Compared with other bears, the short kiss (nose bridge), wide cheeks, round big head, a pair of figure-eight dark circles and wobbly walking posture … The baby (cub) characteristics of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) inspire our instinct to protect our cubs, and few people refuse to be cute.

Panda cubs. | Li Binbin

Panda is cute, but cute is not enough to be the reason why we spend a lot of money and material resources to protect a species. Are pandas doomed to extinction? Are we wasting resources on protecting this species? To answer these questions, we need to break three rumors first.

Rumor 1. Pandas have reached a dead end of evolution.

Many people say that giant pandas should eat meat for a living, but they are vegetarian and choose bamboo, which is the most difficult to swallow and not nutritious among plants. In essence, bamboo is a woody grass (monocotyledonous Gramineae), and more than 90% of its dry weight is lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Cellulose and hemicellulose up to 65%. In addition, it also contains a lot of silicon, which can be said to be firm, hard and nutritious. Eating it is like eating squeezed bagasse.

The panda’s main food looks particularly palatable. ｜Chi / flickr

Although the entrance of bamboo is not good, it is widely distributed and abundant, and other animals don’t eat it. Hiding in the bamboo forest can also avoid large animals such as saber-toothed tigers. Moreover, some studies show that pandas lost their umami receptors 4.2 million years ago due to gene mutation (Tas1r1 pseudogeneization), which means that meat and panda food are boring. However, it’s hard to have a definite answer whether you don’t think the meat is fragrant first or you start eating bamboo first. We can guess why pandas eat bamboo, but it is difficult to prove it. But come to think of it carefully, no matter what hypothesis, this great change in feeding has helped pandas to reduce their direct competition with other species to a great extent, which is a wise move.

In Qinling Mountains, pandas eat bamboo. | Li Binbin

Although the food habit has turned to bamboo, the digestive system of panda still retains the characteristics of carnivore, and the food stays and digests for a short time, and there is no enzyme that can decompose cellulose and lignin. However, the panda is not a sad fat man. It has evolved many magical weapons by virtue of its brute strength. Since food is poor in nutrition and difficult to decompose and absorb, you should keep eating it efficiently and laboriously.

Weapon 1. False thumb and good mouth

Panda’s wrist sesamoid specialized into the sixth finger "pseudo thumb". It enables pandas to have a grip function that other bears don’t have, so they can grasp it better, perform more precise operations, and eat bamboo flexibly and in one go. This kind of grip is not common, except koalas, North American opossums (toes) and most primates, which also eat bamboo pandas. Among them, only the big panda and the little panda specially developed the "sixth finger" to hold the other five fingers. The giant panda and the little panda are not closely related, but in order to adapt to eating bamboo, they have evolved the same characteristics, which is called "convergent evolution".

The fake thumb is the meat pad near the panda’s right eye. There are no claws on this finger. Panda’s hind paw doesn’t have a sixth finger. If you have a chance to see the panda’s front footprints, it will be six finger prints and five paw prints. ｜Thibaud Despres / animalli.com

Compared with all kinds of bears, panda’s bite force is second only to polar bears and brown bears. It has powerful masticatory muscles and a heavy and thick skull, which provides structural support for its strong bite force (there is a reason for its face). Eating bamboo is like eating cucumber. Bite it neatly and never drag your feet. This flat food mark is one of the signs of panda identification in the wild. So, don’t touch the panda at will, be careful to grab your hand and take a bite …

The "fake thumb" made the panda realize the opposite grip. By the way, see how good the mouth is. | Dong Lei

Weapon 2. Specially equipped intestines

Pandas also increase the surface area of absorbed substances by increasing the number and length of intestinal villi. At the same time, their intestinal secretions increase, protecting the intestines from being pricked by bamboo with high silicon content; These secretions will also be wrapped outside the stool to help the stool be discharged smoothly. Some of the scraped cells make it possible for researchers to extract DNA from panda poop-using this DNA information, we can carry out the related work of panda individual identification.

Panda poop, from which researchers can extract panda DNA. The depth of color depends on whether it eats bamboo leaves or bamboo poles. ｜WWF-UK

Weapon 3. Patience and wisdom

Pandas not only eat efficiently, but also have special patience. Pandas in the wild spend more than half (10 ~ 14 hours) eating every day, and most of the rest time is spent sleeping. The daily intake can reach 12 ~ 40 kg (depending on which part you eat), which is close to 20 ~ 40% of your body weight. However, because of the lack of nutrition and water, most of bamboo is discharged. Whether you eat or sleep, you can’t stop the panda from defecating. In the wild where pandas are distributed, their droppings are very existential-shuttle-shaped, in which bamboo poles and leaves can be clearly distinguished, without odor, and thrown into alcohol like green tea.

Panda poop is also a popular science prop in the zoo. ｜hannah

Pandas eat bamboo and are clever. Bamboo shoots are the most nutritious, so from early spring, pandas will chase the bamboo shoots all the way and eat them from low altitude to high altitude. In summer, bamboo leaves have the best nutrition, so they are eaten tightly. In winter, nutrition runs to bamboo poles, and pandas chew hard goods. Therefore, pandas can be distributed from the low valley to the altitude limit of bamboo of about 3500 meters, and rely on seasonal vertical migration to meet their own nutritional needs.

Therefore, pandas are not a failure in evolutionary history, they are the winners of the cunning [guǐ jué].

Proverbs 2. Pandas are "frigid" and have difficulty in reproduction.

In addition to the migration law, the breeding time of giant pandas is also related to the growth rhythm of bamboo. March to May is the mating season for pandas. Although females are only in estrus for two or three days and males are short, it does not prevent pandas from exuberant sexual desire and reproduction in the wild. Females can mate with multiple males in a short estrus period, while males look for females in estrus everywhere, and they can sow everywhere as long as they can beat other competitors.

Pandas are sexually mature at the age of 4-5. As long as they are not raising their cubs, all individuals will participate in breeding and can’t stop them. After mating, they return to their own solitary lives, do not interfere with each other, and will not raise the next generation together. This kind of open mating with multiple females and males is not "frigid" at all.

Pandas breed once every two or three years, with 1 ~ 2 babies each time, and they will choose to raise stronger babies to grow up, with a survival rate as high as 60 ~ 90%. This reproduction rate is not bad at all in higher animals. That pandas can’t be born is only blinded by the news in captivity.

Pandas who like to climb and hug trees and rest on them. Panda cubs tend to stay in trees for a long time to avoid natural enemies. | Li Binbin

Panda’s birth date is nearly half a year from mating, but their eggs are dormant after fertilization and float in the uterus until certain conditions are met, and then they will fall on the uterine wall and begin to develop. This is delayed implantation of the bear. For pandas, the intrauterine development time is less than two months, so the cubs born are only one-third as heavy as a can of coke. Some researchers suspect that the condition of fertilized eggs implantation is that the mother changes from eating bamboo shoots to eating bamboo leaves rich in calcium.

Sudden birth. Pay attention to the cub’s size. ｜ panda

After birth, the baby will cling to his mother for milk like a follower until he is nine months old and begins to eat bamboo. It’s April and May when spring is blooming, and fresh and tender bamboo shoots rich in protein come out. This breeding cycle can just make the next generation catch up with the best season. Individuals who can reproduce so far can of course make full use of the food growth cycle.

Proverbs 3. When bamboo blooms, pandas will starve to death.

Bamboo does have periodic collective flowering and then die in pieces. However, there are nearly 40 species of bamboo distributed in the panda’s habitat, which can be eaten by pandas. The collective flowering cycle of bamboo is different. When one kind of bamboo blooms, pandas move to other places to find another kind of bamboo to eat.

There are many bamboos that pandas can eat, such as Muzhu (left) and Arrow Bamboo (right). ｜ plantphoto.cn

Pandas are highly nearsighted, but in the dense bamboo forests under the forest, your eyesight is useless, even if there are fairies a few meters away, you can’t see them. The panda has an excellent sense of smell. Before you see it, it can smell that you are not the same kind. The first reaction will be to avoid it and walk away silently. At the same time, they also distinguish territories and convey courtship signals through smell marks. When the tail is tilted, urine is mixed through the secretion of perianal glands to mark the trunk.

Watch the tail carefully! Although it is less than 20 cm, it is still the longest tail among bears except lazy bears. No matter how dirty you sit, it is white, not black. ｜cliff1066™ / flickr

Truth 1. The threat of pandas lies in the loss of habitat.

Delicious and edible bamboo needs the protection of the forest. If there is no shade, bamboo will grow too dense and thick. At the same time, forests with less interference often have big trees, which can provide pandas with litter holes. This is why a good forest is so important to pandas.

Panda habitat in Wang Lang National Nature Reserve, healthy bamboo forest under spruce and fir. | Li Binbin

Looking up at the trees in the sky, looking down at the green bamboos, hanging branches of pineapples, densely covered with moss, and flowing through the gentle slopes, this is the paradise of pandas. With their unique choices, the uncontested pandas could have lived in peace all the time. They are not short of food.

However, the sound of deforestation sounded, all avenues passed through the forest, bulldozers pushed away the shelter, and brought the imprint of the city. Hydropower, minerals, farmland, grazing, and even commercial tourism development, uncontrolled people and traffic are squeezing the panda’s wild habitat step by step, breaking it into parts and "breaking it down one by one." Taking Wang Lang Giant Panda Reserve as an example, grazing has led to the degradation or even disappearance of more than one third of the panda habitat. The reduction and fragmentation of habitats, coupled with rapid climate change, are the real threats faced by pandas.

Bamboo that died after being eaten by cattle and horses in the panda habitat in Pingwu, Sichuan. | Li Binbin

Although the number of pandas has increased in the past decade, it has been divided into 33 local populations, of which 18 local populations have fewer than 10 individuals, which is highly endangered. They are separated from other local populations by natural or artificial barriers, making it difficult for individuals and genes to communicate. If bamboo blooms and dies, another kind of green bamboo may not be far away, but there is no ecological corridor connecting the two areas, so pandas can’t get through; If a malignant disease strikes, the local population is too similar, and it is difficult for individuals to survive with disease-resistant genes-the result may be the collapse of a local population. With the rapid climate change, the growth mode and scope of bamboo have changed. Will the giant pandas have time to migrate and adapt? Are their prospects optimistic?

Truth 2. Protecting pandas is not only protecting pandas.

As the only country with wild giant pandas, our protection should not stop at expanding the captive population. It is more reasonable to put resources into the protection of wild habitats. This kind of protection not only protects pandas, but also protects the lifeblood of other creatures.

