green and low-carbon villages to improve the rural ecological and environmental quality. The site selection of rural houses and villages should be safe and reliable, conform to the topography and protect the ecological context of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand. Encourage new rural houses to gather in villages with perfect infrastructure, superior natural conditions, complete public service facilities and beautiful landscape environment, and the rural house community will be natural, compact and orderly.

(thirteen) to promote the construction of green low-carbon rural housing. Improve the green and low-carbon design and construction level of rural houses, improve the energy efficiency level of rural houses, build a number of green rural houses by 2030, and encourage the construction of star-rated green rural houses and zero-carbon rural houses. According to the requirements of structural safety, perfect function, energy saving and carbon reduction, the relevant standards for rural housing construction are formulated and improved. Guide newly-built rural houses to implement relevant standards such as "Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Rural Residential Buildings", improve energy-saving measures for rural houses, and promote renewable energy utilization methods such as solar greenhouses according to local conditions. Promote the use of energy-efficient lighting, stoves and other facilities and equipment. Encourage the use of local materials and local materials, promote the use of green building materials, and encourage the use of prefabricated steel structures, wood structures and other construction methods. Vigorously promote rural clean heating in the northern region. Actively promote the energy-saving renovation of rural houses in the winter clean heating project in the northern region, improve the comfort of permanent rooms, and achieve an overall energy efficiency improvement of more than 30% after the renovation.

(fourteen) to promote the low carbonization of domestic waste sewage treatment. Promote rural sewage treatment, reasonably determine discharge standards, and promote the local resource utilization of rural domestic sewage. According to local conditions, we will promote the miniaturized, ecological and decentralized sewage treatment process and promote the operation mode of micro-power, low energy consumption and low cost. Promote the classified treatment of rural domestic waste, advocate the resource utilization of rural domestic waste, and reduce the output of rural domestic waste from the source.

(fifteen) to promote the application of renewable energy. Promote the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, geothermal energy, air thermal energy and biomass energy in rural gas supply, heating and power supply. Vigorously promote the installation of solar photovoltaic systems on the roofs of agricultural houses, open spaces in courtyards and agricultural facilities. Promote rural areas to further improve the level of electrification, and encourage the electrification of cooking, heating, lighting, transportation, hot water and other energy. Make full use of solar photothermal system to provide domestic hot water, and encourage the use of solar cookers and other equipment.

Fourth, strengthen safeguard measures

(sixteen) to establish and improve laws and regulations and standard measurement system. Promote the improvement of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s relevant laws and regulations in the field of urban and rural construction, establish and improve the carbon emission management system, and clarify the responsible subjects. Establish and improve the standard measurement system for energy conservation and carbon reduction, and formulate and improve standards for green buildings, zero-carbon buildings and green buildings. Encourage qualified areas to formulate mandatory standards and recommended standards for local engineering construction higher than national standards. According to the requirements of carbon emission control targets and industrial structure, all localities reasonably determine the carbon emission control targets in urban and rural construction. Establish a green and low-carbon index system for cities, counties, communities, administrative villages and residential development projects. Improve the provincial and municipal public building energy-saving supervision platform, promote the sharing of energy consumption data, and strengthen the equipment and management of measuring instruments in the construction field. Strengthen the investigation and analysis of permanent residents in cities, counties and villages.

(seventeen) to build a green and low-carbon transformation development model. With the goal of green and low carbon, we will build a development model of vertical to the end, horizontal to the edge, co-construction and co-governance, and improve the mechanism of government-led, group-driven and social participation. Establish and improve the urban physical examination and evaluation system of "one physical examination every year and one evaluation every five years". Establish an evaluation mechanism for rural construction. Using the building information model (BIM) technology and the city information model (CIM) platform, we will promote the construction of digital buildings and digital twin cities and accelerate the digital transformation of urban and rural construction. Vigorously develop energy-saving service industries, popularize contract energy management, and explore "one-stop" comprehensive service modes such as energy-saving consultation, diagnosis, design, financing, renovation and trusteeship.

(eighteen) the establishment of Industry-University-Research integration mechanism. Organize basic research, key core technology research, engineering demonstration and industrial application, and promote the coordinated development of scientific and technological research and development, achievement transformation and industrial cultivation. Integrate and optimize Industry-University-Research’s scientific and technological resources, promote the construction of high-level innovation teams and platforms, and strengthen the cultivation of innovative leading enterprises. Encourage and support leading enterprises to unite universities, research institutes, industrial parks, financial institutions and other forces to form industrial technology innovation alliances and other forms of innovation consortia. Encourage colleges and universities to set up courses related to carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and strengthen the construction of talent team.

