National Emergency Plan for Natural Disaster Relief

(Revised on October 16th, 2011)

　

　

one　general rules

1.1 　Compilation purpose

Establish and improve the rescue system and operation mechanism to deal with sudden major natural disasters, standardize emergency rescue behaviors, improve emergency rescue capabilities, minimize people’s lives and property losses, and maintain social stability in disaster areas.

1.2 　basis of compilation

People’s Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Response Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Flood Control Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Meteorological Law, Regulations on Natural Disaster Relief, National Overall Emergency Plan for Public Emergencies, etc.

1.3　area of application

The natural disasters mentioned in this plan mainly include drought and flood disasters, meteorological disasters such as typhoon, hail, snow and sandstorm, volcanic and earthquake disasters, geological disasters such as mountain collapse, landslide and debris flow, marine disasters such as storm surge and tsunami, forest and grassland fires and major biological disasters.

After the occurrence of natural disasters, the local people’s governments at all levels shall, as appropriate, start the emergency plan for natural disaster relief at the corresponding level. If the response start conditions of this plan are met, this plan will be started.

In case of other types of emergencies, emergency rescue work can be carried out according to this plan as needed.

1.4 　Working principle

(oneAdhere to the people-oriented principle and ensure the basic livelihood of the affected people.

(2Adhere to unified leadership, comprehensive coordination, graded responsibility and territorial management.

(threeAdhere to government leadership, social mutual assistance, and self-help for victims, and give full play to the role of grassroots mass autonomous organizations and public welfare social organizations.

2　Organization and command system

2.1　National disaster reduction Committee

The National Disaster Reduction Committee (hereinafter referred to as the National Disaster Reduction Committee) is the national comprehensive coordination body for natural disaster relief, responsible for organizing and leading the national natural disaster relief work, and coordinating and carrying out particularly serious and major natural disaster relief activities. The member units of the National Disaster Reduction Committee shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, do a good job in the relevant work of natural disaster relief throughout the country. The office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee is responsible for communicating with relevant departments and localities, organizing disaster consultation and assessment, disaster relief and other work, and coordinating the implementation of relevant support measures.

2.2　committee of experts

The National Disaster Reduction Committee has set up an expert committee to provide policy advice and suggestions on major decisions and important plans of national disaster reduction and relief work, and to provide advice on disaster assessment, emergency rescue and post-disaster relief of major national natural disasters.

three　contingency reserve

3.1　Fund preparation

The Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Development and Reform Commission and other departments, according to the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Regulations on Natural Disaster Relief and other provisions, arrange the central disaster relief fund budget, and establish and improve the central and local disaster relief fund sharing mechanism according to the principle of graded responsibility for disaster relief work and graded burden of disaster relief funds, and urge local governments to increase investment in disaster relief funds.

3.1.1　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate natural disaster relief into the national economic and social development plan, establish and improve the fund and material guarantee mechanism that is compatible with the needs of natural disaster relief, and incorporate natural disaster relief funds and natural disaster relief funds into the fiscal budget.

3.1.2　Every year, the central government comprehensively considers factors such as the disaster prediction of relevant departments and the actual expenditure of the previous year, and rationally arranges the central natural disaster living allowance funds to be used exclusively to help solve the basic living difficulties of the people affected by particularly serious and major natural disasters.

3.1.3　The central and local governments should adjust natural disaster relief policies and related subsidy standards in a timely manner according to the level of economic and social development, the cost of living assistance for natural disasters and the arrangement of local disaster relief funds.

3.1.4 　When the disaster relief budget funds are insufficient, the central and local governments at all levels will ensure the living assistance needs of the affected people through reserve funds.

3.2 　Material preparation

3.2.1　Rational planning, construction of central and local disaster relief material reserves, improve the storage conditions, facilities and functions of disaster relief material reserves, and form a disaster relief material reserve network. The people’s governments at or above the municipal level and the people’s governments at or above the county level in areas prone to natural disasters shall, according to the characteristics of natural disasters, the number and distribution of residents, and in accordance with the principle of reasonable layout and moderate scale, set up a disaster relief material reserve.

3.2.2　Formulate a plan for disaster relief materials reserve, and reasonably determine the variety and scale of the reserve; Establish and improve the procurement and reserve system of disaster relief materials, and reserve necessary materials every year according to the requirements of dealing with major natural disasters. In accordance with the principle of combining physical reserves with capacity reserves, establish a directory of manufacturers of disaster relief materials and improve the emergency procurement and supply mechanism.

3.2.3　Formulate and improve the technical standards for the quality of disaster relief materials, the standards for the construction and management of reserves, and improve the national disaster relief materials reserve management information system. Establish and improve the emergency support and compensation mechanism for disaster relief materials. Establish and improve the emergency allocation and transportation system of disaster relief materials.

3.3 　Communication and information preparation

3.3.1　Communication operation departments should ensure the smooth transmission of disasters according to law. The natural disaster relief information network should be based on the public communication network, and a special communication network for disasters should be set up reasonably to ensure the smooth flow of information.

3.3.2 　Strengthen the construction of disaster management system at the central level, guide the local construction and management of disaster relief communication networks, and ensure that the central and local people’s governments at all levels timely and accurately grasp major disasters.

3.3.3 　Make full use of existing resources and equipment, improve the sharing platform of disaster and data products, and improve the disaster sharing mechanism between departments.

3.4 　Preparation of equipment and facilities

The relevant departments of the central government should be equipped with the necessary equipment and equipment for disaster relief management. The people’s governments at or above the county level shall establish and improve the technical support system for emergency command of natural disaster relief, and provide necessary transportation, communication and other equipment for natural disaster relief work.

The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, according to the number and distribution of local residents, make use of public facilities such as parks, squares, stadiums, etc., make overall plans to set up emergency shelters, and set up obvious signs.

3.5 　Preparation of human resources

3.5.1 　Strengthen the construction of professional rescue teams for natural disasters and civil disaster management personnel, and improve the ability of natural disaster relief. Cultivate, develop and guide relevant social organizations and volunteer teams, and encourage them to play an active role in disaster relief.

3.5.2 　Organize experts in civil affairs, land and resources, water conservancy, agriculture, commerce, health, safety supervision, forestry, earthquake, meteorology, oceanography, surveying and mapping, etc., focusing on disaster consultation, on-site assessment in disaster areas and business consultation on disaster management.

3.5.3 　The implementation of disaster information personnel training and professional qualification certificate system, establish and improve the disaster information personnel team covering the central, provincial, municipal, county, township (street) and village (community, neighborhood). Villagers’ committees, residents’ committees and enterprises and institutions shall set up full-time or part-time disaster information officers.

3.6 　Social mobilization preparation

We will improve the policies related to the management of disaster relief donations, establish and improve the mobilization, operation, supervision and management mechanism of disaster relief donations, and standardize the work of all aspects of disaster relief donations, such as organization and launch, receipt, statistics, distribution, use, publicity and feedback.

Improve the aid counterpart support mechanism for non-disaster areas to support disaster areas and light disaster areas to support heavy disaster areas.

3.7　Science and technology preparation

3.7.1　Establish and improve earth monitoring systems such as satellite constellation, environmental satellite, meteorological satellite, marine satellite, resource satellite and aerial remote sensing, develop ground application system and aviation platform system, and establish disaster monitoring and early warning, analysis and evaluation and emergency decision support system based on remote sensing, geographic information system, simulation and computer network. Carry out demonstration and training of local space technology for disaster reduction.

3.7.2　Organize experts in civil affairs, land resources, water conservancy, agriculture, health, safety supervision, forestry, earthquake, meteorology, oceanography, surveying and mapping, Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc. to carry out disaster risk investigation, compile national natural disaster risk zoning map, and formulate relevant technical and management standards.

3.7.3　Support and encourage institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutes, enterprises, institutions and social organizations to carry out scientific research and technological development in disaster-related fields, establish cooperation mechanisms, and encourage theoretical research on disaster reduction and relief policies.

3.7.4　Use international cooperation mechanisms such as the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, the United Nations Disaster Management and the Space-based Information Platform to expand the channels of disaster remote sensing information resources and strengthen international cooperation.

3.7.5　We will carry out research on technologies and standards related to national emergency broadcasting, establish a national emergency broadcasting system, and provide comprehensive three-dimensional coverage of disaster early warning and forecasting and disaster reduction and relief information.Accelerate the construction of the national public emergency early warning information release system and release the early warning of natural disasters to the public in a timely manner.

3.8 　Publicity and training

Organize nationwide publicity activities on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, use various media to publicize disaster knowledge, publicize disaster emergency laws and regulations and common sense of prevention, hedging, disaster avoidance, self-help, mutual rescue and insurance, and organize activities such as "Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day", "International Disaster Reduction Day", "National Science Popularization Day", "National Fire Prevention Day" and "International Civil Defence Day" to enhance citizens’ awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation. Actively promote community disaster reduction activities and promote the construction of disaster reduction demonstration communities.

Organize the training of local government leaders, disaster management personnel, professional emergency rescue teams, non-governmental organizations and volunteers.

four　information management

4.1　early warninginformation

Meteorological disaster warning information from the Bureau of Meteorology, flood and drought warning information from the Ministry of Water Resources, earthquake trend prediction information from the Seismological Bureau, geological disaster warning information from the Ministry of Land and Resources, marine disaster warning information from the Oceanic Administration, forest fire and forestry biological disaster warning information from the Forestry Bureau, grassland fire and biological disaster warning information from the Ministry of Agriculture, and geographic information data from the Surveying and Mapping Bureau shall be reported to the Office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee in a timely manner.

The Office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee conducts analysis and evaluation according to the disaster early warning and forecasting information provided by relevant departments, combined with the natural conditions, population and socio-economic conditions in the early warning area, and promptly starts the early warning response of disaster relief, and informs relevant departments of the State Council and relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).

4.2　Disaster management

The civil affairs departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall collect, summarize, analyze and report disaster information in accordance with the Statistical System of Natural Disasters formulated by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the National Bureau of Statistics.

4.2.1　For sudden natural disasters, the civil affairs department of the people’s government at the county level shall, after the disaster.2Report the disaster situation and disaster relief work in this administrative area to the civil affairs department of the municipal people’s government within hours; The civil affairs departments of municipal and provincial people’s governments are receiving disaster information.2Review and summarize within hours and report to the civil affairs department of the people’s government at the next higher level.

The civil affairs department of the people’s government at the county level shall be responsible for the deaths (including missing persons) in this administrative area.10Natural disasters with more than one person or a large number of houses collapsed, large areas of farmland were affected and other serious losses should be taken after the disaster.2At the same time, report to the civil affairs department of the provincial people’s government and the Ministry of Civil Affairs within hours. After receiving the disaster report, the Ministry of Civil Affairs2Report to the State Council within hours.

4.2.2　The civil affairs departments of local people’s governments at all levels shall implement the disaster situation before the disaster situation of particularly serious and major natural disasters is stabilized.24Hourly zero reporting system; The civil affairs department of the provincial people’s government every daytwelveReport the disaster to the Ministry of Civil Affairs before. After the disaster is stable, the civil affairs department of the provincial people’s government should10Review and summarize disaster data within days and report to the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

4.2.3　For drought disasters, the civil affairs departments of local people’s governments at all levels should make a preliminary report when the drought first appears and people’s production and life are affected to some extent; In the process of drought development, every10Continue to report once a day until the disaster is relieved and reported to the nuclear newspaper.