Because of the establishment of the panda reserve, these areas still retain intact virgin forests. The picture shows Wang Lang National Nature Reserve in Sichuan. | Li Binbin

The distribution area of pandas happens to be the area with the highest concentration of endemic species in China, and 96% of panda habitats are hot spots of endemic species distribution in China (endemic species in China, that is, creatures you can’t find outside China). There are more than 8,000 species of animals and plants in the panda habitat, covering 70% of mammals endemic to China, 70% of birds endemic to China and 30% of amphibians endemic to the forest. It can be said that protecting any forest that pandas like sheltered many unknown, unique and possibly endangered species.

Nearly one-third of the national hotspots of mammals, birds and amphibians are located in the panda habitat. ｜ShutterPulp / flickr

For these species, it may be difficult for you to find them cute, it may be difficult for you to donate money to them, it may be difficult for you to know their existence or even remember their names, and their disappearance may be neglected. However, a healthy ecosystem, a vibrant forest, is marked by these species, as well as the known or unknown intricate relationship between species.

I don’t know if we are too lucky. In the southwest mountainous area of China, a biodiversity hotspot that is even important to the whole world, there is a star species, the panda, that people all over the world pay attention to. Because of this concern, compared with other areas in China, it is considered a lucky land. Panda is like a big umbrella, protecting these creatures who live in the same land with it.

Author: Li Binbin

Editor: hannah

An AI

You love pandas, are you willing to pay more attention to their wild homes, and are you willing to use your choices to support local people to find reasons and motivation to protect forests?

This article comes from the shell and cannot be reproduced without authorization.

Read the original text

Metal materials play an important role in the evolution of chip technology. In the process of shrinking the size of advanced processes, precious metals and their alloy materials play a key role in realizing small line width, low resistivity and high adhesion. After entering the 21st century, about 40 elements have been added to chip materials, of which about 90% are precious metals and transition metals.

Precious metal is one of the drivers of advanced chip technology. Intel has recently introduced antimony and ruthenium as metal contacts, which makes the capacitance smaller and breaks through the limitation of silicon. Previously, Intel took the lead in introducing cobalt materials into some interconnection layers of 10nm process nodes, which improved the electron mobility by 5-10 times and reduced the path resistance by 2 times.

Intel is not alone in the exploration of interconnected materials. Applied material is one of the first semiconductor technology manufacturers to use cobalt as wire material to replace traditional copper and tungsten. Grofonder also used cobalt instead of tungsten in the 7nm process. At present, Samsung and TSMC are also actively developing new interconnection materials. It is expected that in the near future, a new generation of interconnection materials, such as cobalt alloy, ruthenium and rhodium, will be on the scene, building a bridge for advanced process chips.

How to connect the roads in "Chip City"

"If a chip is compared to a city, then the transistor is its core area, which is responsible for the operation of information, and the interconnection layer is equivalent to the road of the city responsible for the traffic between information and the outside world." In an interview with the reporter of China Electronic News, Dr. Sheng Haifeng, a senior engineer of Magnesium Light, made such a vivid metaphor.

Sheng Haifeng believes that under Moore’s Law, when the transistors in the core area are getting smaller and denser, the road will become narrower and denser. When the density of the core area reaches a certain level, the transportation capacity of the road, that is, the RC delay of the interconnection layer, becomes the bottleneck of the speed improvement and power consumption reduction of the whole chip. In this case, the metal material of the interconnection layer needs to be upgraded to speed up the "road" of the transistor core area.

The continuation of Moore’s law is closely related to the evolution of interconnected materials. As the technical director, Chen Wang, a researcher from Tsinghua University, has worked for Intel and Fanlin Semiconductor, a chip equipment manufacturer, and has conducted in-depth research on high-end chip materials and advanced chip manufacturing and architecture. Chen Wang explained to the reporter of "China Electronic News" that the interconnection material is actually the wire for the interconnection and transmission of electrical signals between the front-end transistor layer and the back-end external circuit layer.

The enhancement of quantum effect is a big challenge for interconnected materials. Chen Wang told reporters that at present, the transistor has entered the sub-10nm scale in several geometric dimensions, and the quantum effect of materials has begun to be significant. If the transistor continues to be miniaturized, it will meet the challenges of materials, processes and device structures. As the core of connecting the front-end transistor layer and the outermost package ball layer, the miniaturization of interconnection materials at the middle and back ends is also facing the challenge of enhancing quantum effect.

Copper and "Damascus Process"

In the 1990s, the semiconductor manufacturing process entered the era of 0.18 micron, and the aluminum interconnection technology in the latter part met with a huge bottleneck. To this end, major semiconductor manufacturing companies in the world are looking for metals that can replace aluminum. Because copper is not expensive, has good conductivity and is easy to deposit, everyone thinks of copper in unison. However, because copper can’t be dry etched, the back-end interconnection problem can’t be solved for a long time.

In search of inspiration, an IBM engineer came to Damascus, which is known as the "garden on earth". By chance, he saw a craftsman who was engaged in metal inlaying in a remote corner.

When observing the craftsman’s mosaic technology, engineers keep seeing such scenes in their minds: carving is similar to etching, and mosaic is similar to deposition. He suddenly realized that copper can be deposited although it cannot be etched. Similar to Damascus process, engineers can etch the pattern film for metal wires on the dielectric layer first, and then fill the metal to realize multi-layer metal interconnection without etching the metal layer. In this way, the engineer successfully solved the technical problem of copper interconnection, and named this process Damascus process.

The times are progressing and the line width is shrinking. In 2018, companies such as Applied Materials used cobalt as wire material to replace traditional copper and tungsten wires in some areas.

Talking about the intergenerational changes of aluminum, copper and cobalt wires, Sheng Haifeng told reporters that copper replaces aluminum because it has better conductivity and can reduce the resistance in RC delay. In many logic chips, copper completely replaces aluminum, that is, all interconnection layers are upgraded to copper. But the substitution of cobalt for copper is different. Cobalt only has the advantage of conductivity to copper when the interconnect layer is very narrow, so cobalt only replaces copper in metal 0 layer (M0) and metal 1 layer (M1), and copper will continue to be used in other interconnect layers.

From cobalt to ruthenium and rhodium

Intel took the lead in introducing cobalt materials into some interconnection layers of 10nm process nodes, which improved the electron mobility by 5-10 times and reduced the path resistance by 2 times. The application material is one of the first semiconductor manufacturers to use cobalt as wire material to replace traditional copper and tungsten. Grofonder also used cobalt instead of tungsten in the 7nm fabrication process.

How to keep the resistivity at a low level at the scale of 20nm or even less is the core of the research and development of interconnection materials. Chen Wang said that although the introduction of cobalt has brought many problems in yield and reliability, it is a big leap in the field of interconnection materials, breaking through the existing copper material system and improving the overall performance of 10nm chips.

More importantly, the introduction of cobalt makes a good technical reserve for the later smaller node technology, and it is expected that the performance of the node will be improved more significantly after 7nm.

Interconnection materials are evolving towards ultra-thin, low resistivity, no barrier layer and low delay. At present, Samsung and TSMC are actively developing new interconnection materials. Chen Wang said that in the near future, a new generation of interconnection materials such as cobalt alloy, ruthenium and rhodium are also expected to appear.

At the same time, interconnection lines without diffusion barrier, even embedded interconnection rails under the transistor layer, are also the direction to solve the challenge of interconnection materials.

Introducing new metal materials to help advanced process

Precious metal materials play an important role in the evolution of chip technology. Chi Xiannian, an expert in semiconductor industry, told the reporter of China Electronic News that semiconductor chips are developing towards the trend of small size, high speed and low power consumption, which requires low contact resistance of contact points, good thermal stability and adhesion in a wide temperature range, and higher requirements are also put forward for lateral uniformity and thin diffusion layer.

Therefore, precious metals and their alloy materials play a key role in realizing small line width, low resistivity, high adhesion and low contact resistance in the process of shrinking the size of advanced processes.

In the process of continuous improvement of chip technology, the main challenge faced by transistors is to suppress short channel effect. Sheng Haifeng said that at this stage, the FinFET process is extended to 3nm at most. GAAFET technology is the main direction at nodes below 3nm. GAAFET mainly uses traditional materials, and the biggest challenge is process precision control.

Facing this challenge, the introduction of new metal materials is more critical. Sheng Haifeng told reporters that Samsung used lanthanum doping to improve Vt (threshold voltage). For the interconnect layer, the introduction of new materials is not only the interconnect layer metal cobalt, but also the barrier layer between the interconnect layer metal and the interconnect layer insulation layer. The function of barrier layer is to bond interconnect metal and insulating layer, and to improve the reliability of electron migration of interconnect layer. Tantalum and ruthenium are new elements that have been used and are being explored in the barrier layer.

At present, the horn of the global 2nm chip process war has sounded. In 2011, FinFET technology was introduced into 22nm node to replace planar transistor; New processes such as GAA and CFET are expected to be gradually introduced around the 3nm node.

These processes will involve a lot of material problems such as doping control and strain control. Chen Wang told reporters that at the sub-1nm node, the challenges of related materials become more and more prominent, and the quantum effect of materials will play a significant role. At that time, the quantum effect control of silicon-based materials, the atomic processing of materials and the single electron fluctuation of devices will profoundly challenge the existing material system and manufacturing technology. It is imperative to introduce new material systems, such as layered semiconductors, new principle devices and new processing technologies.

"It is reported that two-dimensional semiconductor materials are expected to help break through the advanced process of 2 nanometers due to their small size." Wan Qing, a professor at the School of Electronic Science and Engineering of Nanjing University, told the reporter of China Electronic News.

90% of the newly added chip materials are metal.

Precious metals have excellent electrical conductivity, stability and thermal conductivity, and are the key core materials in the semiconductor industry. After entering the 21st century, about 40 elements have been added to the chip materials, of which about 90% are precious metals and transition metals, which shows the importance of the application of metal materials in the chip field.

Metal materials used in the field of chip manufacturing have a higher "threshold". Chi Xiannian told reporters that the contact resistance and nano-scale adhesion should be considered in chip-level metal materials, so metals such as copper and cobalt can only be used in chip manufacturing after they are made into high-purity targets or alloy targets. At present, Hershey in Germany, Honeywell International Co., Ltd. in the United States and Tocao Co., Ltd. in Japan mainly produce chip-level copper and cobalt.

Affected by the situation in Russia and Ukraine, palladium has become one of the hottest precious metals at present. Russia’s palladium production accounts for about 40% of the global total, and palladium exports account for 35%. Palladium can be used in semiconductor components such as sensors and is also one of the important raw materials for chip packaging.