(nineteen) improve the financial support policy. We will improve the relevant fiscal policies to support peak carbon dioxide emissions in the field of urban and rural construction and implement preferential tax policies. Improve the government procurement demand standards for green buildings and green building materials, and promote the application of green buildings and green building materials in the field of government procurement. Strengthen green financial support and encourage banking financial institutions to innovate credit products and services to support energy conservation and carbon reduction in urban and rural construction under the principle of risk control and commercial autonomy. Encourage developers to insure the quality insurance of fully decorated houses, strengthen insurance support, and give play to the risk protection role of green insurance products. Rationally open the market for urban infrastructure investment, construction and operation, and attract social capital investment by means of franchising and government purchasing services. We will improve the policies of differential electricity price, time-of-use electricity price and residential ladder electricity price, and accelerate the heating metering and charging according to the heat supply.

V. Strengthening organization and implementation

(twenty) to strengthen organizational leadership. Under the leadership of the Leading Group for Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments have strengthened cooperation and formed a joint force. All relevant departments in various regions should strengthen coordination, scientifically formulate detailed plans for the implementation of peak carbon dioxide emissions in the field of urban and rural construction, clarify tasks and objectives, and formulate a list of responsibilities.

(twenty-one) to strengthen the implementation of tasks. All relevant departments in all regions should clarify their responsibilities, implement various tasks in detail, sum up experiences and good practices in a timely manner, and solidly promote related work. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) housing and urban and rural construction, development and reform departments will report the implementation of the year to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the National Development and Reform Commission before the end of November each year.

(twenty-two) increase training and publicity. Peak carbon dioxide emissions will be carbon neutral as an important part of cadre training in the field of urban and rural construction, and the ability of green and low-carbon development will be improved. Improve the professional level of talents in planning, design, construction and operation related units and enterprises through business training, competitions and experience exchange. Intensify the publicity of outstanding projects and typical cases, and cooperate with the activities such as "National Energy Conservation Action" and "Energy Conservation Publicity Week". Compile a green living brochure, actively advocate a green and low-carbon lifestyle, mobilize all sectors of society to participate in carbon reduction actions, and form a strong atmosphere of support from all sectors of society and active participation of the masses. Carry out voluntary commitments to reduce emissions and guide the public to consciously fulfill their responsibilities of energy conservation and emission reduction.

Metal materials play an important role in the evolution of chip technology. In the process of shrinking the size of advanced processes, precious metals and their alloy materials play a key role in realizing small line width, low resistivity and high adhesion. After entering the 21st century, about 40 elements have been added to chip materials, of which about 90% are precious metals and transition metals.

Precious metal is one of the drivers of advanced chip technology. Intel has recently introduced antimony and ruthenium as metal contacts, which makes the capacitance smaller and breaks through the limitation of silicon. Previously, Intel took the lead in introducing cobalt materials into some interconnection layers of 10nm process nodes, which improved the electron mobility by 5-10 times and reduced the path resistance by 2 times.

Intel is not alone in the exploration of interconnected materials. Applied material is one of the first semiconductor technology manufacturers to use cobalt as wire material to replace traditional copper and tungsten. Grofonder also used cobalt instead of tungsten in the 7nm process. At present, Samsung and TSMC are also actively developing new interconnection materials. It is expected that in the near future, a new generation of interconnection materials, such as cobalt alloy, ruthenium and rhodium, will be on the scene, building a bridge for advanced process chips.

How to connect the roads in "Chip City"

"If a chip is compared to a city, then the transistor is its core area, which is responsible for the operation of information, and the interconnection layer is equivalent to the road of the city responsible for the traffic between information and the outside world." In an interview with the reporter of China Electronic News, Dr. Sheng Haifeng, a senior engineer of Magnesium Light, made such a vivid metaphor.

Sheng Haifeng believes that under Moore’s Law, when the transistors in the core area are getting smaller and denser, the road will become narrower and denser. When the density of the core area reaches a certain level, the transportation capacity of the road, that is, the RC delay of the interconnection layer, becomes the bottleneck of the speed improvement and power consumption reduction of the whole chip. In this case, the metal material of the interconnection layer needs to be upgraded to speed up the "road" of the transistor core area.

The continuation of Moore’s law is closely related to the evolution of interconnected materials. As the technical director, Chen Wang, a researcher from Tsinghua University, has worked for Intel and Fanlin Semiconductor, a chip equipment manufacturer, and has conducted in-depth research on high-end chip materials and advanced chip manufacturing and architecture. Chen Wang explained to the reporter of "China Electronic News" that the interconnection material is actually the wire for the interconnection and transmission of electrical signals between the front-end transistor layer and the back-end external circuit layer.