4.2.4　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall establish and improve the disaster consultation system, and the Disaster Reduction Committee or the civil affairs department shall organize relevant disaster-related departments to hold disaster consultation meetings regularly or irregularly to comprehensively and objectively evaluate and verify disaster data.

five　Early warning response

5.1　Starting condition

Relevant departments release early warning and forecasting information of natural disasters, and there are situations that may threaten people’s lives and property safety, affect basic life, and need to take countermeasures in advance.

5.2　initiator

The office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee decides to start the disaster early warning response according to the disaster early warning information issued by the relevant departments.

5.3　Early warning response measures

After the early warning response was started, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee immediately started the working mechanism to organize and coordinate the early warning response. Take one or more of the following measures as appropriate:

(oneTimely report to the leaders of the National Disaster Reduction Committee and the member units of the National Disaster Reduction Committee and release the start of early warning response to the society; Send disaster warning response information to relevant provinces and put forward disaster relief requirements.

(2) strengthen the duty, according to the disaster monitoring and early warning information released by the relevant departments to analyze and evaluate the possible losses caused by disasters.

(three) Inform the relevant central disaster relief material reserve to prepare for disaster relief materials, start the emergency linkage mechanism with transportation, railways, civil aviation and other departments, prepare for the dispatch of disaster relief materials, and allocate them in advance in case of emergency.

(four) Send an early warning and response working group to learn about the disaster risk on the spot and check the disaster relief preparation and response.

(five) Report the early warning response to the State Council in time.

(sixDo a good job in all preparations for launching emergency response to disaster relief.

5.4　Early warning response termination

After the disaster risk is released or evolved into a disaster, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee decides to terminate the early warning response.

six 　emergency response

According to the degree of harm of natural disasters and other factors, the National Disaster Reduction Committee has set four national emergency response levels for natural disaster relief. Level I response is organized and led by the director of the National Disaster Reduction Committee; Level II response is organized and coordinated by the Deputy Director of the National Disaster Reduction Committee (Minister of Civil Affairs); Level III response is organized and coordinated by the Secretary General of the National Disaster Reduction Committee; The level IV response is organized and coordinated by the Office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee. The member units of the National Disaster Reduction Committee shall earnestly perform their duties according to the needs of each response level.

6.1　Class I response

6.1.1　Starting condition

(oneIn the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), a particularly serious natural disaster occurs, and one of the following circumstances occurs during a disaster:

a.die200More than one person;

b.Emergency transfer and resettlement or need emergency life assistance100More than ten thousand people;

c.Collapse and serious damage to housestwentyMore than ten thousand rooms;

d.Drought disasters have caused difficulties in life such as lack of food or water, and the number of people who need government assistance accounts for the population of agriculture and animal husbandry.thirty percentAbove, orfour hundredMore than ten thousand people.

(2Other matters decided by the State Council.

6.1.2　initiator

After the disaster, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee determined that the disaster reached the start-up standard after analysis and evaluation, and put forward suggestions to the National Disaster Reduction Committee to enter the level I response; The National Disaster Reduction Committee decided to enter the level I response state.

6.1.3　Response measures

The National Disaster Reduction Committee shall lead and organize the disaster reduction and relief work of natural disasters in a unified way.

(oneThe National Disaster Reduction Committee presided over the consultation, with the participation of the member units of the National Disaster Reduction Committee, the expert committee of the National Disaster Reduction Committee and the affected provinces, and made decisions on major issues in disaster relief.

(2The National Disaster Reduction Committee led the relevant departments to go to the disaster area to guide the natural disaster relief work.

(three) The Office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee organizes disaster consultation, uniformly releases the disaster situation in accordance with relevant regulations, and timely releases the needs of the disaster areas. The relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, earnestly do a good job in disaster monitoring, early warning, forecasting and news propaganda. When necessary, the expert committee of the National Disaster Reduction Committee shall organize experts to conduct real-time assessment.

(fourAccording to the local application and the verification of the disaster situation by the relevant departments, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Civil Affairs timely allocated the central natural disaster living allowance funds. The Ministry of Civil Affairs urgently allocates living relief materials for disaster areas, guides and supervises the implementation of emergency measures for disaster relief at the grassroots level and the distribution of disaster relief funds and materials; Transportation, railways, civil aviation and other departments should strengthen the organization and coordination of disaster relief materials transportation and do a good job in transportation guarantee.

(five) The Ministry of Public Security is responsible for the social security work in the disaster areas, assisting in organizing the emergency transfer of people in the disaster areas, and participating in and cooperating with relevant disaster relief work. The General Staff Department and the Armed Police Headquarters shall, at the request of relevant state departments and local people’s governments, organize and coordinate troops, armed police, militia and reserve forces to participate in disaster relief, and assist local people’s governments in transporting, unloading and distributing relief materials when necessary.

(sixThe Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Commerce and the Grain Bureau ensure market supply and price stability. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organizes basic telecom operators to do a good job in emergency communication support, and organizes and coordinates the production and supply of rescue equipment, protective and disinfectant supplies, medicines and so on. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development guides the quality and safety appraisal of post-disaster houses and municipal public infrastructure. The Ministry of Health promptly organized medical and health teams to go to the disaster areas to assist in medical treatment, health and disease prevention and psychological assistance.

(sevenThe Ministry of Civil Affairs organizes cross-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) or national disaster relief donation activities as appropriate, appeals for international disaster relief assistance, and uniformly receives, manages and distributes international disaster relief donations. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs assists in foreign-related disaster relief. The China Red Cross Society carries out fund-raising activities for disaster relief according to law, and participates in disaster relief and treatment of the wounded.

(eight) After the disaster situation is stable, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee will organize the assessment, verification and unified release of natural disaster losses according to relevant regulations, carry out social and psychological impact assessment of disasters, and organize post-disaster relief and psychological assistance as needed.

(nineOther members of the National Disaster Reduction Committee shall do a good job in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

6.1.4　Response termination

After the emergency work of disaster relief, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee put forward a proposal, and the National Disaster Reduction Committee decided to terminate the level I response.

6.1.5　The State Council unified organization to carry out disaster relief, according to the relevant provisions.

6.2 　Class Ⅱ response

6.2.1　Starting condition

(one) within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), a major natural disaster occurs, and one of the following circumstances occurs during a disaster:

a.die100More than one person,200Below people;

b.Emergency transfer and resettlement or need emergency life assistance80More than ten thousand people,100Less than ten thousand people;

c.Collapse and serious damage to houses15More than ten thousand rooms,twentyLess than ten thousand rooms;

d.Drought disasters have caused difficulties in life such as lack of food or water, and the number of people who need government assistance accounts for the population of agriculture and animal husbandry.25%Above, or300More than ten thousand people.

(2Other matters decided by the State Council.

6.2.2　initiator

After the disaster, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee, after analysis and evaluation, determined that the disaster reached the start-up standard and proposed to the National Disaster Reduction Committee to enter the second-level response; The deputy director of the National Disaster Reduction Committee (Minister of Civil Affairs) decided to enter the level II response state.

6.2.3　Response measures

The Deputy Director of the National Disaster Reduction Committee (Minister of Civil Affairs) shall organize and coordinate the natural disaster relief work.

(oneThe deputy director of the National Disaster Reduction Committee presided over the meeting, with the participation of member units of the National Disaster Reduction Committee, experts of the National Disaster Reduction Committee and relevant affected provinces, to analyze the situation in the disaster areas and study and implement disaster relief support measures for the disaster areas.

(2) The the State Council Disaster Relief Working Group, led by the Deputy Director of the National Disaster Reduction Committee or the leader of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and attended by relevant departments, was sent to the disaster area to express condolences to the affected people, verify the disaster situation and guide local relief work.

(threeThe office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee keeps close contact with the disaster area and keeps abreast of the dynamic information of the disaster situation and disaster relief work; Organize disaster consultation, uniformly release the disaster situation in accordance with relevant regulations, and timely release the needs of disaster areas. The relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, earnestly do a good job in disaster monitoring, early warning, forecasting and news propaganda. When necessary, the expert committee of the National Disaster Reduction Committee shall organize experts to conduct real-time assessment.

(fourAccording to the local application and the verification of the disaster situation by the relevant departments, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Civil Affairs timely allocated the central natural disaster living allowance funds. The Ministry of Civil Affairs urgently allocates living relief materials for disaster areas, guides and supervises the implementation of emergency measures for disaster relief at the grassroots level and the distribution of disaster relief funds and materials; Transportation, railways, civil aviation and other departments should strengthen the organization and coordination of disaster relief materials transportation and do a good job in transportation guarantee. According to the needs, the health department promptly dispatched medical and health teams to the disaster areas to assist in medical treatment, health and disease prevention and psychological assistance.

(fiveThe Ministry of Civil Affairs announces the acceptance of disaster relief donations to the public as appropriate, and organizes cross-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) or national disaster relief donation activities. The Red Cross Society of China carries out fund-raising activities for disaster relief according to law, and participates in disaster relief and treatment of the wounded.

(six) After the disaster situation is stable, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee will organize the assessment, verification and unified release of natural disaster losses according to relevant regulations, carry out social and psychological impact assessment of disasters, and organize post-disaster relief and psychological assistance as needed.

(sevenOther members of the National Disaster Reduction Committee shall do a good job in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

6.2.4 　Response termination

After the emergency work of disaster relief, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee proposes to terminate it, and the deputy director of the National Disaster Reduction Committee (Minister of Civil Affairs) decides to terminate the level II response.

6.3　Class Ⅲ response

6.3.1　Starting condition

(one) within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), a major natural disaster occurs, and one of the following circumstances occurs during a disaster:

a.die50More than one person,100Below people;

b.Emergency transfer and resettlement or need emergency life assistancethirtyMore than ten thousand people, 80Less than ten thousand people;

c.Collapse and serious damage to houses10More than ten thousand rooms,15Less than 10,000 rooms;

d.Drought disasters have caused difficulties in life such as lack of food or water, and the number of people who need government assistance accounts for the population of agriculture and animal husbandry.20%Above, or200More than ten thousand people.

(2Other matters decided by the State Council.

6.3.2　initiator

After the disaster, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee determined that the disaster reached the start-up standard after analysis and evaluation, and proposed to the National Disaster Reduction Committee to enter the level III response; The Secretary-General of the National Disaster Reduction Committee decided to enter the level III response state.

6.3.3　Response measures

The Secretary General of the National Disaster Reduction Committee shall organize and coordinate the natural disaster relief work.

(oneThe office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee timely organized relevant departments and affected provinces to hold meetings and chambers of commerce to analyze the situation in the disaster areas and study and implement disaster relief support measures for the disaster areas.

(2A joint working group led by the leaders of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and attended by relevant departments was sent to the disaster area to express condolences to the affected people, verify the disaster situation, and help guide the local disaster relief work.

(threeThe office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee keeps close contact with the disaster areas, and timely grasps and uniformly releases the dynamic information of the disaster situation and disaster relief work in accordance with relevant regulations. Relevant departments organize and lead the news propaganda work.

(fourAccording to the local application and the verification of the disaster situation by the relevant departments, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Civil Affairs timely allocated the central natural disaster living allowance funds. The Ministry of Civil Affairs urgently allocates living relief materials for disaster areas, guides and supervises the implementation of emergency measures for disaster relief at the grassroots level and the distribution of disaster relief funds and materials; Transportation, railways, civil aviation and other departments should strengthen the organization and coordination of disaster relief materials transportation and do a good job in transportation guarantee. The Ministry of Health guides the affected provinces to do a good job in medical treatment, health and disease prevention and psychological assistance.