He Jinjiang, deputy general manager of Youyan Yijin New Materials Co., Ltd. told the reporter of China Electronic News that palladium and silver palladium alloy are important materials for preparing MLCC capacitors and resonators; In the packaging process of semiconductor, palladium alloy and palladium-plated wire are mainly used as wire bonding for electronic packaging instead of gold wire; In addition, palladium can be used as palladium alloy solder for precise connection of components. Based on the characteristics of palladium, new materials and applications are also being developed.

Precious metal materials have four main applications in the field of chips. Chen Wang told the reporter of China Electronic News that the first is the interconnected materials. For example, early aluminum to copper, to Al-Cu alloy and tungsten, and the latest cobalt and ruthenium under research.

The second is the metal gate material. Since Intel introduced the high dielectric-metal-gate transistor structure at the 45nm node in 2007, materials such as tantalum, tantalum nitride, titanium nitride and TiAlN have been widely used, and metal silicide contact has also undergone an evolution from titanium, cobalt and nickel to metal silicide system.

The third is metal barrier adhesion layer materials, such as titanium/titanium nitride, tantalum/tantalum nitride and other barrier adhesion layer materials commonly used in chip manufacturing and advanced packaging.

The fourth is metal materials for back-end packaging, including traditional lead-based alloys and lead-free antimony, tin, silver and indium-based alloys. In addition, the later substrate interconnection also involves a large number of precious metal materials. Among them, the nano-bottom interconnection metal, metal gate material and barrier adhesion layer material at the front end of the chip are all the frontiers of metal material research and development. Therefore, how to maintain the characteristics of high conductivity, low electromigration, uniform crystallinity, high thermal diffusivity and process integration at small scale has become the research focus of chip metal materials and the material bottleneck of the next generation of high-performance chips.

Metal price increases have little impact on chips.

Important precious metals in integrated circuits mainly include gold, silver and platinum. At present, the changes in the situation in Russia and Ukraine have had an impact on the global supply of non-ferrous metals and precious metals such as aluminum, nickel, palladium and platinum, which has led to an increase in the prices of related products and frequent fluctuations in the precious metals market. As the whole semiconductor industry chain is closed to some extent, the supply chain problem of the whole industry chain has been highlighted by the impact of COVID-19 epidemic in the early stage. Many people in the industry are worried that the fluctuation of the precious metal market is likely to further disturb the stability of the supply chain of the chip industry chain.

Precious metal is one of the important semiconductor materials, and its price fluctuation will have a certain impact on the cost of chip manufacturing. Chi Xiannian told the reporter of China Electronic News that with the fluctuation of precious metal prices, the cost of chip manufacturing will also change. For example, in the case of unstable precious metal supply chain, the purchase price of precious metals will rise accordingly, which will lead to a simultaneous increase in the price of finished chips.

However, due to the small proportion of precious metals used in chips and the small actual demand, Wan Qing believes that the fluctuation of precious metal prices has little impact on the chip industry.

Take palladium as an example. The increase in palladium price will lead to an increase in the cost of the semiconductor industry, but considering the small demand for palladium for a single semiconductor product, the increase in palladium price has little impact on enterprises with high raw material inventory water level. In addition, precious metals such as palladium can be replaced by other precious metals, so it is unlikely to face such a serious problem as supply failure.

In Chen Wang’s view, the impact of precious metal market fluctuation on the semiconductor industry chain needs to be viewed from both short-term and long-term perspectives. Chen Wang told reporters that the overall cost of the chip lies in the manufacturing cost, which mainly comes from the process cost. Precious metals are indispensable in chip manufacturing. If the international unstable factors are increasing, the shortage of a certain key metal material will continue to impact the chip price in the short term. However, due to the relatively low proportion of precious metals in the overall material consumption and cost of the chip industry, the fluctuation of precious metal prices has limited impact on the chip industry chain in the short term.

In the long run, the post-epidemic era and the continuous changes in the situation in Russia and Ukraine may bring some potential unstable factors. Chen Wang believes that the chip’s long supply chain characteristics also determine its own vulnerability. Unstable factors caused by the complex international situation may further test the chip-related industrial chain, such as affecting the layout and integration of materials, equipment and design industrial chains in the chip industry, and adversely affecting the layout and breakthrough of overall industrial optimization.

The superposition of various factors, such as the COVID-19 epidemic, makes the semiconductor supply chain in a relatively unstable state as a whole. Sheng Haifeng told the China Electronic News that the situation in Russia and Ukraine will definitely have an impact on the semiconductor supply chain, but this impact may not be limited to precious metals. For example, Ukraine is the main supplier of neon, and the complicated changes in the situation in Russia and Ukraine may affect the supply of neon. (Reporter Zhang Yiyi)

State and municipal people’s governments, provincial committees, offices, departments and bureaus:

The "15 measures on accelerating the expansion of application fields and cross-regional mutual recognition of electronic certificates" have been agreed by the provincial people’s government and are hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement them carefully.

General Office of Yunnan Provincial People’s Government

July 9, 2022

(This piece is publicly released)

15 measures on accelerating the expansion of application fields and cross-regional mutual recognition of electronic licenses

According to the spirit of "Opinions of General Office of the State Council on Accelerating the Expansion of Application Fields and National Mutual Recognition of Electronic Certificates" (No.3 [2022] of Guo Ban Fa) and "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Expanding Application Fields of Electronic Certificates and National Mutual Recognition in 2022", this measure is formulated in combination with the reality of our province in order to accelerate the expansion of application and mutual recognition of electronic certificates, improve the level of government services and optimize the business environment.

First, promote the standardization of electronic licenses.

(a) to strengthen the application of national electronic license standards. Strictly implement the national standards of electronic license application business, data, technology, management and security, and refine the specifications of electronic license signature, electronic seal password application and the use specifications of electronic license in mobile services, self-service and other fields. In accordance with the relevant standards and issuance rules of electronic certificates formulated by the national industry authorities, we will promote the comprehensive standardization of commonly used electronic certificates such as identity cards, household registration books, business licenses, social organization registration certificates, business licenses, professional qualification certificates, real estate registration certificates, birth medical certificates, and academic degree certificates. The establishment of the province’s government service platform (hereinafter referred to as the provincial platform) electronic license issuance, license list and dynamic update, to meet the needs of all localities and relevant departments of electronic license application. According to the national electronic license filing standards, formulate measures for the management of electronic files of government services in our province, promote the electronic management of the whole process of filing and transfer of government services, and ensure the reliable source, standardized procedures and compliance of elements of the formed electronic files.(Responsible units: General Office of the Provincial Government, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Education, Provincial Department of Civil Affairs, Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, Provincial Department of Natural Resources, Provincial Health and Wellness Commission, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Archives Bureau, Provincial State Password Administration and other departments; Time limit for completion: before the end of June 2023)

(two) to speed up the standardization of stock licenses. With reference to the list of license types published by the national government service platform, we will standardize and digitally transform the existing licenses of our departments, industries and fields in accordance with national standards, and all of them will be gathered in the unified electronic license library of the provincial platform to ensure "returning to the original" and fully support the development of electronic applications and national mutual recognition. Relying on the unified electronic seal system of the provincial platform, the collection and filing of seals involved in the collection of licenses should be done simultaneously to ensure the full coverage of electronic seals of electronic licenses.(Responsible unit: relevant departments of the province; Time limit for completion: before the end of June 2023)

(three) to promote the standardization of incremental licenses. All localities and relevant departments should rely on the unified electronic license system and the unified electronic seal system of the provincial platform to promote the standardization, electronicization and normalization of incremental electronic licenses (except those issued by the vertical management information system of the State Council departments). Do not have the standardized conditions, in accordance with national standards, the use of provincial platform unified electronic license system issued. With standardized conditions, the department license system will issue licenses, and connect with the unified electronic license system of the provincial platform. By calling the standardized certification interface issued by the unified electronic license system of the provincial platform, the license data will be collected into the unified electronic license database of the provincial platform in real time; If the license information changes, the department license system will update it to the unified electronic license database of the provincial platform synchronously to ensure data consistency.(Responsible unit: the people’s governments of various states and municipalities, and relevant departments directly under the provincial level; Time limit for completion: before the end of December 2022 and for a long time)

(four) efforts to improve the quality of electronic license data. In accordance with the principle of "who issues and checks", the license issuing department is responsible for checking and correcting the missing data elements and the adjustment of issuing institutions of the issued electronic licenses in accordance with the relevant measures for the issuance of electronic licenses by the competent departments of the industry, so as to improve the data quality of electronic licenses. Relying on the national government service platform, provincial platform and its mobile terminal, 12345 government service convenience hotline and other channels, establish and improve the workflow of electronic license data quality objection, complaint handling and rapid check and update, and continuously improve the integrity, accuracy and sharing timeliness of electronic license data.(Responsible unit: the people’s governments of various states and municipalities, and relevant departments directly under the provincial level; Time limit for completion: long-term adherence)

Two, promote the electronic license to expand the application field

(5) Expand the application of personal electronic certificates. Promote electronic certificates such as birth medical certificate, household registration book, ID card, social security card, academic degree certificate, professional qualification certificate, driver’s license and newly applied marriage (divorce) certificate, immovable property right certificate, immovable property registration certificate, elderly card, basic medical insurance participation certificate, urban workers’ basic old-age insurance payment certificate, medical insurance electronic certificate, etc. In marriage registration, birth registration, housing provident fund transfer and connection in different places, employment and entrepreneurship, household registration transfer, social security card application, pension insurance relationship transfer and connection, reimbursement for medical treatment in different places, real estate registration, vocational qualification examination registration, transportation, cultural tourism, medical treatment and other application scenarios, each type of electronic license promotion is not less than 2 application scenarios.(Responsible units: Provincial Department of Education, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Civil Affairs, Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Department of Natural Resources, Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau, Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, and other departments, and the people’s governments of various states and cities; Time limit for completion: before the end of December 2022)

(six) to expand the application of enterprise electronic certificates. Promote electronic certificates such as business license, production and operation license, testing and certification, water intake license, building construction permits, qualification certificate of construction enterprises, qualification certificate of real estate development enterprises, qualification certificate of construction engineering quality inspection institutions, qualification certificate of engineering supervision, mining license, safety production license, hygiene license, hygiene license of disinfection products production enterprises, engineering design qualification certificate and engineering survey qualification certificate, It is fully applied in the fields of enterprise registration, operation, investment, engineering construction, tax payment, social security, medical security, housing accumulation fund, transportation, public resource transaction, financial services, administrative law enforcement, market supervision, etc., and each type of electronic license is promoted with no less than 2 application scenarios.(Responsible units: Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, Provincial Department of Water Resources, Provincial Department of Natural Resources, Provincial Emergency Department, Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Department of Transportation, Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau, Provincial Taxation Bureau, Yunnan Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau and other departments, and the people’s governments of various states and cities; Time limit for completion: before the end of December 2022)