The enhancement of quantum effect is a big challenge for interconnected materials. Chen Wang told reporters that at present, the transistor has entered the sub-10nm scale in several geometric dimensions, and the quantum effect of materials has begun to be significant. If the transistor continues to be miniaturized, it will meet the challenges of materials, processes and device structures. As the core of connecting the front-end transistor layer and the outermost package ball layer, the miniaturization of interconnection materials at the middle and back ends is also facing the challenge of enhancing quantum effect.

Copper and "Damascus Process"

In the 1990s, the semiconductor manufacturing process entered the era of 0.18 micron, and the aluminum interconnection technology in the latter part met with a huge bottleneck. To this end, major semiconductor manufacturing companies in the world are looking for metals that can replace aluminum. Because copper is not expensive, has good conductivity and is easy to deposit, everyone thinks of copper in unison. However, because copper can’t be dry etched, the back-end interconnection problem can’t be solved for a long time.

In search of inspiration, an IBM engineer came to Damascus, which is known as the "garden on earth". By chance, he saw a craftsman who was engaged in metal inlaying in a remote corner.

When observing the craftsman’s mosaic technology, engineers keep seeing such scenes in their minds: carving is similar to etching, and mosaic is similar to deposition. He suddenly realized that copper can be deposited although it cannot be etched. Similar to Damascus process, engineers can etch the pattern film for metal wires on the dielectric layer first, and then fill the metal to realize multi-layer metal interconnection without etching the metal layer. In this way, the engineer successfully solved the technical problem of copper interconnection, and named this process Damascus process.

The times are progressing and the line width is shrinking. In 2018, companies such as Applied Materials used cobalt as wire material to replace traditional copper and tungsten wires in some areas.

Talking about the intergenerational changes of aluminum, copper and cobalt wires, Sheng Haifeng told reporters that copper replaces aluminum because it has better conductivity and can reduce the resistance in RC delay. In many logic chips, copper completely replaces aluminum, that is, all interconnection layers are upgraded to copper. But the substitution of cobalt for copper is different. Cobalt only has the advantage of conductivity to copper when the interconnect layer is very narrow, so cobalt only replaces copper in metal 0 layer (M0) and metal 1 layer (M1), and copper will continue to be used in other interconnect layers.

From cobalt to ruthenium and rhodium

Intel took the lead in introducing cobalt materials into some interconnection layers of 10nm process nodes, which improved the electron mobility by 5-10 times and reduced the path resistance by 2 times. The application material is one of the first semiconductor manufacturers to use cobalt as wire material to replace traditional copper and tungsten. Grofonder also used cobalt instead of tungsten in the 7nm fabrication process.

How to keep the resistivity at a low level at the scale of 20nm or even less is the core of the research and development of interconnection materials. Chen Wang said that although the introduction of cobalt has brought many problems in yield and reliability, it is a big leap in the field of interconnection materials, breaking through the existing copper material system and improving the overall performance of 10nm chips.

More importantly, the introduction of cobalt makes a good technical reserve for the later smaller node technology, and it is expected that the performance of the node will be improved more significantly after 7nm.

Interconnection materials are evolving towards ultra-thin, low resistivity, no barrier layer and low delay. At present, Samsung and TSMC are actively developing new interconnection materials. Chen Wang said that in the near future, a new generation of interconnection materials such as cobalt alloy, ruthenium and rhodium are also expected to appear.

At the same time, interconnection lines without diffusion barrier, even embedded interconnection rails under the transistor layer, are also the direction to solve the challenge of interconnection materials.

Introducing new metal materials to help advanced process

Precious metal materials play an important role in the evolution of chip technology. Chi Xiannian, an expert in semiconductor industry, told the reporter of China Electronic News that semiconductor chips are developing towards the trend of small size, high speed and low power consumption, which requires low contact resistance of contact points, good thermal stability and adhesion in a wide temperature range, and higher requirements are also put forward for lateral uniformity and thin diffusion layer.

Therefore, precious metals and their alloy materials play a key role in realizing small line width, low resistivity, high adhesion and low contact resistance in the process of shrinking the size of advanced processes.

In the process of continuous improvement of chip technology, the main challenge faced by transistors is to suppress short channel effect. Sheng Haifeng said that at this stage, the FinFET process is extended to 3nm at most. GAAFET technology is the main direction at nodes below 3nm. GAAFET mainly uses traditional materials, and the biggest challenge is process precision control.