(fiveAfter the disaster is stable, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee will guide the affected provinces to assess and verify the losses of natural disasters, and carry out social and psychological impact assessment of disasters as needed, and organize post-disaster relief and psychological assistance.

(sixOther members of the National Disaster Reduction Committee shall do a good job in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

6.3.4　Response termination

After the emergency work of disaster relief, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee put forward a proposal, and the Secretary General of the National Disaster Reduction Committee decided to terminate the level III response.

6.4　Class ⅳ response

6.4.1　Starting condition

(one) within the administrative area of a province (autonomous region or municipality), a major natural disaster occurs, and one of the following circumstances occurs during a disaster:

a.diethirtyMore than one person,50Below people;

b.Emergency transfer and resettlement or need emergency life assistance10More than ten thousand people,thirtyLess than ten thousand people;

c.Collapsed houses and severely damaged housesoneMore than ten thousand rooms,10Less than 10,000 rooms;

d.Drought disasters have caused difficulties in life such as lack of food or water, and the number of people who need government assistance accounts for the population of agriculture and animal husbandry.15%Above, or100More than ten thousand people.

(2Other matters decided by the State Council.

6.4.2　initiator

After the disaster, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee determined that the disaster reached the start-up standard after analysis and evaluation, and the executive deputy director of the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee decided to enter the level IV response state.

　　 6.4.3　Response measures

The Office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee shall organize and coordinate the natural disaster relief work.

(oneThe office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee organizes relevant departments to hold meetings and chambers of commerce as appropriate to analyze the situation in the disaster areas and study and implement disaster relief support measures for the disaster areas.

(2The office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee sent a working group to the disaster area to express condolences to the affected people, verify the disaster situation and guide the local disaster relief work.

(threeThe office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee keeps close contact with the disaster areas, and timely grasps and uniformly releases the dynamic information of the disaster situation and disaster relief work in accordance with relevant regulations.

(fourAccording to the local application and the verification of the disaster situation by the relevant departments, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Civil Affairs timely allocated the central natural disaster living allowance funds. The Ministry of Civil Affairs urgently allocates living relief materials for disaster areas, guides and supervises the implementation of emergency measures for disaster relief at the grassroots level and the distribution of disaster relief funds and materials. The Ministry of Health guides the affected provinces to do a good job in medical treatment, health and disease prevention and psychological assistance.

(fiveOther members of the National Disaster Reduction Committee shall do a good job in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

6.4.4 　Termination of response

After the emergency work of disaster relief, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee decides to terminate the level IV response and report to the Secretary General of the National Disaster Reduction Committee.

6.5 　Information distribution

Information release adheres to the principles of seeking truth from facts, timeliness, accuracy, openness and transparency. The forms of information release include authorized release, organizing reports, accepting interviews with reporters, holding press conferences, and publishing on key news websites or government websites.

Before the disaster is stabilized, the Disaster Reduction Committee of the people’s government in the affected area or the civil affairs department shall timely release to the public the situation of casualties, property losses and natural disaster relief work dynamics and effectiveness, and the next steps.

After the disaster situation is stable, the people’s governments at or above the county level in the affected areas or the comprehensive coordination agencies for natural disaster relief and emergency response of the people’s governments shall assess, verify and release the natural disaster losses according to the relevant provisions.

6.6　Other cases

For special circumstances such as areas with particularly weak rescue capacity, the criteria for starting the national emergency response to natural disasters can be adjusted as appropriate.

seven　Post-disaster relief and recovery and reconstruction

7.1　Transitional life assistance

7.1.1　After the occurrence of major and particularly major disasters, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee organized relevant departments, experts and civil affairs departments in disaster areas to assess the needs of transitional life assistance in disaster areas.

7.1.2　The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Civil Affairs timely allocated transitional life assistance funds. The Ministry of Civil Affairs guides the people’s governments in disaster areas to do a good job in personnel verification and fund distribution for transitional relief.

7.1.3　The Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Finance supervise and inspect the implementation of policies and measures for transitional life assistance in disaster areas, regularly inform the relief work in disaster areas, and organize personnel to conduct performance evaluation after the transitional life assistance work.

7.2　Winter and spring rescue

In the winter of the year and the spring of the following year after natural disasters, the people’s governments in the affected areas provide basic living assistance for the affected people who have difficulties in living.

7.2.1 　The Ministry of Civil Affairs organizes all localities tonineAt the end of last month, we began to investigate the living difficulties of people affected by winter and spring.In conjunction with the civil affairs department of the provincial people’s government, organize relevant experts to go to the disaster area to evaluate the living difficulties of the affected people and verify the situation.

7.2.2 　The civil affairs department of the people’s government at the county level in the disaster-stricken areas shall10Before the end of the month, make statistics and assessment on the basic living difficulties and needs of the disaster victims in the administrative area in the winter of the current year and the spring of the following year, verify the relief objects, and prepare work accounts.Formulate a rescue plan, organize its implementation after approval by the people’s government at the same level, and report it to the civil affairs department of the people’s government at the next higher level for the record.

7.2.3　According to the request report of the provincial people’s government or the civil affairs and finance departments, combined with the disaster assessment, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Finance determined the fund subsidy scheme, and allocated the central natural disaster living subsidy funds in time to help solve the basic living difficulties of the affected people in winter and spring, such as eating, dressing and heating.

7.2.4 　The Ministry of Civil Affairs has solved the problem of winter clothes and quilts for the affected people through disaster relief donations, counterpart support and government procurement, and organized relevant departments and experts to evaluate the performance of the mid-term and final relief work during the winter and spring period. Development and reform, finance, agriculture and other departments have implemented the policy of "work for relief" and "disaster relief", and the food sector has ensured food supply.

7.3 　Restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses

The county (city, district) people’s government is responsible for organizing the implementation of the restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses due to disasters, respecting the wishes of the masses and giving priority to the self-construction of affected households. Housing funds can be solved through government assistance, social mutual assistance, neighborhood helpers, work-for-relief, self-lending, preferential policies and other ways. Reconstruction planning and housing design should be based on local conditions, scientific and rational layout, and fully consider disaster factors.

7.3.1 　The Ministry of Civil Affairs shall, according to the approval of the civil affairs department of the provincial people’s government, organize an assessment team as appropriate, and refer to the assessment data of other disaster management departments to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the housing damage caused by disasters.

7.3.2 　Ministry of Civil AffairsAfter receiving the application report of subsidy funds for the restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses in the affected provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), according to the evaluation results of the evaluation team on the situation of damaged houses, and according to the subsidy standards for the restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses in the central government, the financial subsidy suggestions are put forward, which will be issued after being examined by the Ministry of Finance.

7.3.3　housingAfter the reconstruction work, the local civil affairs departments at all levels should take the form of on-the-spot investigation and sampling survey to carry out performance evaluation on the management of subsidy funds for local damaged housing restoration and reconstruction, and report the evaluation results to the civil affairs department at the next higher level. After receiving the performance evaluation report from the civil affairs department of the provincial people’s government, the Ministry of Civil Affairs conducted a performance evaluation on the management of subsidy funds for the restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses nationwide by forming an inspection team to conduct spot checks.

7.3.4Housing and urban-rural construction department is responsible for the loss.Housing restorationTechnical support and quality supervision of reconstruction. Other relevant departments shall, according to their respective responsibilities, do a good job in reconstruction planning and site selection, formulate preferential policies, and support them.housingReconstruction work.

7.3.5　The restoration and reconstruction organized by the State Council Unity shall be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations.

eight 　supplementary provisions

8.1　Supervision of natural disaster relief funds and materials

Establish and improve the supervision and coordination mechanism of special funds for disaster relief with the participation of supervision, auditing, finance, civil affairs and finance departments. Civil affairs and financial departments at all levels conduct special inspections on the management and use of disaster relief funds, especially the distribution of funds at the grassroots level, and track the effectiveness.All relevant regions and departments should cooperate with the supervision and auditing departments to supervise and inspect the management and use of disaster relief funds and donations.

8.2　International communication and cooperation

Actively carry out international disaster relief exchanges, learn from the experience of disaster relief work in developed countries, and further improve the prevention and disposal of natural disasters in China.

8.3　Reward and responsibility

To commend and reward advanced collectives and individuals who have made outstanding contributions in natural disaster relief work in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state; For those who have made outstanding performance and sacrificed in natural disaster relief work, they shall ratify the martyrs according to relevant regulations; Those who neglect their duties in natural disaster relief work and cause losses, seriously falsely report or conceal the disaster, shall be investigated for the responsibility of the parties concerned in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the state, and shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law if the case constitutes a crime.

8.4　Plan exercise

The office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee cooperates with the member units of the National Disaster Reduction Committee to formulate emergency drills and organize drills regularly.

8.5　Plan management and update

This plan is managed by the Office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee. After the implementation of the plan, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee shall timely convene relevant departments and experts to evaluate, and make corresponding changes according to the situation and report to the State Council for approval. The comprehensive coordination agencies for natural disaster relief of local people’s governments at all levels shall revise the emergency plan for regional natural disaster relief according to this plan.

8.6 　Formulation and interpretation department

This plan is formulated by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and implemented after being approved by the State Council. The General Office of the State Council is responsible for the interpretation.

8.7　Effective time of the plan

　　 This plan shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

　　The Yangtze River rolls eastward into the sea, running through Jiangsu and dividing it into north and south. Northern Jiangsu, one of the most complicated regional concepts in China, has multiple meanings such as politics, economy, society and culture. It was born soon, but it has far-reaching influence. Around the division of northern Jiangsu, there is no agreement, and there has been endless debate so far; The impression of northern Jiangsu is rigid and often linked to poverty.

　　An evolution history of northern Jiangsu, a rise and fall song of Huai ‘an. Standing at a brand-new historical starting point focusing on building a "green highland, a new hub city" and building a modern central city in the northern part of the Yangtze River Delta in an all-round way, we need to look back on the past lives in northern Jiangsu and re-recognize this life in northern Jiangsu.

Photo by He Jinghua

　　A recent geographical term

　　The word "northern Jiangsu" is not far away. On March 12, 1903, the words "Northern Jiangsu steamship" appeared on a steamship timetable, which was the name of a steamship of the German Chanchenhang steamship company — — It can be seen that the concept of northern Jiangsu has already appeared at that time.

　　On March 16th, 1912, in Shenbao, northern Jiangsu appeared as a specific area in the article "The Famine Situation in China Announced by President Tahoe": "Every time the Yangtze River Basin and several rivers in northern Jiangsu were flooded, it was worth the hardships and rains for months, so that the dikes along the river were completely washed away, the fields became Zeguo, and the sowing valleys were all submerged." At this time, northern Jiangsu and Yangtze River Basin are two terms describing geographical features.

　　What really brings "Northern Jiangsu" into public view is administrative division. At the end of 1942, the party committees and military regions of Huaihai and Yanfu merged to form the Subei District Committee, Subei Military Region and Subei Administrative Office. Huang Kecheng served as the party secretary, commander and political commissar of Subei Military Region. In 1949, after the liberation of Jiangsu, with the Yangtze River as the boundary, there were two administrative offices in southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu and Nanjing municipality directly under the central government, which consisted of three regions. By 1953, the "Jiangsu Province" of new China was established, and these three parts were put together again.