(seven) to promote the social application of electronic certificates. Relying on the provincial platform electronic license sharing service system, focusing on the diverse needs of society, and on the premise of ensuring the security of personal identity information, we will actively promote the socialized application of electronic licenses among licensees such as enterprises, social organizations and individuals around scenes and fields such as contract conclusion, personnel recruitment, transportation, culture and tourism. The electronic license issuing department shall regularly publish the electronic license technology and usage specifications and provide necessary service guarantee, and the electronic license using department shall timely publish the list of socialized application scenarios and application guides of electronic licenses to promote the wide application of electronic licenses in the whole society.(Responsible units: Provincial Department of Civil Affairs, Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Department of Transportation, Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Provincial Health and Wellness Commission, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Yunnan Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau and other departments, and the people’s governments of various states and cities; Time limit for completion: obvious results will be achieved before the end of December 2023 and will be adhered to for a long time)

(eight) to explore the innovative application of electronic certificates. Accelerate the application of new technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain, and continuously improve the intelligent level of electronic license application. Relying on the provincial platform to build a user-specific space, build an enterprise and personal data archive, promote the application of "certificate-free office" such as scanning code and bright certificate, one-click authorization and one-click reuse of electronic certificates, and promote the integration and convenient application of electronic certificates. Support all localities to explore the establishment of a "one-card" service for residents with electronic social security cards and other commonly used electronic licenses as carriers, and realize "treatment in the same city" in urban transportation, tourism and cultural experience. On the premise of protecting personal privacy and ensuring data security, explore the participation of enterprises and social organizations in providing electronic license services.(Responsible units: General Office of the provincial government, Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau and other departments, and the people’s governments of various states and cities; Time limit for completion: obvious results will be achieved before the end of December 2023 and will be adhered to for a long time)

(9) Deepen the online and offline integrated application of electronic certificates. Expand the channels for receiving and using electronic licenses on provincial platforms and their mobile terminals, self-service terminals and manual service windows, so as to achieve online and offline integration, data homology and synchronous update. We will promote the development and transformation of electronic licenses offline, and integrate the application of the application acceptance system in the provincial platform to ensure that licenses are issued in government service centers and convenience service centers (stations) at all levels. Promote the application of electronic certificate "trusted QR code" in online and offline association, verification and reuse. Adhere to the traditional service mode and intelligent service innovation in parallel, strengthen the physical license service guarantee, and meet the needs of various groups such as the elderly and the disabled.(Lead unit: General Office of the provincial government; Cooperating units: the people’s governments of various states and municipalities, and relevant departments directly under the provincial level; Time limit for completion: before the end of December 2022)

Third, promote mutual recognition of electronic licenses.

(ten) improve the collaborative promotion mechanism of electronic license application. The general office of the provincial government, the provincial public security department, the provincial market supervision bureau and other departments will coordinate the mutual recognition of electronic license applications, solve the key and difficult problems existing in the promotion, and promote the cross-regional and cross-departmental cooperation of electronic license applications. Formulate and improve the workflow of cross-regional mutual recognition of electronic certificates, and clarify the responsibilities and obligations of all aspects of electronic certificates, such as issuing, holding, using, sharing, archiving and handing over, to ensure clear rights and responsibilities. Formulate administrative measures for the application and issuance of electronic seals by administrative organs, enterprises, institutions and social organizations, and clarify the subject, production standards and application rules of electronic seals.(Responsible units: the general office of the provincial government, the provincial public security department, the provincial market supervision bureau, the provincial state password administration and other departments, and the people’s governments of various states and municipalities; Time limit for completion: before the end of December 2022)

(eleven) to promote mutual recognition of electronic certificates. Provincial platform unified electronic license database is a unified data source for mutual recognition of electronic licenses in the province. All localities and relevant departments obtain electronic license data through the provincial platform government service data resource center, promote the docking of supply and demand of license data and the mutual recognition of electronic licenses throughout the province, and have the same legal effect as paper licenses, which can be used as the basis for handling government service matters. The unified electronic license system of the provincial platform is connected to the electronic license sharing acceptance service system of the national government service platform, and the electronic license sharing acceptance service system of the national government service platform is connected to the relevant electronic license systems of national ministries and other provinces and cities. All localities, relevant departments, enterprises and the masses, who need to obtain electronic certificates across provinces, rely on the provincial platform government service data resource center to obtain relevant data. The electronic license data of other provinces and cities obtained through the provincial platform have the same legal effect as the paper license, and can be used as the basis for inter-provincial government service matters unless otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.(Responsible unit: the people’s governments of various states and municipalities, and relevant departments directly under the provincial level; Time limit for completion: obvious results will be achieved before the end of December 2023 and will be adhered to for a long time)

Fourth, strengthen the application support of electronic licenses.

(twelve) to improve the data sharing and reuse ability of the government service data resource center. Upgrade the functions of cataloging, registering, hooking, subscribing and publishing the data resources of the provincial platform government service data resource center, improve the external standardized service interfaces of the provincial platform unified electronic license system and unified electronic seal system, and ensure that all localities and relevant departments subscribe to the relevant interfaces as needed to obtain electronic license or electronic seal data.(Lead unit: General Office of the provincial government; Cooperating units: the people’s governments of various states and municipalities, and relevant departments directly under the provincial level; Time limit for completion: before the end of December 2022)

(thirteen) to enhance the support and guarantee ability of the unified electronic license system. Strengthen the provincial platform to provide full-process support for the departments’ business systems, such as certificate making, issuing, holding, using, sharing, archiving and handing over, and provide convenient public interface services for government departments, enterprises and the masses, such as the generation, issuance, preview, download, annotation, verification and traceability of electronic certificates. According to the principle of "who issues and verifies", the provincial platform is responsible for providing verification services for electronic certificates issued in the province, and providing verification data circulation services for the vertical management information system of the State Council departments and electronic certificates issued outside the province through the interface of the electronic certificate sharing service system of the national government service platform.(Lead unit: General Office of the provincial government; Cooperating units: the people’s governments of various states and municipalities, and relevant departments directly under the provincial level; Time limit for completion: before the end of December 2022)

(fourteen) to enhance the support and guarantee ability of electronic seals. Improve the online seal application filing, online renewal, statistical analysis, trace tracing and other functions of the unified electronic seal system of the provincial platform, and provide public interface services of electronic seals such as electronic seal stamping, electronic material filling, stamp inspection and signature inspection. Relying on the national integrated government service platform, in accordance with the principle of "who signs (signs) and who verifies", we will provide cross-provincial and cross-departmental inspection and signing services for electronic documents such as electronic certificates, electronic invoices and electronic contracts, so as to facilitate enterprises and the masses to use electronic signatures and electronic seals to handle government service matters. Relying on electronic business license and electronic authentication service, we will build a unified service system for the simultaneous production, distribution and use of electronic business license and enterprise electronic seal, promote the simultaneous distribution of electronic business license and enterprise electronic seal, trust and recognize each other across regions and departments, and expand the application of electronic business license, electronic signature and electronic seal in the field of enterprise-related services; Accelerate the construction of a service mechanism and system for electronic signatures and seals of various subjects such as institutions, social organizations and individuals, encourage third-party electronic certification service institutions to accelerate innovation, and realize the integration and development of different forms of electronic licenses, electronic signatures and electronic seals. Encourage enterprises, institutions, social organizations, individuals and other subjects to carry out the socialized application of electronic signatures and electronic seals.(Lead units: General Office of the Provincial Government, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau and Provincial Public Security Department; Cooperating units: the people’s governments of various states and municipalities, and relevant departments directly under the provincial level; Time limit for completion: before the end of December 2023)

(fifteen) to improve the safety management and supervision ability of electronic license application. Strengthen the safety management of the issuance, collection, storage and use of the unified electronic license system and the unified electronic seal system on the provincial platform, and improve the traceability and accurate authorization of the electronic license system. Classified and hierarchical management of shared electronic certificates, strengthen the identity authentication, authorization management and personal information protection of certificate holders and users, strengthen the support of enterprise and mass identity authentication, and enhance the unified identity authentication ability of electronic certificates issuance and use. Severely crack down on counterfeiting in the process of making and generating electronic certificates according to law, put an end to unauthorized calls and retention of electronic certificate information, effectively guarantee the legal and compliant use of electronic certificates and related information, and protect the business secrets and personal information of the holders.(Responsible units: General Office of the provincial government, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial State Password Administration and other departments; Cooperating units: the people’s governments of various states and municipalities; Time limit for completion: long-term adherence)

States and cities should strengthen the overall planning of the application of local electronic licenses and cross-regional mutual recognition, further refine the implementation measures, strengthen the funding guarantee, shoulder the responsibility of compaction work, and increase the intensity of work. Relevant departments at the provincial level shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, guide, coordinate and promote the application of electronic certificates in their own industries and fields and cross-regional mutual recognition. All localities and relevant departments should take the scene application of electronic certificates as the goal orientation and promote the implementation of various measures. The general office of the provincial government will incorporate the implementation of all localities and relevant departments into the comprehensive performance evaluation of the province’s annual government service work, and strengthen supervision and evaluation.

Attachment: Division of Key Tasks for Expanding the Application Fields of Electronic Certificates in Yunnan Province and Inter-regional Mutual Recognition in 2022

attachment

Yunnan province’s electronic license expands its application fields and cross-regional interoperability and mutual recognition. Division of key tasks in 2022

　　[Car Handbook] At last year’s Guangzhou Auto Show, a new generation was officially launched. For domestic consumers, the starting price of 998,000 yuan is more than 100,000 yuan more expensive than the previous generation. Of course, the entry configuration is also kind, which makes the entry Cayenne look less plain, and the stocking situation of 4S stores will be much better than that of the old models. Of course, we often say that Porsche is optional, and the same is true for Cayenne. In the face of the dazzling selection table, how to choose it can not only meet your individual needs, but also not be shocked by the price at checkout. Today, we will sort it out for you through this interpretation of Cayenne selection.