Facing this challenge, the introduction of new metal materials is more critical. Sheng Haifeng told reporters that Samsung used lanthanum doping to improve Vt (threshold voltage). For the interconnect layer, the introduction of new materials is not only the interconnect layer metal cobalt, but also the barrier layer between the interconnect layer metal and the interconnect layer insulation layer. The function of barrier layer is to bond interconnect metal and insulating layer, and to improve the reliability of electron migration of interconnect layer. Tantalum and ruthenium are new elements that have been used and are being explored in the barrier layer.

At present, the horn of the global 2nm chip process war has sounded. In 2011, FinFET technology was introduced into 22nm node to replace planar transistor; New processes such as GAA and CFET are expected to be gradually introduced around the 3nm node.

These processes will involve a lot of material problems such as doping control and strain control. Chen Wang told reporters that at the sub-1nm node, the challenges of related materials become more and more prominent, and the quantum effect of materials will play a significant role. At that time, the quantum effect control of silicon-based materials, the atomic processing of materials and the single electron fluctuation of devices will profoundly challenge the existing material system and manufacturing technology. It is imperative to introduce new material systems, such as layered semiconductors, new principle devices and new processing technologies.

"It is reported that two-dimensional semiconductor materials are expected to help break through the advanced process of 2 nanometers due to their small size." Wan Qing, a professor at the School of Electronic Science and Engineering of Nanjing University, told the reporter of China Electronic News.

90% of the newly added chip materials are metal.

Precious metals have excellent electrical conductivity, stability and thermal conductivity, and are the key core materials in the semiconductor industry. After entering the 21st century, about 40 elements have been added to the chip materials, of which about 90% are precious metals and transition metals, which shows the importance of the application of metal materials in the chip field.

Metal materials used in the field of chip manufacturing have a higher "threshold". Chi Xiannian told reporters that the contact resistance and nano-scale adhesion should be considered in chip-level metal materials, so metals such as copper and cobalt can only be used in chip manufacturing after they are made into high-purity targets or alloy targets. At present, Hershey in Germany, Honeywell International Co., Ltd. in the United States and Tocao Co., Ltd. in Japan mainly produce chip-level copper and cobalt.

Affected by the situation in Russia and Ukraine, palladium has become one of the hottest precious metals at present. Russia’s palladium production accounts for about 40% of the global total, and palladium exports account for 35%. Palladium can be used in semiconductor components such as sensors and is also one of the important raw materials for chip packaging.

He Jinjiang, deputy general manager of Youyan Yijin New Materials Co., Ltd. told the reporter of China Electronic News that palladium and silver palladium alloy are important materials for preparing MLCC capacitors and resonators; In the packaging process of semiconductor, palladium alloy and palladium-plated wire are mainly used as wire bonding for electronic packaging instead of gold wire; In addition, palladium can be used as palladium alloy solder for precise connection of components. Based on the characteristics of palladium, new materials and applications are also being developed.

Precious metal materials have four main applications in the field of chips. Chen Wang told the reporter of China Electronic News that the first is the interconnected materials. For example, early aluminum to copper, to Al-Cu alloy and tungsten, and the latest cobalt and ruthenium under research.

The second is the metal gate material. Since Intel introduced the high dielectric-metal-gate transistor structure at the 45nm node in 2007, materials such as tantalum, tantalum nitride, titanium nitride and TiAlN have been widely used, and metal silicide contact has also undergone an evolution from titanium, cobalt and nickel to metal silicide system.

The third is metal barrier adhesion layer materials, such as titanium/titanium nitride, tantalum/tantalum nitride and other barrier adhesion layer materials commonly used in chip manufacturing and advanced packaging.

The fourth is metal materials for back-end packaging, including traditional lead-based alloys and lead-free antimony, tin, silver and indium-based alloys. In addition, the later substrate interconnection also involves a large number of precious metal materials. Among them, the nano-bottom interconnection metal, metal gate material and barrier adhesion layer material at the front end of the chip are all the frontiers of metal material research and development. Therefore, how to maintain the characteristics of high conductivity, low electromigration, uniform crystallinity, high thermal diffusivity and process integration at small scale has become the research focus of chip metal materials and the material bottleneck of the next generation of high-performance chips.

Metal price increases have little impact on chips.

Important precious metals in integrated circuits mainly include gold, silver and platinum. At present, the changes in the situation in Russia and Ukraine have had an impact on the global supply of non-ferrous metals and precious metals such as aluminum, nickel, palladium and platinum, which has led to an increase in the prices of related products and frequent fluctuations in the precious metals market. As the whole semiconductor industry chain is closed to some extent, the supply chain problem of the whole industry chain has been highlighted by the impact of COVID-19 epidemic in the early stage. Many people in the industry are worried that the fluctuation of the precious metal market is likely to further disturb the stability of the supply chain of the chip industry chain.