　　"Lu Fangqian is hereby appointed as a member of the Land Reform Committee of the People’s Administration Office of Northern Jiangsu." In the memorial hall of the former site of the Jiangsu-Anhui Border Government, a notice of appointment signed by Premier Zhou Enlai in 1951 directly shows that "Northern Jiangsu" once existed as an administrative unit. Yu Jianshan, the information section chief of the memorial hall, said that the two administrative offices in southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu are the only administrative divisions named after "southern Jiangsu" and "northern Jiangsu" in China’s history, and they are also the source and basic cognition of modern people on the concepts of "southern Jiangsu" and "northern Jiangsu".

　　A complicated historical cause

　　Northern Jiangsu has existed since ancient times. Why was it separated from southern Jiangsu in the 20th century?

　　In fact, the intuitive definition of northern Jiangsu — — The area north of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu has been widely questioned. During the Republic of China, most observers believed that there were obvious differences between the northern and central areas of northern Jiangsu, that is, between the northern and southern areas of the old Huaihe River in Jiangsu. For example, Wang Peitang and Li Changfu wrote in 1930s that the two areas north of the Yangtze River are completely different, one is called Subei, and the other is Huaibei. The former is close to Jiangnan economically and culturally, while the latter is close to Anhui and Shandong. Wang Peitang pointed out that the Huaihe River is the boundary river between rice producing areas and wheat producing areas. People in the north of the Yangtze River and south of the Huaihe River, like the residents in the south of the Yangtze River, mainly live on rice.

　　Geographical definition is vague, and language is equally elusive. Generally speaking, the dialects spoken by people in northern and southern Jiangsu belong to completely different language families and are difficult to understand each other. However, a survey of Jiangsu dialect in 1960 included Nanjing, Jiangning, Jurong, Lishui and Zhenjiang in the south of the Yangtze River and Yangzhou, Yancheng, Funing and Gaoyou in the north of Jiangsu Province in the same dialect area.

　　The diversity of cultural life highlights the fuzziness of southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu. For example, although Jingjiang is located in the north of the Yangtze River, many Jiangnan customs prevailed there. During the Republic of China, women cut their hair short, wore cheongsam and celebrated the Spring Festival according to Jiangnan customs.

　　How can a northern Jiangsu province with vague boundaries and contradictory definitions be deeply rooted in people’s consciousness? Han Qilan, a scholar, made a profound analysis in the book Su Beiren in Shanghai, 1850-1980, arguing that northern Jiangsu is not an objective place, but represents a belief in the geographical, cultural, linguistic and economic homogeneity of a specific region. The author thinks that there is another standard to define northern Jiangsu, that is, the poor are northern Jiangsu. "A place called northern Jiangsu only appeared when northern Jiangsu became poorer than southern Jiangsu."

　　This statement undoubtedly explains why northern Jiangsu was born very late. Because, in ancient times, it has always been a prosperous and rich place. Take Huai ‘an as an example. It used to be the seat of the governor’s office of grain transportation in the Qing Dynasty. On the Grand Canal, there were sails and merchants. It was once one of the most prosperous cities in China, but it only declined in the middle of the 19th century. In fact, the decline of northern Jiangsu is not a man-made disaster for two main reasons: inland river transportation was replaced by sea transportation, and some towns in northern Jiangsu lost their importance as transportation and commercial centers; The Yellow River was diverted in 1853, and later the Huaihe River flowed into Hongze Lake, and there was no outflow channel, which led to frequent floods and famine in northern Jiangsu since the mid-1910 s.

　　Han Qilan further explained the birth path of the word "Northern Jiangsu": "The economic gap led to a large number of farmers moving south, where a lower class was formed. They speak a dialect with a northern accent, which is contrary to Wu dialect. In the eyes of Jiangnan residents, they are all a type of northerners. ‘ Subei ’ It is very likely to be a label to describe the immigrant population in Jiangnan and Shanghai, not to describe the region, so it is not surprising to define northern Jiangsu with a series of often contradictory standards. "

　　An outdated regional division

　　Looking back at history, it is not difficult to see that northern Jiangsu is not an objective geographical concept, but a subjective belief formed by the economic gap in people’s minds. Belief, not immutable, can be produced out of thin air with the decline of northern Jiangsu, and will surely disappear in the long river of history with the rise of economy.

　　In fact, with the improvement of traffic location and the superposition of national strategies, this regional division in northern Jiangsu has become increasingly out of date.

　　He Wei, a professor at Huai ‘an Development Research Institute of Huaiyin Normal University, believes that the direct factor of Huai ‘an’s decline in modern times is the traffic disadvantage. However, in recent years, with the overlapping implementation of national strategies such as the integration of the Yangtze River Delta, the Grand Canal Cultural Belt and the Huaihe River Eco-economic Belt, Huai ‘an has been clearly defined as a national comprehensive transportation hub, and the Huaihe River Eco-economic Belt has led the city and air cargo hub, and it has been included in the "Golden Triangle" of logistics in northern Jiangsu, which indicates that Huai ‘an’s location conditions and strategic advantages are being recovered, and then

　　"The poverty in northern Jiangsu is a prejudice." Shi Xiusong, executive director of the Northern Jiangsu Development Research Institute of Huaiyin Institute of Technology, said that Jiangsu is the most balanced province in China. Statistics show that the economic gap between southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu is 2.7 times, and the economic gap between Guangdong, Pearl River Delta and northwestern Guangdong, both developed provinces, is more than 9 times. Looking at the whole country, cities in northern Jiangsu are among the best in other provinces. Shi Xiusong believes that the economic development speed of northern Jiangsu has been leading in the province for many years. As the gap between the north and the south is narrowing, the future Jiangsu will not use the name of the north and the south to make the region poor and rich, but should seek common development based on the difference of functions.

　　Dividing regions by function coincides with the "1+3" strategy that Jiangsu is vigorously promoting. This strategy redefines the development map of Jiangsu, in which "1" is the Yangtze River urban agglomeration composed of eight cities along the Yangtze River; "3" refers to the coastal economic belt of Lianyungang, Yancheng and Nantong, the Jianghuai Ecological Economic Zone composed of Suqian, Huai ‘an and parts of Central Jiangsu, and the central city of building Xuzhou into Huaihai Economic Zone. Last year, the 14th provincial Party Congress clearly stated, "Advance at a higher level ‘ 1+3’ The construction of key functional areas will make greater efforts to promote the coordinated development of the whole province and promote the higher quality and integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. "

　　It can be seen that a new Jiangsu that pursues regional linkage development, characteristic development and balanced development is being reconstructed, and the regional division of "Northern Jiangsu" is more out of date.

　　A blueprint for the development of Qvanxian Zhang

　　The positioning of "Northern Jiangsu" is out of date, and Huai ‘an blueprint needs to be redrawn urgently.

　　In recent years, many cities in northern Jiangsu have proposed to break through the "northern Jiangsu consciousness" and "prefecture-level city thinking". For example, Xuzhou proposed to draw development momentum in the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, gather more elements from the central area, and build a central city in the northern wing of the Yangtze River Delta; Lianyungang proposed a demonstration from the bridgehead of Eurasia to the fulcrum and benchmark of the "Belt and Road" initiative, from being among the three major areas of Jiangsu Free Trade Zone to being listed as a national hub port; Suqian is speeding up the construction of the pioneering zone of reform and innovation, the advanced manufacturing base in the Yangtze River Delta, the Jiangsu Ecological Park and the national civilized and honest highland … …

　　Work hard and time waits for no one. Facing the major historical issues of future development, Huai ‘an comprehensively examines its position and puts forward the goal of focusing on building a "green highland and a hub new city" and building a modern central city in the northern Yangtze River Delta in an all-round way. This goal is put forward under the great logic and background of profoundly grasping the new development stage, implementing the new development concept and building a new development pattern, which is both forward-looking and feasible. The Fourth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee once again proposed to deeply integrate into the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, highlight the interconnection of infrastructure, industrial cooperation and complementarity, and the co-construction and sharing of public services and functional carriers, closely cooperate with key cities in the central area such as Shanghai, Nanjing and Suzhou, and gather more resources in the high-energy open platform.

　　As Chen Zhichang, secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, said, docking and integration into the Yangtze River Delta will not only help Huai ‘an better promote the national strategy, but also undertake the transfer of high-quality industries, factor flow and radiation in the central area of the Yangtze River Delta. It will also enable us to broaden our horizons and change our concepts in the process of docking and integration, and consciously use the thinking and vision planning of the Yangtze River Delta to lead Huai ‘an’s development. Moreover, the national plan clearly includes Jiangsu as a whole into the integrated development scope of the Yangtze River Delta. Huai ‘an has truly become a member of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, a key node and main channel for connecting the central area with northern Jiangsu, and also a leader and link for linking relevant cities in the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt to the west. It can be said that Huai ‘an docking into the Yangtze River Delta has a good foundation and conditions, which is conducive to enhancing its position and influence in the regional pattern.

　　"Openness has contributed to the prosperity of Huai ‘an’s history, and the lack of openness has restricted Huai ‘an’s current development. Only by actively embracing openness and continuously expanding openness can we broaden our horizons, connect with the frontier and enhance our skills, make new friends, master new information and gather new resources, and make the city more attractive, make cadres more confident and make the masses love Huai ‘an more." The Fourth Plenary Session of the Eighth Municipal Party Committee once again drummed for the pursuit of the dream of urban rejuvenation. From the migration of refugees to the overflow of industries to the north, from the opposition between the rich and the poor to the integration of development, the significance of northern Jiangsu to Shanghai has quietly changed, and the era of Huai’ an’s integration into the Yangtze River Delta and the realization of the dream of urban rejuvenation is accelerating.

Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on printing and distributing the implementation plan of peak carbon dioxide emissions in the field of urban and rural construction

Urban and rural construction is one of the main areas of carbon emissions. With the rapid advancement of urbanization and the deep adjustment of industrial structure, the carbon emissions in urban and rural construction and its proportion in the total carbon emissions of the whole society will be further improved. In order to thoroughly implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, control the growth of carbon emissions in urban and rural construction, and effectively do a good job in peak carbon dioxide emissions in urban and rural construction, this implementation plan is formulated according to the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Completely, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept and Doing a Good Job in Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and the peak carbon dioxide emissions Action Plan before 2030.

I. General requirements

(1) Guiding ideology. Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly implement the Supreme Leader’s ecological civilization thought, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, fully implement the new development concept based on the new development stage, build a new development pattern, adhere to ecological priority, conservation priority, protection priority, harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and adhere to the system concept. Coordinate development and safety, take green and low-carbon development as the guide, promote urban renewal and rural construction, accelerate the transformation of urban and rural construction methods, improve the quality of green and low-carbon development, and continuously meet the people’s needs for a better life.

(2) Working principles. Adhere to systematic planning and step-by-step implementation, strengthen the top-level design, strengthen the control of results, reasonably determine the work rhythm, and make overall plans to promote the realization of peak carbon dioxide emissions. Adhere to local conditions, distinguish between cities, villages and different climate zones, and scientifically determine the requirements for energy conservation and carbon reduction. Adhere to innovation, transformation and development, strengthen core technologies, improve the technical system, strengthen mechanism innovation, and improve the carbon emission reduction management system for urban and rural construction. Adhere to the two-wheel drive, work together, give full play to the role of government-led and market mechanisms, form an effective incentive and restraint mechanism, implement joint construction and sharing, and jointly promote various tasks.