■ Official model guide price

　　At present, there are three models of the new generation Porsche Cayenne on sale in Chinese mainland market, namely, Cayenne, Cayenne S and Cayenne Turbo, and the standard price is 998,000 yuan, 1.298 million yuan and 1.998 million yuan respectively. From the price point of view, the price of the entry-level Cayenne is about 110 thousand yuan higher than that of the previous generation, but after careful analysis, our extra 110 thousand yuan is not actually a price increase, but a real increase in configuration. In other words, most consumers will choose to install these things. Porsche, which has been deeply involved in the China market for many years, naturally understands the psychology of local consumers. There is no psychological difference between 900,000 yuan and 1 million yuan for most target consumers, but the feeling of "standard" is much better than "optional".

"Top: Cayenne bottom left: Cayenne S bottom right: Cayenne Turbo』"

　　Outside the car, the Cayenne comes standard with a full set of four wheels and 19-inch wheels, as well as front and rear reversing radars and electric tailgates, while the car comes standard with keyless start, front 14-way adjustable leather seats with memory and electric heating and an upgraded version of the smart interconnection module (Connect Plus, Including online navigation, 4G LTE telephone module with SIM card slot, wireless Internet connection, Porsche interconnection and CarPlay function), friends who are familiar with Cayenne will find that most of them are not available in the previous generation of entry-level models, in other words, the entry-level models of the new Cayenne are really nothing.

■ Interpretation of styles and prices of basic accessories

First, the body color

　　In terms of body color, the new Cayenne can provide a total of 8 kinds, namely 2 ordinary paints, 5 kinds and 1 special color scheme. Two of these ordinary paints are black/white, which is obviously not enough for Porsche owners who pursue individuality, so I would spend 14,200 yuan to choose a special color scheme for my car. Another special color scheme is officially called "Palladium Color", which is similar to local gold, and the price is as high as 32,000 yuan. Whether to choose this color depends on personal taste and the thickness of wallet.

Second, the rim style and specifications

　　There are 10 kinds of rim styles. The 19-inch rim styles standard on Cayenne and Cayenne S are different, and the exchange between them requires 7,400 yuan. The 21-inch rim standard on Cayenne Turbo has a retail price of 54,400 yuan. The prices of two 20-inch wheels are 25,700 yuan and 20,900 yuan respectively, and the prices of six 21-inch wheels (including Cayenne Turbo models) range from 46,500 yuan to 67,200 yuan, among which the wheel eyebrows with the same color as the car body will be given after selecting the 21-inch wheels. From the point of view of daily use, I personally think that 21 inches is not very worthy of recommendation under domestic road conditions. Apart from comfort, too thin tires also mean higher risks on rotten roads.

Third, the interior color scheme and materials

　　For Porsche Cayenne, the interior color matching is also rich, and when you confirm the interior color matching, no matter which seat you choose later, the color matching of the seat will be consistent with the interior color matching. Let’s look at the Cayenne and Cayenne S models first. If you choose the standard interior, except for the standard black and slate gray, the price of black/Mojave double color is 4,800 yuan. Among the four leather interior schemes, the price of black and slate gray is 44,300 yuan, and the price of black/Bordeaux color and black/Mojave beige is 52,300 yuan. As for the pure leather interior, the price of 62,200 yuan is still quite expensive, but if you especially like truffle brown, then this is the only one you can choose.

　　For consumers who have enough budget to buy Cayenne Turbo directly, the choice of interior style is less entangled. First of all, this car comes standard with black or slate gray leather interior, so if you don’t need black/Bordeaux color and black/Mojave beige color, you can save the price difference of 8000 yuan; At the same time, for the truffle brown leather interior, the Cayenne Turbo only needs to pay 17,900 yuan, which is much lower than the optional price of 62,200 yuan for the previous two models. In addition, the Cayenne Turbo comes standard with Alcantara roof, and the interior texture is better than the other two models.

　　In terms of seats, Cayenne has come standard with a 14-way leather electric seat with memory and electric heating functions. Personally, I think this seat is enough for most consumers. You should know that the previous generation Cayenne came standard with an 8-way electric seat, and the comfort of this 14-way seat is much better than that one. Of course, it only costs 5,100 yuan to change from a 14-way seat to an 18-way sports seat, adding an integrated headrest, independent stitches and lateral electric adjustment of the seat. This price is really not expensive for Porsche, but the positioning of this 18-way seat is more sporty, so although the optional price is not high, we still recommend the 14-way one from the perspective of comfort. The seat selection of the Cayenne Turbo model is more casual. The factory comes standard with an 18-way integrated sports seat. If you feel uncomfortable, you can also choose a 14-way seat, no matter which one you choose, you don’t need to pay extra.

　　[PConline information]Android 6.0 marshmallows are officially released! On October 6th, Google released the factory image of Android 6.0 as planned, and uploaded it to the open source project AOSP. These factory images of Android 6.0 released by Google are suitable for Nexus devices. If you are a user of Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and Nexus 7 2013, you can manually brush in the Android 6.0 system image and upgrade to the latest system. Note, however, that upgrading with system image will lose data.

　　The specific version number of Android 6.0 system released by Google is MRA58K, and its volume has reached more than 500M m.. Compared with the previous Android lollipop system, the interface and architecture of Android 6.0 marshmallow have not changed much, and the main improvements are the functions and details. For example, Android 6.0 has joined the rights management system, supported the Doze deep sleep power-saving mode, and improved the volume adjustment, do not disturb mode and so on. The detailed major improvements can beClick here to view.. Generally speaking, many functions brought by Android 6.0 are long-awaited by users, and Android 6.0 is worth updating.

　　If you are a user of a Nexus device, you can get an Android 6.0 system image through the link below. However, since these links are from Google, it is necessary to surf the Internet scientifically before downloading smoothly. Of course, these system image resources have also been popular in major network disks at present. If you need to divert resources, you can search and download them yourself.

　　Android 6.0 system image download address page:Click here to enter.

　

First, the role of exercise in health preservation

Chinese medicine calls essence, qi and spirit "three treasures", which are closely related to human life. Exercise and health preservation firmly grasp these three links, and adjust consciousness to nourish the mind; Lead qi with intention, adjust breathing to practice qi, promote blood circulation with qi, and flow around the whole body; Through the movement of the body, bones and joints, the meridians of the whole body are unblocked and the whole body is nourished. If so, the body has both form and spirit, the pulse is smooth, the inside and outside are in harmony, and the viscera are in harmony, so that the body can reach the state of "yin and yang are secret", thus improving the health of the body and maintaining vigorous vitality.

Modern scientific research has proved that regular and moderate exercise has the following benefits to the body:

1. It can promote blood circulation, improve the nutritional status of the brain, promote the metabolism of brain cells, and give full play to the functions of the brain, thus benefiting the health of the nervous system and helping to maintain exuberant emotion and stable mood.

2, make the myocardium developed, contract strongly, promote blood circulation, enhance the vitality of the heart and the respiratory function of the lungs, and improve the peripheral circulation.

3, increase the strength of diaphragm and abdominal muscles, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, prevent food from staying in the digestive tract, and facilitate digestion and absorption.

4. It can promote and improve the blood circulation of internal organs, which is beneficial to the physiological functions of organs.

5, can improve the immune function and endocrine function of the body, thus making the vitality of the human body more vigorous.

6, enhance the vitality of muscle joints, make people move flexibly and lightly, and react quickly and quickly.

Second, the characteristics of exercise health

The characteristics of traditional exercise regimen can be summarized as follows:

(A) to guide the fitness exercise with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine

No matter what kind of traditional body posture, it is based on the theories of Yin and Yang, viscera, qi and blood, meridians and other aspects of traditional Chinese medicine, with nourishing essence, practicing qi and regulating the mind as the basic points of exercise, taking dynamic form as the basic form of exercise, and using Yin and Yang theory to guide the virtual, real, dynamic and static movements; Use the opening and closing lifting to guide the flexion, extension and pitching of the movement; Explain the coordination and unity of form, spirit, qi, blood, exterior and interior in exercise and fitness with the overall concept. Therefore, every move of fitness exercise is closely related to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

(2) Pay attention to the harmony and unity of intentional defense, pranayama and verb-form.

Emphasize the coordination of mind, breathing and body movement, that is, the so-called unity of intention, pranayama and movement. Intention refers to concentration; Pranayama refers to respiratory regulation; Dynamic form refers to the movement of the body, and unity refers to the harmonious cooperation among the three. It is necessary to achieve the consistency of form and spirit, the harmony between form and qi, and the harmony between form and qi, so that the movement and quietness are appropriate, so as to play the role of health and fitness.

(3) integrating guidance, qigong, martial arts and medical science.

The traditional exercise regimen is the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people in China. For thousands of years, people have summed up a lot of valuable experience in health care practice, which has continuously enriched and developed sports health care and formed a health care method with Chinese characteristics that integrates guidance, qigong, martial arts and medicine. The techniques derived from guiding Qigong include: Wuqinxi, Baduanjin, etc. Martial arts achievements such as Tai Ji Chuan and Taiji Sword. No matter what kind of exercises, they all emphasize pranayama, intentional defense and dynamic shape, and all aim at unblocking qi and blood meridians, activating bones and muscles, and regulating viscera. Integrating the strengths of various families is a major feature of exercise health preservation.

Third, the principle of exercise regimen

The reason why the traditional exercise regimen in China can keep fit, cure diseases and prolong life is because it has a set of systematic theories, principles and methods, which pay attention to and emphasize the coordination and unity inside and outside the body, harmony and moderation. There are three principles:

(A) to master the essentials of exercise regimen

The practice essentials of traditional sports health preservation are the unity of intentional defense, pranayama and dynamic shape. Among these three aspects, the most important thing is to be intentional. Only by focusing on the spirit can we calm down, breathe evenly and guide the circulation of qi and blood. The relationship between the three is: to lead the gas with meaning, and to be aerodynamic.

(B) Emphasis on moderation, not excessive.

Exercise health is to achieve the purpose of fitness through exercise, so we should pay attention to mastering the amount of exercise. If the amount of exercise is too small, it will not achieve the purpose of exercise and will not play a role in fitness; If it is too big, it will exceed the tolerance limit of the body, but it will damage the body due to overwork. Sun Simiao pointed out in "A Thousand Daughters’ Prescription": "The way to cultivate one’s nature is always to work hard, but it’s hard to be exhausted and strong." Therefore, exercise and fitness emphasize the right amount of exercise, step by step, and don’t rush for success.