Precious metal is one of the important semiconductor materials, and its price fluctuation will have a certain impact on the cost of chip manufacturing. Chi Xiannian told the reporter of China Electronic News that with the fluctuation of precious metal prices, the cost of chip manufacturing will also change. For example, in the case of unstable precious metal supply chain, the purchase price of precious metals will rise accordingly, which will lead to a simultaneous increase in the price of finished chips.

However, due to the small proportion of precious metals used in chips and the small actual demand, Wan Qing believes that the fluctuation of precious metal prices has little impact on the chip industry.

Take palladium as an example. The increase in palladium price will lead to an increase in the cost of the semiconductor industry, but considering the small demand for palladium for a single semiconductor product, the increase in palladium price has little impact on enterprises with high raw material inventory water level. In addition, precious metals such as palladium can be replaced by other precious metals, so it is unlikely to face such a serious problem as supply failure.

In Chen Wang’s view, the impact of precious metal market fluctuation on the semiconductor industry chain needs to be viewed from both short-term and long-term perspectives. Chen Wang told reporters that the overall cost of the chip lies in the manufacturing cost, which mainly comes from the process cost. Precious metals are indispensable in chip manufacturing. If the international unstable factors are increasing, the shortage of a certain key metal material will continue to impact the chip price in the short term. However, due to the relatively low proportion of precious metals in the overall material consumption and cost of the chip industry, the fluctuation of precious metal prices has limited impact on the chip industry chain in the short term.

In the long run, the post-epidemic era and the continuous changes in the situation in Russia and Ukraine may bring some potential unstable factors. Chen Wang believes that the chip’s long supply chain characteristics also determine its own vulnerability. Unstable factors caused by the complex international situation may further test the chip-related industrial chain, such as affecting the layout and integration of materials, equipment and design industrial chains in the chip industry, and adversely affecting the layout and breakthrough of overall industrial optimization.

The superposition of various factors, such as the COVID-19 epidemic, makes the semiconductor supply chain in a relatively unstable state as a whole. Sheng Haifeng told the China Electronic News that the situation in Russia and Ukraine will definitely have an impact on the semiconductor supply chain, but this impact may not be limited to precious metals. For example, Ukraine is the main supplier of neon, and the complicated changes in the situation in Russia and Ukraine may affect the supply of neon. (Reporter Zhang Yiyi)

The "flagship SUV of family wisdom" was officially released on April 16th. Since the booking was started, it took only one month for the M8 to achieve a bright result of over 100,000 units. Undoubtedly, its Celeste super extended range system will once again lead the new luxury car market.

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Since 2016, Cyrus has taken the lead in laying out extended-range technology and continuously carrying out innovative iterations. The new generation of Celestial super extended range system is based on "C2E extended range architecture" and "RoboREX intelligent control technology", which has three advantages: quietness, high integration and high efficiency. Under the attack of Celestial technical team, the oil-electricity conversion rate of the system exceeds 3.65kWh/L, that is, one liter of oil can generate 3.6 kWh, and the thermal efficiency is as high as 44.8%, which is at the leading level of mass production range extender in the industry.

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Not only is the efficiency leading, but NVH, the Celeste super extended range system, is also excellent. In 2023, Cyrus first incorporated "NVH performance" into the range extender measurement standard to create a quiet and comfortable travel experience for users. Now, it has established a test system with sound quality as the core, and built the ability to predict the user’s sound quality perception in a second level to ensure 100% NVH consistency. As a result, the new generation of Celes super extended range system has also achieved better quietness. Through the intelligent control technology of RoboREX enabled by AI, the perceived noise frequency of the range extender is reduced by 90%, giving the product a quiet and senseless luxury cockpit texture.

Not long ago, China Automobile Research Institute and China Quality Certification Center jointly awarded Sailis the first batch of "Star of Comprehensive Performance of Passenger Car Extender" certificates in the automobile industry, with the certificate number of 001. This certification is based on the first "Comprehensive Performance Test and Evaluation Regulation of Passenger Car Range Extender" in China. Under the three-dimensional evaluation system of energy efficiency coefficient, mass and energy density and NVH performance, the new generation Celes super range-extending system has successfully passed a series of rigorous tests, and has become a practical representative of China’s new energy automobile industry to achieve "quality leadership".

It is believed that with the official listing of the M8, more technical details will be revealed, and its Celeste super extended range system is expected to further consolidate its leading position in the field of new energy.

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