(3) Main objectives. Before 2030, carbon emissions in urban and rural construction will reach the peak. The policy system and institutional mechanism of green and low-carbon development in urban and rural construction have been basically established; The level of building energy conservation and garbage resource utilization has been greatly improved, and the efficiency of energy resource utilization has reached the international advanced level; The energy consumption structure and mode are more optimized, and the application of renewable energy is more sufficient; Positive progress has been made in the green and low-carbon transformation of urban and rural construction methods, and "a lot of construction, a lot of consumption and a lot of emissions" have been basically reversed; The integrity, systematicness and growth of the city have been enhanced, and the problem of "urban disease" has been initially solved; Building quality and engineering quality have been further improved, and the quality of human settlements has been greatly improved; Green lifestyles have generally taken shape, and green and low-carbon operation has been initially realized. Strive to achieve a green and low-carbon transformation of urban and rural construction methods, systematic changes, a beautiful living environment, and the modernization of carbon emission control in urban and rural construction by 2060, and people’s lives will be happier.

Second, building a green and low-carbon city

(4) Optimize the urban structure and layout. Urban form, density, functional layout and construction mode have fundamental and important impacts on carbon emission reduction. Actively carry out the construction of green and low-carbon cities and promote group development. The area of each group is not more than 50 square kilometers, the average population density within the group is not more than 10,000 people/square kilometer in principle, and the maximum number of individual lots is not more than 15,000 people/square kilometer. Strengthen the overall layout of ecological corridors, landscape corridors, ventilation corridors, waterfront spaces and urban greenways, leaving enough urban rivers and lakes ecological spaces and flood control and drainage spaces. The ecological corridors between groups should be continuous and have a net width of not less than 100 meters. Promote urban ecological restoration and improve urban ecosystem. Strictly control the construction of new super-high-rise buildings, and generally no new super-high-rise residential buildings are allowed. The new town and new district should reasonably control the proportion of occupation and residence, and promote the balanced and integrated layout of employment and living space. Reasonable layout of urban rapid trunk traffic, living distribution traffic and green slow traffic facilities, the density of road network in the main city should be greater than 8 km/km2. Strictly manage the demolition of existing buildings, and insist on promoting urban renewal from "demolition to stay" to "stay and change". Except for illegal buildings and buildings identified as dangerous buildings by professional institutions and without repair and reservation value, the existing buildings will not be demolished on a large scale and in pieces. In principle, the demolition area of urban renewal units (districts) or projects should not be greater than 20% of the total construction area. Revitalize existing houses and reduce all kinds of vacant houses.

(V) Building green and low-carbon communities. Community is an important place to form a simple and moderate, green and low-carbon, civilized and healthy lifestyle. Promote mixed blocks with complex functions and advocate mixed layout of residential, commercial and pollution-free industries. Basic public service facilities, convenient commercial service facilities, municipal supporting infrastructure and public activity space will be built in accordance with the Standard for the Construction of Complete Residential Communities (Trial), and the coverage rate of complete residential communities in cities at prefecture level and above will be increased to over 60% by 2030. Through the network of walking and cycling, several residential communities are connected in series to build a fifteen-minute life circle. We will promote the creation of green communities, run the concept of green development through the whole process of community planning, construction and management, and 60% of urban communities will meet the creation requirements first. Explore the construction of zero-carbon community. Encourage property service enterprises to provide home-based care, housekeeping, child care, fitness, shopping and other life services to owners, and meet the basic needs of owners within walking distance. Encourage the use of green household appliances and reduce the use of disposable consumer goods. Encourage "part space, part time" and other green and low-carbon energy use methods, advocate turning off the lights at will, and turn off the socket power when TV, air conditioner, computer and other electrical appliances are not in use. Encourage the use of new energy vehicles and promote the construction of community charging and replacing facilities.

(6) Comprehensively improve the level of green and low-carbon buildings. We will continue to create green buildings. By 2025, new buildings in cities and towns will fully implement green building standards, and the proportion of star-rated green buildings will reach more than 30%. Newly-built public welfare buildings and large-scale public buildings invested by the government will all reach more than one star. Before 2030, the new residential buildings in severe cold and cold areas will meet the energy-saving requirements of 83%, the new residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter, hot summer and warm winter and mild areas will meet the energy-saving requirements of 75% and the new public buildings will meet the energy-saving requirements of 78%. Promote the large-scale development of low-carbon buildings and encourage the construction of zero-carbon buildings and near-zero energy-consumption buildings. Strengthen the appraisal and evaluation of energy-saving transformation, prepare the special plan for transformation, and make all changes to residential buildings with transformation value and conditions, and the energy-saving level of some transformation should reach the current standards. We will continue to promote the construction of key cities to improve the energy efficiency of public buildings. By 2030, all key cities above the prefecture level will complete the transformation tasks, and the overall energy efficiency will be improved by more than 20% after the transformation. Promote energy consumption monitoring and statistical analysis of public buildings, and gradually implement energy consumption quota management. Strengthen the operation adjustment of key energy-using equipment such as air conditioners, lighting, elevators, etc., and improve the energy efficiency of the equipment. By 2030, the overall energy efficiency of the electromechanical system of public buildings will be improved by 10% at the current level.

(seven) the construction of green low-carbon housing. Improve the quality of housing, actively develop small and medium-sized ordinary housing, and limit the development of super-large housing. According to the local climate conditions, the residential orientation, window-wall ratio and shape coefficient are reasonably determined to reduce residential energy consumption. Reasonable layout of living space, encourage large width and small depth, and make full use of sunshine and natural ventilation. Implement flexible living space design to reduce the waste of resources caused by renovation or demolition. Promote the full renovation and delivery of new residential buildings, and reduce resource consumption and environmental pollution. Actively promote the assembly decoration, implement the application technology of modular parts such as integral bathroom and kitchen, and realize the detachable and recyclable parts. Improve the maintenance level of shared facilities and equipment, and enhance the degree of intelligence. Strengthen the maintenance and management of residential common parts and prolong the service life of residential buildings.

(eight) improve the efficiency of infrastructure operation. Systematic, intelligent, eco-green construction and stable operation of infrastructure can effectively reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. We will carry out the renovation project of the old heating pipe network for more than 30 years, strengthen the replacement of insulation materials of the heating pipe network, and promote the intelligent transformation of heating stations and pipe networks. By 2030, the heat loss of urban heating pipe network will be reduced by 5 percentage points compared with 2020. We will carry out special actions to purify sidewalks and build bicycle lanes, improve the connecting facilities between urban rail transit stations and surrounding buildings, such as corridors or underground passages, increase the construction of urban bus lanes, improve the operational efficiency and service level of urban public transportation, and steadily increase the proportion of urban green transportation trips. We will fully implement waste classification, reduction and recycling, and improve the system of classified delivery, classified collection, classified transportation and classified treatment of domestic waste. By 2030, the utilization rate of urban domestic waste resources will reach 65%. Combined with the characteristics of the city, we should fully respect nature, strengthen the effective connection between urban facilities and the original ecological background such as rivers and lakes, adjust measures to local conditions, systematically promote the construction of sponge cities all over the world, and comprehensively adopt the methods of "infiltration, detention, storage, purification, use and drainage" to increase the storage and utilization of rainwater. By 2030, the average permeable area of urban built-up areas in China will reach 45%. Promote the construction of water-saving cities, implement the renovation of old urban water supply pipe networks, promote the partition measurement of pipe networks, and improve the intelligent management level of water supply pipe networks.Strive to control the leakage rate of urban public water supply network within 8% by 2030. The transformation of sewage collection and treatment facilities and the recycling of urban sewage will be implemented. By 2030, the average utilization rate of reclaimed water in cities nationwide will reach 30%. Accelerate the renovation of urban gas supply pipelines and facilities. Promote urban green lighting, strengthen the whole process management of urban lighting planning, design, construction and operation, and control excessive lighting and light pollution. By 2030, more than 80% of high-efficiency and energy-saving lamps such as LED will be used, and more than 30% of cities will have digital lighting systems. We will carry out actions to improve urban landscaping, improve the urban park system, promote the construction of greenway network in the central city and the old city, strengthen three-dimensional greening, and increase the proportion of native and local adaptive plants. By 2030, the green space rate in urban built-up areas will reach 38.9%, and the length of greenways in urban built-up areas will exceed 1 km/10,000 people.

(9) Optimize the energy consumption structure for urban construction. We will promote the integration of solar photovoltaic in buildings, and strive to achieve 50% photovoltaic coverage on the roofs of new public institutions and new factories by 2025. Promote the installation of solar photovoltaic systems on the roofs of existing public buildings. Accelerate the promotion of smart photovoltaic applications. In areas with abundant solar energy resources and buildings with stable hot water demand, actively promote the application of solar photothermal buildings. Promote the application of geothermal energy and biomass energy according to local conditions, and promote various electric heat pump technologies such as air source. By 2025, the replacement rate of renewable energy in urban buildings will reach 8%. Guide the development of building heating, domestic hot water, cooking, etc. to electrification. By 2030, building electricity will account for more than 65% of building energy consumption. Promote the comprehensive electrification of new public buildings, and the electrification ratio will reach 20% by 2030. Promote heat pump water heaters, high-efficiency electric stoves and other alternative gas products, and promote the application of high-efficiency DC appliances and equipment. Promote the application of smart microgrid, "flexible light storage", cold storage and heat storage, flexible load adjustment, virtual power plant and other technologies, give priority to the consumption of renewable energy power, and actively participate in power demand side response. Explore the intelligent group control technology of building electrical equipment, reasonably allocate the power load under the premise of meeting the power demand, and realize less capacity increase and no capacity increase. According to the existing energy infrastructure and economic affordability, the distributed cogeneration of hydrogen fuel cells is explored according to local conditions. Promote low carbonization of building heat source end, comprehensively utilize cogeneration waste heat, industrial waste heat and nuclear power waste heat,According to the actual situation around the application. Give full play to urban thermoelectric heating capacity and improve urban thermoelectric biomass coupling capacity. The municipal central heating is no longer used in buildings that lead to ultra-low energy consumption in cold areas.

(10) Promote green and low-carbon construction. Vigorously develop prefabricated buildings and promote steel residential buildings. By 2030, prefabricated buildings will account for 40% of new urban buildings in that year. Promote intelligent construction, cultivate 100 intelligent construction industrial bases by 2030, build a number of internet platforms for the construction industry, and form a series of landmark products for construction robots. Promote the precision processing and refined management of building materials in factories. By 2030, the loss rate of building materials on the construction site will be reduced by 20% compared with 2020. Strengthen the management and control of construction waste at the construction site, and by 2030, the emission of construction waste at the construction site of new buildings will not be higher than 300 tons/10,000 square meters. Actively promote energy-saving construction equipment, monitor the energy consumption of key equipment, and implement group control management for multiple similar equipment. Give priority to building materials products with green building materials certification marks, establish a mechanism for government projects to purchase green building materials, and comprehensively promote green building materials in star-rated green buildings by 2030. Encourage qualified areas to use wood and bamboo building materials. Improve the universality of prefabricated components and parts, and promote standardized, less specification and multi-combination design. Promote centralized treatment and graded utilization of construction waste, and by 2030, the resource utilization rate of construction waste will reach 55%.

Third, build green and low-carbon counties and villages

(eleven) to improve the level of green and low carbon in the county. Carry out the construction of green and low-carbon county towns, and build an intensive and economical county town pattern with pleasant scale. Make full use of natural conditions and conform to the original topography to realize the integration and coordination between the county and the natural environment. Combined with the actual implementation of the distributed layout of infrastructure combining large dispersion with small regional concentration, and the construction of green and economical infrastructure. It is necessary to strengthen the control of county construction density and intensity according to local conditions, and control the population density of county built-up areas located in ecological functional areas and major agricultural products producing areas at 0.6— 10,000 people per square kilometer, and the ratio of total building area to construction land should be controlled at 0.6— 0.8； The building height should match the fire fighting and rescue capacity. The newly-built residential buildings are mainly 6 floors, with a maximum of 18 floors. The proportion of residential buildings with 6 floors and below should not be less than 70%. If it is really necessary to build a residential building with more than 18 floors, it should be strictly and fully demonstrated, and ensure that the fire emergency and municipal supporting facilities are in place; The implementation of "narrow roads, dense road networks, small blocks", the width of the red line of roads within the county is not more than 40 meters, the area of concentrated hard land in the square is not more than 2 hectares, and the pedestrian network should be continuous and unobstructed.