(C) advocate perseverance, perseverance

Exercise is not a one-off event, it should be frequent and uninterrupted. On the one hand, the phrase "flowing water does not rot, and the hinge does not moth" explains the truth that "moving does not decay", on the other hand, it also emphasizes the importance of frequent and uninterrupted flow, so that the water can not rot and the hinge can not be moth-eaten. Only by perseverance and perseverance can we get the fitness effect. Exercise is not only physical exercise, but also the exercise of will and perseverance.

The traditional exercise regimen has the same form and many kinds, including one stroke and one type of exercise method, and also a combination of competitive exercise methods; There are fitness methods to form folk customs; There are also self-contained fitness methods. There are two forms of exercise regimen:

First, various forms of folk fitness law

Most of these fitness methods are scattered among the people, with simple methods, simple equipment and interesting activities. Such as: less exercise, easy and gentle walking, outing, swinging, flying kites, kicking shuttlecock, health balls, etc.; Skipping rope, climbing, horse racing, archery, lifting stone locks and so on with moderate exercise.

China is a multi-ethnic country, and each ethnic group has its own customs and traditions. Among them, mass activities aimed at sports and fitness are fitness methods with national characteristics. Such as tug-of-war, dragon boat race, wrestling, horse racing, seesaw, stilt walking, dragon lantern dancing, roller boating and various dances, etc., belong to this category.

Second, the systematic fitness method with its own routines

This kind of exercise and fitness method is often based on the folk fitness method. Under the guidance of a certain theory, it has a purpose, specific requirements and needs to be learned and trained to master. Because it has a series of continuous movements, it can make all parts of the human body get a more comprehensive and systematic exercise, which is a higher level of fitness exercise in the traditional exercise regimen. The genre of sports health preservation mainly refers to the self-contained fitness method.

Most of these fitness exercises originated from Taoism and Buddhism, and have been enriched and developed from generation to generation, thus forming various schools. Briefly as follows:

(A) Taoist bodybuilding

The theory of Taoist body-building originated from Laozi and Zhuangzi, and advocated to nourish qi in order to improve life ability, put forward "guidance" and "shape cultivation", and emphasized the viewpoint of practicing qi to preserve health. Representative Taoist body-building exercises, such as Hua Tuo’s "Five Birds Play", Mawangdui’s "Guide Map" Fetal Breathing Sutra, Baduanjin and Tai Ji Chuan, all belong to this category.

(B) Buddhist fitness

Buddhist body-building originated from meditation. In order to ensure the smooth progress of "meditation", it is necessary to take some measures to exercise bones and muscles and dredge blood vessels. As a result, the Buddhist body-building techniques have gradually formed, which are representative of Dharma Yijinjing, Tianzhu massage, Mind Boxing, Luohan Eighteen Hands, Shaolin Boxing, Zen Secret Skill and so on.

There are two main cradles of China Wushu. One is Zhongyue Songshan, which is the excavation site of Zen Buddhism and Shaolin Wushu. One is Wudang Mountain in Hubei, the birthplace of Taoism and wu-tang clan Wushu. Therefore, in terms of religion, there is a difference between Taoism and Buddhism, and in terms of martial arts, there is a difference between Shaolin and Wudang. Although Wushu is a technique of attack and self-defense, its excellent achievement is aimed at fitness. To learn Wushu, the first thing is to strengthen the body, so no matter what kind of martial arts and schools, we should focus on fitness.

Baduanjin qigong/eight-section brocade

Baduanjin is a fitness technique composed of eight different movements, hence its name "Baduanjin". Because this kind of fitness exercise can strengthen the body and prolong life, and get rid of diseases, its effect is very good, just like showing people a colorful brocade, so it is called "brocade".

Baduanjin is a popular fitness technique in China, which has a history of more than 800 years according to relevant documents. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a monograph on Ba Duan Jin. Pan Xia in the Qing Dynasty adapted the Eight-section Brocade into "Twelve-section Brocade" in his Health Requirements. In addition, there are different forms such as "Wen Ba Duan" (sitting) and "Wu Ba Duan" (vertical). In order to facilitate the spread, some people have compiled it into songs. Because Baduanjin is not limited by the environment, it can be done at any time and place, its operation is simple and easy to remember and learn, its exercise is moderate, it is suitable for all ages, and its effect of strengthening body and prolonging life is remarkable, so it has been passed down to this day.

First, the mechanism of health preservation

Baduanjin is a kind of ancient guiding method, which is a fitness method combining physical activity with breathing exercise. Moving limbs can stretch bones and muscles and dredge meridians; Combined with breathing, it is feasible to invigorate the circulation of qi and blood, protect the health and mediate the qi movement. Regular practice of Baduanjin can play a role in health care, disease prevention and treatment.

The health-preserving effect of Baduanjin on human body can be seen from its melody. For example, "two hands holding the triple energizer" means that the action of holding the sky with both hands is beneficial to conditioning the triple energizer function. Holding the sky with both hands, stretching the whole body, accompanied by deep breathing, one is helpful for the movement of the triple energizer, and the other is helpful for massaging and regulating the internal organs, which has the effects of dredging meridians, regulating qi and blood, and nourishing the internal organs. At the same time, it also has a good effect on the back and bones. Others, such as "regulating the spleen and stomach, raising your hand" and "shaking your head and wagging your tail to get rid of heart fire", all achieve the purpose of health preservation by promoting qi and blood and relaxing muscles and bones. Each section of Baduanjin has the key points of exercise. Taken together, it exercises the five senses, head and neck, trunk, limbs, waist, abdomen and other parts of the whole body, and plays a role in health care and conditioning the corresponding internal organs, qi and blood, meridians and collaterals. It is a comprehensive body-building exercise method for the body.

Second, the practice essentials

(1) Breathe evenly: breathe naturally, smoothly and abdomen.

(2) Abide by the abdomen: relax and focus on the navel.

(3) Combination of softness and rigidity: the whole body is relaxed, and the force is gentle, and the stiff force must not be used.

Baduanjin is a fitness method that includes eight coherent sections, and the specific contents are as follows:

Hands hold the triple energizer;

Opening the bow left and right is like shooting an eagle;

Regulating the spleen and stomach requires a single lift;

Look back after five pains and seven injuries;

Shake your head and wag your tail to get rid of your heart;

Climb your feet with both hands to strengthen your kidney and waist;

Save your fist and glare to increase your strength;

Behind it, everything goes wrong.

(Jiao Zhihong, deputy chief physician of Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, authorized to publish on this website)

　　Yinchuan, Zhongxin. com, September 15th (Reporter Li Peishan) "By the end of July this year, the number of 5G base stations in China has reached 1.968 million, and the Gigabit optical network has the ability to cover more than 400 million households. The total rack size of the data center in use exceeds 5.9 million standard racks, the server size exceeds 20 million, and the total computing power exceeds 150EFlops. " On September 15th, Zhang Yunming, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, revealed relevant data when attending the first "West Valley" computing industry conference held in Yinchuan City, Ningxia.

　　On the same day, the first "Digital Valley in the West" computing industry conference was opened. Participants discussed the opportunities and challenges in the development of the digital economy around topics such as promoting exchanges and cooperation in the "digital economy", building a demonstration project of "East Digital and West Computing", creating a typical scene of "digital empowerment" and building a new safe ecology for the development of the computing industry.

　　At present, computing power is the core productivity in the new era, and it is the new engine that drives the transformation of digital intelligence in economy and society. In recent years, China has made great efforts to promote the construction of new information infrastructure represented by computing power infrastructure. Computing power has been widely integrated with digital government, industrial Internet and other economic and social fields, promoting the generalization of supply, and the effect of computing power empowerment has gradually emerged. By the end of 2021, the scale of the core industry of computing power exceeded 1.5 trillion yuan (RMB, the same below). Among them, the cloud computing market scale exceeds 300 billion yuan, and the IDC service market scale exceeds 150 billion yuan.

　　Zhang Yunming said that in the future, it will speed up the overall layout of the computer storage network, build a new information technology facility system with computing power and data as the core, accelerate the construction of hub nodes and clusters of national integrated big data centers, and guide the development of large and super-large data center clusters. The layout of innovation chain around the computing power industrial chain will promote the deep integration of computing power with government affairs, industry, medical care, education and other fields. At the same time, from the aspects of planning, design, construction and operation, we will carry out green and low-carbon basic innovation and application, increase the proportion of clean energy use, improve the green and low-carbon management system, promote the green transformation and upgrading of computing facilities, and gradually form a green and energy-saving full-cycle development path for computing facilities, so as to help the overall green transformation and development of the economy and society.

Article 19 of China’s Patent Law stipulates: "Foreigners, foreign enterprises or other foreign organizations that have no habitual residence or business office in China shall entrust a legally established patent agency to apply for patents and handle other patent affairs in China. If a unit or individual in China applies for a patent and handles other patent affairs in China, it may entrust a patent agency established according to law to handle it. " Units or individuals in mainland China who apply for patents and handle other patent affairs in China may entrust a patent agency to handle them, or the applicant may handle them himself. If a foreigner, foreign enterprise or other foreign organization that has no habitual residence or business office in mainland China applies for a patent and handles other patent affairs in Chinese mainland, or applies for a patent and handles other patent affairs jointly with an applicant in mainland China as the first-named applicant, it shall entrust a patent agency to handle it; Applicants from Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province who have no habitual residence or business office in mainland China file patent applications and handle other patent affairs with the Patent Office, or apply for patents and handle other patent affairs jointly with applicants from mainland China as the first-named applicant, they shall entrust a patent agency to handle them.

He first entered Peking University in 2007 and became a security guard. He was born in the countryside, but he always yearned for the highest academic hall. When standing guard, he was once jealous of Peking University students. "They walked into the academic hall of Peking University, while I was standing guard.". But soon, Peking University’s good school spirit and style of study made him find a "home", and he began to use his rest time to listen to lectures and read books. In 2008, he passed the adult college entrance examination and was admitted to the Chinese Department of Peking University, becoming a student in a security suit. At the beginning of June this year, his new book "Standing on Peking University" was published, and Zhou Qifeng, president of Peking University, made a special preface for him. He is Gan Xiangwei, a security guard at Peking University.

Small security guards realize "writer’s dream"

Born in 1982, Gan Xiangwei came from Guangshui, Hubei Province. In August 2007, he began to work as a security guard in Peking University, and stood guard at the west gate and west gate of Peking University. As a security guard for nearly five years, I have always had a writer’s dream. In the past five years, Gan Xiangwei, who loves writing, has often recorded his experience. In December last year, Gan Xiangwei bound his 120,000 words into a book, named "Walking on the Unnamed Lake", and he hoped that the booklet would be published into a book.