(twelve) to create a natural and compact rural pattern. Reasonable layout of rural construction, protection of rural ecological environment, reduce resource and energy consumption. Carry out the construction of green and low-carbon villages to improve the rural ecological and environmental quality. The site selection of rural houses and villages should be safe and reliable, conform to the topography and protect the ecological context of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand. Encourage new rural houses to gather in villages with perfect infrastructure, superior natural conditions, complete public service facilities and beautiful landscape environment, and the rural house community will be natural, compact and orderly.

(thirteen) to promote the construction of green low-carbon rural housing. Improve the green and low-carbon design and construction level of rural houses, improve the energy efficiency level of rural houses, build a number of green rural houses by 2030, and encourage the construction of star-rated green rural houses and zero-carbon rural houses. According to the requirements of structural safety, perfect function, energy saving and carbon reduction, the relevant standards for rural housing construction are formulated and improved. Guide newly-built rural houses to implement relevant standards such as "Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Rural Residential Buildings", improve energy-saving measures for rural houses, and promote renewable energy utilization methods such as solar greenhouses according to local conditions. Promote the use of energy-efficient lighting, stoves and other facilities and equipment. Encourage the use of local materials and local materials, promote the use of green building materials, and encourage the use of prefabricated steel structures, wood structures and other construction methods. Vigorously promote rural clean heating in the northern region. Actively promote the energy-saving renovation of rural houses in the winter clean heating project in the northern region, improve the comfort of permanent rooms, and achieve an overall energy efficiency improvement of more than 30% after the renovation.

(fourteen) to promote the low carbonization of domestic waste sewage treatment. Promote rural sewage treatment, reasonably determine discharge standards, and promote the local resource utilization of rural domestic sewage. According to local conditions, we will promote the miniaturized, ecological and decentralized sewage treatment process and promote the operation mode of micro-power, low energy consumption and low cost. Promote the classified treatment of rural domestic waste, advocate the resource utilization of rural domestic waste, and reduce the output of rural domestic waste from the source.

(fifteen) to promote the application of renewable energy. Promote the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, geothermal energy, air thermal energy and biomass energy in rural gas supply, heating and power supply. Vigorously promote the installation of solar photovoltaic systems on the roofs of agricultural houses, open spaces in courtyards and agricultural facilities. Promote rural areas to further improve the level of electrification, and encourage the electrification of cooking, heating, lighting, transportation, hot water and other energy. Make full use of solar photothermal system to provide domestic hot water, and encourage the use of solar cookers and other equipment.

Fourth, strengthen safeguard measures

(sixteen) to establish and improve laws and regulations and standard measurement system. Promote the improvement of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s relevant laws and regulations in the field of urban and rural construction, establish and improve the carbon emission management system, and clarify the responsible subjects. Establish and improve the standard measurement system for energy conservation and carbon reduction, and formulate and improve standards for green buildings, zero-carbon buildings and green buildings. Encourage qualified areas to formulate mandatory standards and recommended standards for local engineering construction higher than national standards. According to the requirements of carbon emission control targets and industrial structure, all localities reasonably determine the carbon emission control targets in urban and rural construction. Establish a green and low-carbon index system for cities, counties, communities, administrative villages and residential development projects. Improve the provincial and municipal public building energy-saving supervision platform, promote the sharing of energy consumption data, and strengthen the equipment and management of measuring instruments in the construction field. Strengthen the investigation and analysis of permanent residents in cities, counties and villages.

(seventeen) to build a green and low-carbon transformation development model. With the goal of green and low carbon, we will build a development model of vertical to the end, horizontal to the edge, co-construction and co-governance, and improve the mechanism of government-led, group-driven and social participation. Establish and improve the urban physical examination and evaluation system of "one physical examination every year and one evaluation every five years". Establish an evaluation mechanism for rural construction. Using the building information model (BIM) technology and the city information model (CIM) platform, we will promote the construction of digital buildings and digital twin cities and accelerate the digital transformation of urban and rural construction. Vigorously develop energy-saving service industries, popularize contract energy management, and explore "one-stop" comprehensive service modes such as energy-saving consultation, diagnosis, design, financing, renovation and trusteeship.

(eighteen) the establishment of Industry-University-Research integration mechanism. Organize basic research, key core technology research, engineering demonstration and industrial application, and promote the coordinated development of scientific and technological research and development, achievement transformation and industrial cultivation. Integrate and optimize Industry-University-Research’s scientific and technological resources, promote the construction of high-level innovation teams and platforms, and strengthen the cultivation of innovative leading enterprises. Encourage and support leading enterprises to unite universities, research institutes, industrial parks, financial institutions and other forces to form industrial technology innovation alliances and other forms of innovation consortia. Encourage colleges and universities to set up courses related to carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and strengthen the construction of talent team.

(nineteen) improve the financial support policy. We will improve the relevant fiscal policies to support peak carbon dioxide emissions in the field of urban and rural construction and implement preferential tax policies. Improve the government procurement demand standards for green buildings and green building materials, and promote the application of green buildings and green building materials in the field of government procurement. Strengthen green financial support and encourage banking financial institutions to innovate credit products and services to support energy conservation and carbon reduction in urban and rural construction under the principle of risk control and commercial autonomy. Encourage developers to insure the quality insurance of fully decorated houses, strengthen insurance support, and give play to the risk protection role of green insurance products. Rationally open the market for urban infrastructure investment, construction and operation, and attract social capital investment by means of franchising and government purchasing services. We will improve the policies of differential electricity price, time-of-use electricity price and residential ladder electricity price, and accelerate the heating metering and charging according to the heat supply.

V. Strengthening organization and implementation

(twenty) to strengthen organizational leadership. Under the leadership of the Leading Group for Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments have strengthened cooperation and formed a joint force. All relevant departments in various regions should strengthen coordination, scientifically formulate detailed plans for the implementation of peak carbon dioxide emissions in the field of urban and rural construction, clarify tasks and objectives, and formulate a list of responsibilities.

(twenty-one) to strengthen the implementation of tasks. All relevant departments in all regions should clarify their responsibilities, implement various tasks in detail, sum up experiences and good practices in a timely manner, and solidly promote related work. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) housing and urban and rural construction, development and reform departments will report the implementation of the year to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the National Development and Reform Commission before the end of November each year.

(twenty-two) increase training and publicity. Peak carbon dioxide emissions will be carbon neutral as an important part of cadre training in the field of urban and rural construction, and the ability of green and low-carbon development will be improved. Improve the professional level of talents in planning, design, construction and operation related units and enterprises through business training, competitions and experience exchange. Intensify the publicity of outstanding projects and typical cases, and cooperate with the activities such as "National Energy Conservation Action" and "Energy Conservation Publicity Week". Compile a green living brochure, actively advocate a green and low-carbon lifestyle, mobilize all sectors of society to participate in carbon reduction actions, and form a strong atmosphere of support from all sectors of society and active participation of the masses. Carry out voluntary commitments to reduce emissions and guide the public to consciously fulfill their responsibilities of energy conservation and emission reduction.

　　All the models sold by the company are directly connected from abroad, and the first-hand sources are strictly tested by the customs and put on the market, which can be registered and settled in the whole country.

　　The company has complete procedures (customs clearance, commodity inspection, conformity certificate, environmental protection list, purchase tax application form and electronic information form) for selling all models and enjoys the three guarantees policy.?

　　Free shuttle bus for customers from other places. Our company will handle the temporary national networking pass for you.

　　The company provides follow-up services such as insurance, installment, licensing, modification, car delivery, etc. Please contact the dealer at the bottom of the article for details ]13323457339 Manager Wang’s "With WeChat"

　　22 SXT 3.6L black/black configurations: electrically adjustable rearview mirror, remote control key, keyless one-in-one-in-one key start, dual-empty zone adjustment, driver’s 6-way electric adjustment joint seat, driver’s 4-way electric waist adjustment joint support, electric window key up and down, halogen light, door handle with the same color as the rear tail, 18-inch aluminum wheel, reflection car image, fetal monitoring and pressure measurement, Apel audio, front.

　　All the models sold by the company are directly connected from abroad, and the first-hand sources are strictly tested by the customs and put on the market, which can be registered and settled in the whole country.

　　The company has complete procedures (customs clearance, commodity inspection, conformity certificate, environmental protection list, purchase tax application form and electronic information form) for selling all models and enjoys the three guarantees policy.

　　Free shuttle bus for customers from other places. Our company will handle the temporary national networking pass for you.

　　The company provides follow-up services such as insurance, installment, licensing, modification, car delivery, etc. Please contact the dealer at the bottom of the article ]13323457339 Manager Wang "With WeChat"

　　Name of dealer: Yuanxiang Automobile Trading Co., Ltd., Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone

　　Dealer address: No.29 Taixiang Road, Binhai New Area, Tianjin

　　Dealer Tel: 13323457339 Manager Wang (same as WeChat)

　　Disclaimer: The above car purchase preferential information is provided by the comprehensive dealers of this website, and the price fluctuates greatly due to market factors, which is only for car purchase reference; The distributor is responsible for its authenticity, accuracy and legality, and this website does not provide any guarantee or assume any legal responsibility.

August 11th, 2023

Is a member of the ninth Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference,

"Two Bombs" Deng Jiaxian’s wife Xu Luxi

95th birthday

the same day

Xu Luxi is in Huayuan Road Community, Haidian District.

In an old house less than 70 square meters

Spent his birthday peacefully.

A peaceful birthday

There were no flowers and no birthday party. The only birthday present was a few birthday calligraphy and paintings created by some comrades from China Academy of Engineering Physics and Jiu San Society, sent by my nephew Xu Jin, a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.

After Deng Jiaxian died in 1986, Xu Luxi never celebrated his birthday again. This time, she still declined the proposal of relatives and friends to celebrate her birthday.

On the same day, the reporter of the People’s Political Consultative Conference Network promised to go to Xu Luxi’s residence to take photos of her 95th birthday.

Xu Luxi is in a wheelchair, with a thin face and gray hair, but in good spirits. Seeing her nephew coming with a reporter, she folded her hands and smiled and said, "Thank you, you have worked hard."

"You can take photos with these calligraphy and paintings and us. I’ll send them to others later and thank them." Xu Jin suggested.

Accompanied by his son and nephew Xu Jin (first from the right), Xu Luxi took a group photo with the birthday calligraphy and painting.

"good! Good! " Xu Luxi nodded and said to his son around him, "Let’s take a picture in front of your father’s bronze statue and let him have a look."

For nearly 20 minutes, accompanied by her son and nephew, Xu Luxi took photos with every calligraphy and painting. Until the reporter got up and left, she did not forget to say goodbye.

"My aunt has asthma and hasn’t been downstairs for 10 years. Like her uncle, she only talks about dedication, but she has no requirements for the country and doesn’t want others to worry more about her. " Xu Jin told reporters.

When coming downstairs, the reporter heard Xu Luxi’s small but clear voice in the room: "Xiaojin (Xu Jin’s nickname), remember to send me the photo on WeChat!"

The reporter said to Xu Jin in surprise: "Does the old lady still play WeChat at such a big age?"

"People are not old, she relies on WeChat to contact the outside world!" Xu Jin’s words amused the reporter.

As always, home furnishings

Xu Luxi lives in an old community built in the early 1960s. Xu Luxi lives on the second floor of a four-story old building. The corridor is dimly lit, and he walks up the concrete stairs, with thick pipes exposed on the wall. Her residence is a three-bedroom apartment with a small living room, only about 10 square meters. There is a simple dining table against the wall, on which are two steamed buns and some bananas that my son just bought. The bedrooms on both sides have little space, and the furnishings are simple and clean. The middle bedroom has been transformed into a living room, and the furniture and bookcases inside are very old and even a little rustic.

Since Deng Jiaxian left, Xu Luxi has been living in this old house for a long time. Although she has the conditions to live in a better house, she is unwilling to leave. The furnishings in the home are as usual. She marked all her husband’s utensils with the date of use, even the towels on the sofa where he sat were not changed.

Xu Luxi pasted the words "Deng Jiaxian’s former residence" on the wall of the house door. In this way, she wanted to keep half a century’s time and the short time she had with Deng Jiaxian.

There are two wooden sofas in the middle of the living room. According to Xu Jin, these two sofas were visited by Yang Zhenning when he returned to China for the first time in 1971, and his uncle specially borrowed them from the unit.

There are several personal photos of Deng Jiaxian on the desk near the east wall, all covered with plastic bags to prevent dust. There is a bust of Deng Jiaxian on the right side of the desk, which is illuminated by the roof light. On the wall above the bronze statue, there is a yellowed paper with the words "Two Bombs, Founding Father Deng Jiaxian" written by General Zhang Aiping.

"I support you!"

Deng Jiaxian was able to become a "two-bomb father" because of his wife Xu Luxi’s silent support.

Xu and Deng are family friends. In 1953, Xu Luxi and Deng Jiaxian, once childhood friends, got married, and they lived a quiet and happy life for five years.

One day in the midsummer of 1958, Deng Jiaxian came home later than usual. After a hasty meal and sitting in silence for a while, he went to bed alone, tossing and turning, but he couldn’t sleep.

According to Xu Luxi’s recollection, "At that time, he told me that he wanted to transfer his job, and I asked him where to transfer. He said that he could not say that, nor could he say what he was doing. I said you give me a mailbox number, and I’ll correspond with you. He said it wouldn’t work. I was very sad at that time. I was 30 years old, he was 34 years old, and his children were very young. I didn’t know what he was going to do, but he was very determined. He also said that if he did this well, his life would be very valuable. After listening to what he said, I felt at that time that he had made up his mind, and then he suddenly added, it is worth dying for it. I cried when he said this. I said, why are you going? What should you make up your mind to do? Although I later knew that he was engaged in the research and development of’ two bombs’, when he said that he couldn’t manage things at home and entrusted everything to me, I answered him, I support you! "

Then, like into thin air, Deng Jiaxian plunged into the isolated and desolate Gobi Desert. And he didn’t tell his parents about his whereabouts, nor did he tell his wife and children. In 28 years, he led the team to develop China’s first atomic bomb, first hydrogen bomb and first neutron bomb under extremely difficult conditions. In 1964, China’s successful atomic bombing shocked the whole world. On June 17th, 1967, China’s first hydrogen bomb successfully exploded in Lop Nur.

During the secret course of Deng Jiaxian’s nuclear weapons research in China, he was uncertain about his life and death for a long time, and he didn’t know where to go until his last breath. His wife, Xu Luxi, always kept her parting promise and waited without any regrets.

Until 1985, the husband and wife were finally able to stay together for a long time, but Deng Jiaxian was seriously ill because of work. On July 31st, 1985, Deng Jiaxian was diagnosed with rectal cancer and returned to Beijing for hospitalization. On August 10th, Xu Luxi waited with tears in her eyes. A few days later, because the white blood cell count was too low, the treatment had to be interrupted, and the doctor suggested that Deng Jiaxian go home to recuperate.

This year is also the last time for Xu Luxi and Deng Jiaxian to get along. On July 29th, 1986, Deng Jiaxian passed away in his wife’s arms at the age of 62.

Climb the medical peak

As Deng Jiaxian’s wife, Xu Luxi is also a female scientist. She has never given up her love for medical career. She has been engaged in the teaching and research of human anatomy and neuroanatomy.

Xu Luxi has made great achievements in the field of neuroanatomy. As early as the early 1960s, he translated Strong’s book "Human Neuroanatomy" with his colleagues, which played a good role in promoting the development of neuroanatomy in China. In the early 1980s, neuroimmunocytochemistry was just emerging in the world. After visiting and studying in the United States for three months, Xu Luxi immediately organized the first domestic workshop on neuroimmunocytochemistry technology. She not only invited Swanson, a famous American scholar, to give lectures in China, but also personally organized technical teaching. Xu Luxi’s research work involves many fields, such as the morphology of acupuncture anesthesia principle, the regulation mechanism and fiber connection of the brain to the autonomic nervous system, the chemical anatomical construction of the brain visceral regulation center and the distribution and changes of various neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. She won the first prize of Beijing Science and Technology in 1978, the second prize of National Excellent Book in 1990 for her book Neuroanatomy, and the "Peach and Plum Award" of Beijing Medical University in 1999. She has successively published dozens of papers and trained dozens of masters and doctors.

Even in his later years, Xu Luxi insisted on teaching seven-year undergraduate and graduate students. She also pays special attention to the guidance and training of young teachers. In order to improve young teachers’ professional level and independent teaching ability as soon as possible, Xu Luxi gave careful guidance while pushing young teachers to the front line of teaching. Revise the lecture notes of young teachers word by word and personally guide the trial lecture.

"The highest state of love is mutual support."

After Deng Jiaxian’s death, Xu Luxi compiled the 1.01 million-word Collected Works of Deng Jiaxian. Xu Luxi is a medical scientist, and he is not very proficient in the theory of nuclear physics. In order to sort out Deng Jiaxian’s manuscripts before his death, she repeatedly studied two English books sent by Yang Zhenning, starting with the concepts of nucleus, neutron and chain reaction. She said: "I am just like a primary school student who starts to learn the basics like three in one, six in two, and nine in three, but these things must be done." If Deng Jiaxian were alive, he would also publish his academic achievements. "

Xu Lu Heezen said: "The highest state of love is mutual understanding and mutual support, because only in this way can we get up the courage in difficult times and cross all obstacles!"

"There are half of you in the military medal,

It’s half mine, too,

To grandma Xu Luxi.

Happy birthday, health and longevity.

And pay high tribute to the elderly.

Editor | Mari

Comprehensive | People’s Political Consultative Conference Network Beijing Evening News China Nuclear Industry News Xinhua News Agency Voice of Jiu San Society

Original title: "A glimpse |" Two Bombs "Deng Jiaxian’s wife Xu Luxi calmly spent her 95th birthday in an old house of 70 square meters.

Read the original text

Yes, the 2021 Tesla Model Y has automatic parking function. This function can be realized by the automatic driving hardware and software of the vehicle, so that the driver can complete the parking operation without touching the vehicle.

To use the automatic parking function, you need to first ensure that your Model Y has been upgraded to the latest firmware version. Then, you can follow these steps:

1. Find the automatic parking button (an icon with an arrow pointing to a square) on the steering wheel and press it.

2. Park the vehicle in a position suitable for automatic parking, and ensure that the vehicle is aligned with the space you want to park.

3. Put the gear lever into the "D" or "R" gear.

4. After the automatic parking function is activated, the vehicle will automatically find a suitable parking space and carry out parking operation. During parking, the vehicle will maintain a stable speed and accelerate or decelerate when necessary.

5. When the vehicle is successfully parked in the parking space, you can choose to exit the automatic parking mode and control the vehicle manually.

Please note that although the automatic parking function can greatly simplify the parking process, the driver still needs to be vigilant and ready to take over the control of the vehicle at any time.

Recently, the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) released the latest global cancer burden data in 2020.

Data display:

In 2020, 19.3 million people will be newly diagnosed with cancer and nearly 10 million will die.

One in five people will get cancer in their lifetime;

One in every eight men and one in every eleven women will die of cancer;

Five years after cancer diagnosis, the number of survivors is about 50.6 million;

Breast cancer has become the most common cancer in the world;

It is estimated that by 2040, 28.4 million people around the world will be diagnosed with cancer.

In 2020, the incidence of female breast cancer surpassed that of lung cancer for the first time, becoming the most common cancer in the world. However, lung cancer is still the cancer with the largest number of deaths worldwide.

▲ In 2020, the types, number and proportion of major new cancers in the world (data from IARC official website)

▲ In 2020, the types, number and proportion of major cancer deaths in the world (data from IARC official website)

Lung cancer is still the largest cancer in China.

Global data:

More than 2.2 million people in the world have been newly diagnosed with lung cancer, accounting for 11.1% of the newly diagnosed cancer in the world, that is, one in every nine new cases is lung cancer.

In terms of gender, more than 1.43 million men and more than 770,000 women are newly diagnosed with lung cancer. The proportion of new cases of lung cancer in men and women is 14.3% and 8.4% respectively. Lung cancer ranks first among men and third among women.

▲ Global male cancer deaths in 2020 (data from IARC official website)

▲ The global number of female cancer deaths in 2020 (data from IARC official website)

Among the 10 million cancer deaths in the world, nearly 1.8 million are lung cancer, accounting for 18%, and almost one in every six cancer deaths is lung cancer.

In terms of gender, more than 1.18 million men and more than 600,000 women died of lung cancer, accounting for 21.5% and 13.7% of male and female lung cancer deaths respectively. Lung cancer ranks first among male cancer deaths and second among female cancer deaths.

China data:

In China, lung cancer is still the first cancer in terms of morbidity and mortality.

▲ Cancer incidence and deaths in China in 2020 (data from IARC official website)

▲ Incidence and death of male cancer in China in 2020 (data from IARC official website)

▲ Incidence and death of cancer among women in China in 2020 (data from IARC official website)

In 2020, there are more than 810,000 new cases of lung cancer in China, accounting for 17.9% of the newly diagnosed cancer cases in China, that is, one of less than six patients is lung cancer.

In terms of gender, nearly 540,000 men in China and more than 270,000 women in China were newly diagnosed with lung cancer, accounting for 21.8% and 13.2% of the cases of male and female cancers in China respectively. Lung cancer ranks first among men in China and second among women in China.

At the same time, more than 710,000 people died of lung cancer in China, accounting for 23.8% of the cancer deaths in China, and almost one in four cancer-related deaths is lung cancer.

In terms of gender, more than 470,000 men in China and 240,000 women in China died of lung cancer, accounting for 25.9% and 10.2% of the male and female cancer deaths in China, respectively, and lung cancer ranks first among the male and female cancer deaths in China.

Behind every number is the sad change of a person and a family. The best way to deal with lung cancer is still prevention and control, especially early screening for high-risk groups.

60% of the high-risk population of lung cancer in China did not undergo LDCT screening.

Practice has proved that low-dose spiral CT(LDCT) is 4-10 times more sensitive to detect early lung cancer than conventional X-ray chest film, and can detect early peripheral lung cancer.

According to the data of the International Action Plan for Early Lung Cancer, 85% of stage I peripheral lung cancer can be found in the annual screening of LDCT, and the expected survival rate of patients after 10 years is 92%. The national lung cancer screening test in the United States has proved that LDCT screening can reduce the mortality of lung cancer in high-risk groups by 20%.