Earlier this year, a publishing house found Gan Xiangwei. Liu Zhi, the general planner of the book "Standing on Peking University", said that after seeing Gan Xiangwei’s report from the media, he was moved by his inspirational experience. "He is an ordinary security guard, but he loves learning very much. His experience touched us, so he decided to publish it."

After editing and sorting out, in early June this year, Walking on the Unnamed Lake was renamed Standing on Peking University and officially published. Recently, he has resigned from his job as a security guard at Peking University, ready to look for a job related to literature, expecting to become a university counselor or a middle school Chinese teacher.

Zhou Qifeng wrote a preface and modestly called himself a poor writer.

In front of the "Peking University" plaque, Gan Xiangwei, a thin figure, was dressed in a security suit and looked at the distance … … This is the cover photo of Gan Xiangwei’s new book "Standing on Peking University". More than 30 short stories in the book narrate his five-year experience as a security guard at Peking University in prose style.

Before the publication of the new book, Gan Xiangwei sent an email to Zhou Qifeng, president of Peking University, with his own "Peking University Story", hoping that President Zhou could write a preface for his "new book".

Soon, President Zhou Qifeng wrote a thousand words as a preface. In the preface, Zhou Qifeng quipped: "I study chemistry, and my writing style is not good, because I wrote a song" Chemistry is You, Chemistry is Me "(song), which made the whole world know that my writing style is not good … … However, when Comrade Gan Xiangwei, who works as a security guard in our school, wrote a letter asking me to give him a few words of recommendation for his new writing, I agreed and was very happy. "

Zhou Qifeng said that a security guard, after hard work, can make full use of Peking University’s good learning resources, strive for progress and improve himself, which is admirable.

Nearly 20 Peking University security guards get their degrees every year.

Xiao Liu, a security guard, passed the interview of Beijing Institute of Technology in April this year and became a graduate student as he wished. Zhang Guoqiang, deputy head of the security team of Peking University, has two undergraduate degrees from Tsinghua and the Central Party School, and has also obtained a lawyer’s qualification certificate. Wang Guiming, the captain of the Peking University Security Brigade, told reporters that since 1994, more than 300 of his security guards have obtained university degrees or above, and some have returned to their hometowns to become university teachers after graduation.

There are less than 500 security guards in Peking University all the year round, but nearly 20 people get their degrees every year, because the security formation of Peking University has become a tradition of encouraging learning. The security team gives the green light to hard-working scholars and helps them adjust their positions and shifts suitable for learning; Some courses in Peking University allow security guards to attend, some professors also give books and old computers to security guards, and civilian schools organized by trade unions in Peking University also set aside places for security guards to attend classes every year.

The atmosphere of encouraging learning has also taken shape in the Tsinghua Security Team. It is understood that in Tsinghua, all the squadron leaders and above have college education, and their learning experience can also enlighten the new security guards. At present, the security companies affiliated to Tsinghua and Peking University have cooperated with Beijing Radio and TV University to encourage security guards to attend RTVU, and they can get a diploma without half the tuition fees. Most of the security guards attend adult education or self-taught courses, and usually attend classes at night and weekends. In order to ensure that security guards go to school, Tsinghua and Peking University Security Brigade also arrange posts according to the security guards’ class time, and can take time off during the security examination. Get a college diploma or above, and get a monthly salary increase in 50 yuan.

Visit right away

"A low starting point does not mean a low ending point"

Q: How did you get into Peking University as a security guard?

A: In August, 2007, when I was strolling around the unnamed lake, I saw a security guard reading a book in a building, so I went up to chat. Then I asked him, I said, do you still recruit security guards here? He said that I would ask the captain. The next day, he said that the captain said that you should come for an interview. At that time, the captain interviewed me: Why did you come to Peking University? I just said two things: first, seek survival before development. Second, I said I wanted to learn knowledge and increase my knowledge. The captain said yes, you can study after your work is done. So I entered Peking University as a security guard.

Q: How did you adjust your study and working hours during your time as a security guard at Peking University?

A: We have three shifts in the morning, noon and evening, each shift is 8 hours. If I work in the morning shift, I will have time at noon, afternoon and evening. Sometimes there is a conflict with the class time, so I will adjust it with my colleagues. The team is more supportive and the learning atmosphere has always been good. The security brigade has always had a tradition of encouraging learning. We security guards are all young people, all children from the countryside, with strong plasticity. I feel embarrassed to see that students from Peking University attend classes and study every day without taking a book. We just cherish such learning opportunities.

Q: Why do you want to publish a book?

A: I like writing and often record my experiences. At that time, I had some feelings: when I first arrived at Peking University, I walked around every day. Because I stood guard from my dormitory to Ximen, I passed the students on the way. They went to the academic hall of Peking University, and I went to the Ximen of Peking University. At that time, I felt a little lost. Why couldn’t I walk into the classroom of Peking University? At that time, I had some ideas, which I wrote down after I went back, that is, my feelings about life, and I wrote them out slowly. After a long time, I found more and more words and space. After five years, I accumulated 120,000 words. Many friends around me felt very inspirational after reading my heart, and encouraged me to publish this book. I hope this book can inspire and give confidence to today’s young people, especially children in adversity, especially children in rural areas.

Q: Why did you name the book Standing on Peking University?

A: Originally, the name of this book was "Walking on the Unnamed Lake", and it was about my own experience in Peking University in recent years. Later, I think Standing on Peking University can better summarize the contents of the book. On the surface, as a security guard, patrol and other duty periods are generally standing; From a deeper level, "standing" represents a kind of self-improvement and independence of personality.

Q: You have resigned as a security guard at Peking University. What are your plans for the future?

A: I’d better do something in the education industry in the future, which is also my advantage and specialty, because I don’t have high material requirements, and it is very important for me to improve my spiritual realm. At present, I have begun to look for a job, expecting to be a college counselor or a middle school teacher, and writing will persist as a sideline after work.

Q: Can you give some advice to this year’s college entrance examination students?

A: No matter whether you are admitted to a famous university or not, you should not be discouraged. There are thousands of roads in life, and some people can’t be selected by grades. You should use your hobbies and specialties to give full play to your advantages and make in-depth research in this field in the future, and you can still make achievements. A low starting point doesn’t mean a low ending point. The starting point can’t decide whether it is good or bad, and an exam can’t decide a person’s fate. Ultimately, it is your dream and long-term unremitting efforts to succeed.

　　On September 22nd, the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Liaoning Province reported five mental problems that violated the eight central regulations, among which Zhang Xinyu, the former party secretary and director of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Linghai City, Jinzhou, gave his son three wedding receptions within one month and received 660,000 yuan in gifts, which attracted attention from the double opening incident.

　　Red Star journalists found out that recently, in addition to Liaoning, many disciplinary committees in Gansu, Bazhong, Sichuan and Qingdao, Shandong Province have successively issued many typical cases of mental problems in violation of the eight central regulations.

　　In addition, a number of legal professionals told Red Star journalists that the corruption of weddings, funerals and weddings is a typical corruption problem. The Party Central Committee has repeatedly asked to regulate matters related to weddings, funerals and celebrations of cadres in party member, and various localities have successively issued supporting rules and related regulations in combination with the spirit of implementing the eight central regulations, which have been effectively curbed on the whole. However, the problem of violating discipline against the wind still occurs under high pressure. Therefore, we can continue to prevent such problems by improving the supervision system, clarifying relevant standards, and making it a criminal offence.

　　Liaoning first director

　　Give my son three wedding banquets a month and receive 660,000 gifts.

　　According to the report of the Supervision Committee of the Liaoning Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection, from 2019 to 2023, Zhang Xinyu, the former party secretary and director of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Linghai City, Jinzhou, received gifts and gifts from management and service targets for many times, amounting to more than 340,000 yuan. From May to June, 2022, Zhang Xinyu hosted a wedding banquet for his son three times, and received more than 660,000 yuan in gifts from management and clients. Zhang Xinyu still has other serious violations of discipline and law. In June 2023, Zhang Xinyu was expelled from the party and public office, and the suspected crime was transferred to the procuratorate for review and prosecution according to law.

　　Also on September 22nd, Zhang Xinyu appeared in another bulletin.

　　On September 22, the Supervision Committee of Jinzhou Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection reported three typical cases of damaging the business environment. Among them, Zhang Xinyu, the former party secretary and director of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Linghai City, destroyed the business environment and other issues. According to the report, from December 2018 to January 2022, when Zhang Xinyu was the Party Secretary and Director of Linghai Urban and Rural Construction Service Center and the Deputy Secretary and Deputy Director of the Party Group of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, he used his position to help others in project bidding, project implementation and project payment settlement, and illegally accepted money from others of 1.67 million yuan.

　　According to the official resume, Zhang Xinyu was born in January 1971 in Linghai, Liaoning Province, with a college education. He joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in May 1996 and joined the work in September 1994. In his early years, he worked in the public security system, and served as the director of Baqian Township Police Station of Linghai Public Security Bureau, the deputy section chief of Economic Investigation Department of Linghai Public Security Bureau, and the deputy director of Dalinghe Public Security Bureau of Linghai Public Security Bureau. Since 2009, Zhang Xinyu has served as deputy director of Linghai Letters and Calls Office, deputy director of Linghai Letters and Calls Bureau, deputy director of Linghai Urban Construction Bureau, party secretary and director of Linghai Urban and Rural Construction Service Center, deputy secretary and deputy director of Linghai Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, and party secretary and director of Linghai Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau.

　　Keep an eye on corruption issues such as weddings, funerals and weddings.

　　There is a second child who secretly receives gifts.

　　In addition to the above-mentioned typical cases, Red Star journalists combed and found that recently, many disciplinary committees in Gansu, Bazhong, Sichuan and Qingdao, Shandong Province have successively issued a number of typical cases that violate the mental problems of the eight central regulations.

　　On September 21st, WeChat official account "Shanxi Release" affiliated to the Propaganda Department of Shanxi Provincial Party Committee released "Five Typical Cases of Mental Problems Violating the Eight Central Provisions", which mentioned: Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day in 2023 are approaching. In order to further implement the spirit of the Eight Central Provisions, we will persistently rectify the "four winds" and constantly release a strong signal of grasping it to the end for a moment. Recently, the Supervisory Committee of the Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection publicly reported five typical cases of mental problems violating the eight central regulations.