However, a recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that researchers from Henan Cancer Hospital and other institutions analyzed the data of urban cancer early diagnosis and treatment projects in Henan Province from 2013 to 2019 and found that the overall participation rate of LDCT was 40.16%, which means that nearly 60% of the high-risk population of lung cancer were not screened.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that people at high risk of lung cancer receive LDCT screening regularly every year.

The risk assessment factors of lung cancer screening proposed by national comprehensive cancer network (NCCN) guidelines include: smoking history (present and past), radon exposure history, occupational exposure history (arsenic, chromium, asbestos, nickel, cadmium, beryllium, silicon, diesel exhaust gas, soot and soot), malignant tumor history, family history of first-degree relatives with lung cancer, chronic obstructive emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis history, and passive smoking history.

According to the risk status of lung cancer, it can be divided into three groups: low risk, medium risk and high risk:

?　Low risk group: Age < 50 years and smoking history < 20 packs a year (600 cigarettes/year).

?　Medium-risk group: Age ≥50 years, smoking history or passive smoking contact history ≥20 years, no other risk factors.

?　High risk group：

① Age 55 ~ 74 years, smoking history ≥30 packs a year (600 cigarettes/year), quitting smoking history < 15 years;

② Age ≥50 years, smoking history ≥20 packs of years, and risk factors other than passive smoking.

Suggestions on the diagnosis and treatment standard of primary lung cancer (2018 edition) in China:

High-risk group ① people should participate in LDCT lung cancer screening;

If there is a high-risk factor of lung cancer in the high-risk group, LDCT lung cancer screening should also be carried out.

Screening frequency: It is recommended that the interval of screening is 1 year, and the screening mode with an interval of more than 2 years is not recommended. If the annual screening is normal, it is recommended to continue screening every 1 ~ 2 years.

Screening management: It is suggested that nodules with diameter ≥5 mm need further examination.

Note: LDCT screening is not recommended for people who cannot tolerate possible lung cancer resection or serious life-threatening diseases.

Early lung cancer: SBRT has the same effect as surgery.

With the wide application of LDCT screening in high-risk population, more and more early lung cancer can be detected. For operable early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, accounting for about 85% of all lung cancers), the standard treatment mode is radical surgery; For patients who are inoperable or refuse surgery, local radiotherapy is the standard treatment mode.

Compared with conventional radiotherapy, SBRT significantly improves the local control rate and the survival rate of patients with early NSCLC. The local control rate of SBRT in the treatment of inoperable early NSCLC is over 90%, which is equivalent to surgery.

In 2012, NCCN guidelines recommended that SBRT become the first choice for inoperable early NSCLC. In 2018, the American Association of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) officially approved SBRT as the standard treatment for early inoperable NSCLC.

SBRT has become an important radical treatment for early NSCLC, especially for patients who are inoperable or refuse surgery.

Indications of SBRT

Early inoperable NSCLC: old age, serious medical diseases, T1 ~ 2n0m0 stage.

Early NSCLC that can be operated but refuses to operate.

For early clinical lung cancer that cannot be diagnosed pathologically or refuses to be diagnosed pathologically, SBRT treatment can be considered if the following conditions are met:

(1) The definite imaging diagnosis focus gradually increased during the long-term follow-up (> 2 years), or the density and proportion of ground glass shadow increased, or accompanied by malignant features such as vascular crossing and edge burr-like changes; At least two imaging examinations (such as chest enhancement+1 ~ 3 mm thin-slice CT and whole-body PET or CT) indicate malignancy;

(2) confirmed by MDT discussion of lung cancer;

(3) Patients and their families fully informed consent.

Relative indications:

(1)T3N0M0；

(2) Simultaneous multiple primary NSCLC.

References:

1.2020-12-16 e Medicine Global Authoritative Report: In 2020, there will be 19.3 million new cancers worldwide, and lung cancer is no longer the most common cancer! 》

2. China lung cancer diagnosis and treatment standard (2018 edition)

3.2020-11-04e Drug Global "Data of more than 50,000 people in China: Nearly 60% of the high-risk population of lung cancer did not participate in the screening. What factors are affecting it? 》

4. China Expert Consensus on Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (2019 Edition)

　　According to the news of the Network Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, the public security organs of Fujian Province, in accordance with the unified arrangements of the Ministry of Public Security, carried out in-depth special actions to crack down on online rumors, adhered to the combination of cracking down according to law and comprehensive rectification, cracked 52 cases of various types, conducted in-depth investigation and inspection of 96 Internet companies and websites, instructed to clean up 1,138 pieces of online rumor information, and shut down 45 illegal accounts.

　　The following is a typical case:

　　1. Fuzhou police investigated and dealt with Chen Mou’s online rumor that "a KTV woman was splashed with hot soup".

　　In April, 2023, in order to gain attention, Chen Mou fabricated and published a rumor message on the network platform that "a woman in KTV was splashed with hot soup, and the incident occurred in Fuzhou", which caused a large number of netizens to forward it and caused bad influence.

　　After investigation according to law, Chen Mou confessed his illegal behavior. Fuzhou police imposed an administrative penalty on Chen Mou according to law, and took measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　2. Sanming police investigated and dealt with the online rumor that Luo Moumou fabricated "a student died in a traffic accident".

　　In April 2023, Luo Moumou posted information on the online platform, saying that "a traffic accident at a traffic light intersection in Sanming caused a student to die".

　　After investigation according to law, Luo confessed to his illegal behavior. In view of Luo’s minor violation of the law, Sanming police criticized and educated him according to law.

　　3. Quanzhou police investigated and dealt with Guo’s online rumor of "murder".

　　In May 2023, Guo posted information on the online platform, saying that "three people died" and "retaliated against the randomly selected targets of society". The rumor was widely forwarded on the network platform, disrupting public order.

　　After investigation according to law, Guo admitted that he fabricated and spread online rumors for the purpose of attracting attention. Quanzhou police imposed administrative punishment on Guo according to law and took measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　4. Fuzhou police investigated and dealt with the online rumor case that Xiao Moumou and Lin Moumou fabricated a "live broadcast platform PK contract".

　　In May 2023, in order to gain traffic and increase network popularity, Xiao Moumou and Lin Moumou released an offline live video on a network platform. The content of the live video was rumor information, which was a "script" written, directed and performed by them. Their behavior caused heated discussion among netizens who did not know the truth and disturbed social public order.

　　After investigation according to law, Xiao Moumou and Lin Moumou confessed to the illegal acts. Fuzhou police imposed administrative penalties on the two according to law and took measures to shut down the rumor network account.

　　5. Putian police investigated and dealt with the online rumor case of "Chen Mou died in Putian" fabricated by Ke Moumou.

　　In May, 2023, in order to gain attention and attract attention, Ke Moumou posted online rumor information of "Chen Mou died in Putian" on the online platform, claiming that a woman, Chen Mou, was strangled by her boyfriend and hid in the closet, and was discovered only seven days later. This rumor information has aroused the attention and hot discussion of netizens on the Internet, disrupting social public order.

　　After investigation according to law, Ke confessed to his illegal behavior. Putian police imposed administrative punishment on Ke Moumou according to law and took measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　6. Nanping police investigated and dealt with the online rumor that Wang Moumou fabricated "Henan spent 490,000 yuan to help farmers transplant 2 mu".

　　In May 2023, in order to gain attention and attract traffic, Wang Moumou made a rumor on the online platform that "Henan spent 490,000 mu to help farmers transplant rice seedlings" and posted it on the online platform, which aroused widespread concern in society, seriously disrupted the public order of the network and caused bad social impact.

　　After interrogation according to law, Wang confessed to his illegal behavior. Nanping police took criminal compulsory measures against Wang Moumou according to law and took measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　7. Xiamen police investigated and dealt with the online rumor that Zhou fabricated "the female corpse of Xiang ‘an Tianqiao".

　　In June, 2023, in order to gain attention, Zhou released the rumor information that "a female body appeared on the overpass of Xiang ‘an Avenue in Zhengban Village, Xiang ‘an District, and the cause of death was homicide", which was forwarded many times, causing public heated discussion and disturbing social public order.

　　After investigation according to law, Zhou confessed to his illegal behavior. Xiamen police imposed administrative punishment on Zhou according to law and took measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　8. Xiamen police investigated and dealt with Lin’s online rumor that "a state-owned enterprise called the police to bully the people".

　　In June 2023, Lin saw a policeman downstairs, and heard that an old man fell to the ground. Without knowing the truth, he fabricated and published rumors such as "an enterprise is a state-owned enterprise, calling police to bully ordinary people" on the online platform, which triggered public discussion and disrupted social public order.

　　After investigation according to law, Lin confessed to his illegal behavior. Xiamen police imposed administrative punishment on Lin according to law and took measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　9. Putian police investigated and dealt with Zheng Moumou’s online rumor of "abnormal death of the elderly next to the hotel".

　　In June 2023, in order to gain attention, Zheng Moumou fabricated and published the rumor video information of "abnormal death of the elderly next to the hotel" on the online platform. The rumor information quickly attracted the attention of netizens and caused adverse social impact.

　　After investigation according to law, Zheng confessed to the illegal act. Putian police imposed administrative punishment on Zheng Moumou according to law and took measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　10. Longyan police investigated and dealt with the online rumor that Qin Moumou fabricated "a disabled female student in a special education school was raped".

　　In July 2023, in order to earn traffic, Zou posted online rumors that "disabled female students in special education schools were raped" on several online platforms, which caused bad influence and disrupted public order. After investigation according to law, Qin confessed to his illegal behavior.

　　Longyan police imposed administrative punishment on Qin Moumou according to law and took measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　Cctv news(News Network): The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs announced today (October 29) that since the beginning of this year, China’s agricultural and rural economy has maintained a good momentum of development in general, achieving stability and progress.

　　Grain production is improving steadily, with a bumper harvest of early rice in summer and another bumper harvest in autumn.

　　The supply of "vegetable basket" products is of high quality. The production capacity of live pigs is at a reasonable level, and the market supply is guaranteed in the later period.

　　The results of poverty alleviation continued to be consolidated. 832 poverty-stricken counties have cultivated two or three leading industries. At the end of September, the number of migrant workers out of poverty reached 32.687 million, exceeding the annual target.

　　The industry of enriching the people in rural areas has been cultivated and expanded. In the first three quarters, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industry increased by 1.9% year-on-year, and the online retail sales of agricultural products reached 374.51 billion yuan, up by 8.8% year-on-year.

　　Driven by industry and employment and entrepreneurship, farmers’ income has grown steadily. In the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 14,600 yuan, a real increase of 4.3%.

In early trading, oil futures opened lower, vegetable oil and soybean oil fell more than 3%, and palm oil fell more than 1%. Ruida Futures said that the export data of horse palm fell in the first ten days of November, and there were rumors that Indonesia might slow down the plan to improve biodiesel blending requirements. In addition, Lee Zeldin, a former congressman from New York, is expected to be the director of the US Environmental Protection Agency. He is regarded as an opponent of the biofuel industry, suppressing the high level of oil and fat, dragging down the domestic market. Domestically, in the short term, domestic rapeseed supply is still abundant, and vegetable oil stocks remain relatively high. However, the strong palm oil market boosted the vegetable oil market. Guoxin Futures said that due to the lack of further new trends in China-Canada trade policy, market rumors continued, the pressure on vegetable oil supply was heavy, and bulls concentrated on leaving. Oil entered the adjustment period in the short term, and the bulls held it cautiously.