　　These cases include Yang Yankang, a member of the former party group and deputy mayor of Yuncheng Municipal People’s Government, who illegally accepted gifts and gifts, illegally used the houses managed by clients, and illegally accepted the arrangement of tourism activities. According to the report, from 2013 to 2023, Yang Yankang took advantage of holidays, weddings, funerals and weddings to receive gifts and gifts from many management clients for many times, equivalent to a total of more than 930,000 yuan. From 2018 to the time of the incident, Yang Yankang borrowed a house of Wen Moumou, the management service object, in Sanya for his relatives to use for a long time. From December 2017 to May 2019, Yang Yankang illegally arranged the management client Duan Moumou to pay the expenses incurred during his trip to Sanya and Xishuangbanna with his wife. In addition, Yang Yankang has other serious violations of discipline and law. In July 2023, Yang Yankang was expelled from the party and dismissed from public office, and his suspected crime was transferred to the procuratorate for review and prosecution according to law.

　　On September 19th, WeChat official account, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Qingdao, also released five typical cases of hedonism and extravagance. According to the report, Zhang Peijie, director of the real estate development management office of pingdu city Construction Service Center, handled the wedding affairs illegally. In November 2021, when Zhang Peijie hosted a wedding banquet for his son, he illegally invited the management and service objects to attend and received the gift money. There are still many problems in Zhang Peijie, such as illegally accepting gifts, cash gifts and consumption cards from management and clients. In February, 2023, Zhang Peijie was severely warned by the party, and his administrative record was severely punished, and his disciplinary gains were confiscated.

　　Prior to this, Enyang District, Bazhong City, Sichuan Province also issued three typical problems of illegal banquets. According to the circular, in mid-June, 2023, Zhang Bichang, director of the Admissions Office of the No.2 Middle School in the District, promised the organization not to hold a "school banquet" in violation of regulations. On June 28 of the same year, he invited many faculty members of the school to participate in the "school banquet" held for his son in a restaurant in Enyang District, and received gifts from the management clients. In July 2023, Zhang Bichang was severely punished by the party. All the proceeds from violation of discipline have been collected.

　　In addition, the case also includes the problem that Liu Hong, the president of Mingyang Town Health Center, secretly accepted the gift money from the management clients in violation of regulations, although he did not hold a banquet. In October, 2022, Liu Hong announced the birth of a second child through the WeChat circle of friends after his wife gave birth to a second child, under the condition that she promised the organization not to handle other festive matters except weddings, funerals and weddings and not to accept gifts and gifts in violation of regulations. Although she did not handle the celebration of having children and daughters, she received gifts from many management clients. In July 2023, Liu Hong was punished. All illegal gains have been collected.

　　At the end of August, the Supervision Committee of Gansu Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection issued the Circular on the Special Rectification of the Invisible Variation of four winds, which mentioned that "Strictly investigate and punish the illegal handling of weddings, funerals and celebrations: strictly implement the Implementation Measures on Regulating the Handling of Weddings, Funerals and Celebrations by Cadres in party member", and urge the party groups (party committees) of departments and units at all levels in provinces, cities and counties to improve the reporting system of their own departments and units, strictly examine and supervise them, and prevent the occurrence of illegal handling of weddings, funerals and celebrations &hellip. … Seriously investigate and deal with problems such as taking the opportunity to collect money, comparing with each other, extravagance and waste, and using public buses to eat and drink. From January to July this year, the province investigated and dealt with 24 cases of illegal weddings, funerals and weddings, criticized and educated 25 people, and gave 14 people disciplinary sanctions. "

　　Experts say:

　　Marry and collect money by marriage and funeral

　　May constitute bribery

　　Zhao Guannan, an associate professor at the Law School of Hunan Normal University, said in an interview with Red Star that it is a special form of bribery to use the occasion of wedding, funeral and marriage or under the brand of "human relations". Article 10 of "Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases of Commercial Bribery" specifically stipulates the distinction between bribery and gifts. The main factors are as follows: 1. The background of property exchanges, such as whether there is a relationship between relatives and friends and the situation and degree of historical exchanges between the two parties; 2, the value of the property; 3. The reason, timing and mode of the exchange of property, and whether the provider of property has asked the receiver for his position; 4. Does the recipient take advantage of his position to seek benefits for the provider? The above provisions provide factors and standards for distinguishing between human relations and bribery crimes. In essence, it is necessary to focus on judging the reciprocity of the relationship between the two parties, the two-way flow of property, the rationality of the amount of property and the entrustment of property gifts.

　　"As far as the facts of Zhang Xinyu’s case are concerned, it is obviously unreasonable to hold a wedding banquet for three times. It is obviously not reciprocal and bidirectional to accept the property of the management and service objects. In fact, it is the cover of holding a wedding banquet to accept bribes from the management and service objects, which should be considered as bribery crimes." Zhao Guannan said.

　　Shao Ke, deputy director of the research and defense department of duty crimes in Beijing Shangquan Law Firm, said that China has a long tradition of caring for the society and reciprocity. It is customary to hold banquets at weddings, funerals and weddings, but in practice, some leading cadres make a lot of money by having children, getting married, mourning and mourning, going to school to join the army, and moving to a new house, and even trading power and money.

　　Shao Ke said that Article 81 of the Regulations on Disciplinary Actions in the Communist Party of China (CPC), which was promulgated and implemented as early as 2003, clearly stipulates that if the convenience of his position is used to handle weddings, funerals and celebrations, which causes adverse effects in society, he will be given a warning or a serious warning; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be dismissed from his post within the party. In handling weddings, funerals and celebrations, whoever takes the opportunity to collect money or commits other acts that infringe upon the interests of the state, the collective and the people shall be given a heavier or heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph until he is expelled from the party. Article 91 of the revised Regulations on Disciplinary Actions in the Communist Party of China (CPC) also stipulates that those who take advantage of their authority or position to handle weddings, funerals and celebrations will be given a warning or a serious warning; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be dismissed from his post within the party; Those who take the opportunity to collect money or commit other acts that infringe upon the interests of the state, the collective and the people will be given a heavier or heavier punishment until they are expelled from the party.

　　According to Shao Ke, compared with the regulation in 2003, the change from "taking advantage of one’s position" to "taking advantage of one’s position or influence" focuses on emphasizing that it is also forbidden to take advantage of one’s position to handle weddings, funerals and celebrations, which shows that the central government is strengthening and perfecting the system constraints on party member cadres to make money by taking advantage of corruption in weddings, funerals and celebrations. According to this regulation, no matter whether it is lavish or not, no matter whether it is accepting gifts or not, as long as the wedding, funeral and celebration matters are influenced by party member’s use of authority or position, such as the use of manpower and material resources of the management service object, which causes adverse social impact, it is a violation of discipline. With regard to the opportunity of handling weddings, funerals and celebrations to collect money, the main form is to collect a large amount of gift money from the management and service objects or the masses in handling weddings, funerals and celebrations on a large scale or by treating guests many times. Zhang Xinyu, the former party secretary and director of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Linghai City, Jinzhou, hosted a wedding banquet for his son three times and received a gift of more than 660,000 yuan from management and clients, which is a typical opportunity to collect money. What needs to be pointed out in particular is that if party member cadres take advantage of their authority or position to seek benefits for others, and take advantage of weddings and funerals to accept large sums of money from others, they may be suspected of committing the crime of accepting bribes as stipulated in the Criminal Law, and will be doubly punished by party discipline and state law. In recent years, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has repeatedly asked for the standardization of matters related to weddings, funerals and celebrations of cadres in party member, and all localities have combined the spirit of implementing the eight central regulations.They have also issued supporting rules and related regulations, and some have set clear standards for the scale of weddings, funerals, banquets and the amount of gifts.

　　Expert advice:

　　When the "money" exceeds a certain amount.

　　Make illegal weddings and funerals a criminal offence.

　　In order to put an end to this kind of corruption, Shao Ke suggested that all localities should make clear what matters of weddings, funerals and celebrations are not allowed and can be handled in light of local conditions, and issue specific regulations on the number of people, times, gifts (including single and total amount), places, meals and vehicle standards. In the process of discipline enforcement, the discipline inspection and supervision departments should clarify the boundaries between human relations, accepting gifts and accepting bribes, and "zero tolerance" for violations of discipline and law, and increase punishment. Those who handle weddings, funerals and celebrations beyond the prescribed number of people, tables, single amount or total amount of gifts are strictly deemed as "taking the opportunity to collect money", and those who constitute the crime of accepting bribes are severely punished according to law.

　　"Sunshine is the best preservative and supervision is the best purifying agent. It is necessary to improve the supervision system, comprehensively utilize various information carriers, give full play to the supervision power of the masses, and let the people dare to supervise, be willing to supervise and be good at supervision. If Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day are approaching, the website of the State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection has launched ‘ Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day in 2023 ‘ Four winds ’ Problem supervision report exposure ’ Special area, open ‘ I want to report ’ Window, linked to the unified reporting platform of the State Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, special area ‘ Weekly bulletin ’ The column focuses on the exposure of typical problems by name and surname, and strengthens the warning shock. " Shao Ke said.

　　Yin Bo, a professor at the School of Criminal Justice of China University of Political Science and Law, also said in an interview with Red Star News that accepting "money" is an important part of the traditional wedding etiquette. However, in the context of public officials’ identity, weddings and funerals are likely to become corrupt acts that convey personal interests under the guise of customs. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels have been keeping a close eye on party member’s leading cadres’ illegal handling of weddings, funerals and celebrations, taking the opportunity to collect money, and achieved positive results in work style construction, and the political ecology continued to improve. At present, the "four winds" problem has been effectively curbed on the whole, but the problem of violating discipline against the wind still occurs under high pressure. The party and the state attach great importance to eradicating the soil and conditions for corruption, and "hunting" has been repeatedly mentioned as an important reason for new corruption. What should be considered is whether weddings, funerals and weddings, as one of the ways of "hunting", can exert all the governance effects only by punishing party disciplines and administrative regulations without using the power of criminal law.

　　Inbo said that in Germany, Japan and other countries, taking bribes for the convenience of authority or position is defined as a simple crime of accepting bribes, which is different from the crime of accepting bribes because of illegal agreements on the exercise of duties, and has achieved good governance results. It is unreasonable to give one’s hard-earned money to public officials for nothing. When the amount is too large, it can be inferred that there is a big interest relationship between party member leading cadres and them. When the public authority of party member leading cadres conflicts with their private interests, it will easily lead to corruption crimes and infringe on public interests. Therefore, it is suggested that when the amount of money received exceeds a certain amount, the illegal weddings and funerals of leading cadres in party member should be raised to criminal offences, which will fully deter corrupt elements and further consolidate the overwhelming victory of anti-corruption.

　　Red Star journalist Qi Biao Wu Yang reports from Beijing.