Compared with other bears, the short kiss (nose bridge), wide cheeks, round big head, a pair of figure-eight dark circles and wobbly walking posture … The baby (cub) characteristics of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) inspire our instinct to protect our cubs, and few people refuse to be cute.

Panda cubs. | Li Binbin

Panda is cute, but cute is not enough to be the reason why we spend a lot of money and material resources to protect a species. Are pandas doomed to extinction? Are we wasting resources on protecting this species? To answer these questions, we need to break three rumors first.

Rumor 1. Pandas have reached a dead end of evolution.

Many people say that giant pandas should eat meat for a living, but they are vegetarian and choose bamboo, which is the most difficult to swallow and not nutritious among plants. In essence, bamboo is a woody grass (monocotyledonous Gramineae), and more than 90% of its dry weight is lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Cellulose and hemicellulose up to 65%. In addition, it also contains a lot of silicon, which can be said to be firm, hard and nutritious. Eating it is like eating squeezed bagasse.

The panda’s main food looks particularly palatable. ｜Chi / flickr

Although the entrance of bamboo is not good, it is widely distributed and abundant, and other animals don’t eat it. Hiding in the bamboo forest can also avoid large animals such as saber-toothed tigers. Moreover, some studies show that pandas lost their umami receptors 4.2 million years ago due to gene mutation (Tas1r1 pseudogeneization), which means that meat and panda food are boring. However, it’s hard to have a definite answer whether you don’t think the meat is fragrant first or you start eating bamboo first. We can guess why pandas eat bamboo, but it is difficult to prove it. But come to think of it carefully, no matter what hypothesis, this great change in feeding has helped pandas to reduce their direct competition with other species to a great extent, which is a wise move.

In Qinling Mountains, pandas eat bamboo. | Li Binbin

Although the food habit has turned to bamboo, the digestive system of panda still retains the characteristics of carnivore, and the food stays and digests for a short time, and there is no enzyme that can decompose cellulose and lignin. However, the panda is not a sad fat man. It has evolved many magical weapons by virtue of its brute strength. Since food is poor in nutrition and difficult to decompose and absorb, you should keep eating it efficiently and laboriously.

Weapon 1. False thumb and good mouth

Panda’s wrist sesamoid specialized into the sixth finger "pseudo thumb". It enables pandas to have a grip function that other bears don’t have, so they can grasp it better, perform more precise operations, and eat bamboo flexibly and in one go. This kind of grip is not common, except koalas, North American opossums (toes) and most primates, which also eat bamboo pandas. Among them, only the big panda and the little panda specially developed the "sixth finger" to hold the other five fingers. The giant panda and the little panda are not closely related, but in order to adapt to eating bamboo, they have evolved the same characteristics, which is called "convergent evolution".

The fake thumb is the meat pad near the panda’s right eye. There are no claws on this finger. Panda’s hind paw doesn’t have a sixth finger. If you have a chance to see the panda’s front footprints, it will be six finger prints and five paw prints. ｜Thibaud Despres / animalli.com

Compared with all kinds of bears, panda’s bite force is second only to polar bears and brown bears. It has powerful masticatory muscles and a heavy and thick skull, which provides structural support for its strong bite force (there is a reason for its face). Eating bamboo is like eating cucumber. Bite it neatly and never drag your feet. This flat food mark is one of the signs of panda identification in the wild. So, don’t touch the panda at will, be careful to grab your hand and take a bite …

The "fake thumb" made the panda realize the opposite grip. By the way, see how good the mouth is. | Dong Lei

Weapon 2. Specially equipped intestines

Pandas also increase the surface area of absorbed substances by increasing the number and length of intestinal villi. At the same time, their intestinal secretions increase, protecting the intestines from being pricked by bamboo with high silicon content; These secretions will also be wrapped outside the stool to help the stool be discharged smoothly. Some of the scraped cells make it possible for researchers to extract DNA from panda poop-using this DNA information, we can carry out the related work of panda individual identification.

Panda poop, from which researchers can extract panda DNA. The depth of color depends on whether it eats bamboo leaves or bamboo poles. ｜WWF-UK

Weapon 3. Patience and wisdom

Pandas not only eat efficiently, but also have special patience. Pandas in the wild spend more than half (10 ~ 14 hours) eating every day, and most of the rest time is spent sleeping. The daily intake can reach 12 ~ 40 kg (depending on which part you eat), which is close to 20 ~ 40% of your body weight. However, because of the lack of nutrition and water, most of bamboo is discharged. Whether you eat or sleep, you can’t stop the panda from defecating. In the wild where pandas are distributed, their droppings are very existential-shuttle-shaped, in which bamboo poles and leaves can be clearly distinguished, without odor, and thrown into alcohol like green tea.

Panda poop is also a popular science prop in the zoo. ｜hannah

Pandas eat bamboo and are clever. Bamboo shoots are the most nutritious, so from early spring, pandas will chase the bamboo shoots all the way and eat them from low altitude to high altitude. In summer, bamboo leaves have the best nutrition, so they are eaten tightly. In winter, nutrition runs to bamboo poles, and pandas chew hard goods. Therefore, pandas can be distributed from the low valley to the altitude limit of bamboo of about 3500 meters, and rely on seasonal vertical migration to meet their own nutritional needs.

Therefore, pandas are not a failure in evolutionary history, they are the winners of the cunning [guǐ jué].

Proverbs 2. Pandas are "frigid" and have difficulty in reproduction.

In addition to the migration law, the breeding time of giant pandas is also related to the growth rhythm of bamboo. March to May is the mating season for pandas. Although females are only in estrus for two or three days and males are short, it does not prevent pandas from exuberant sexual desire and reproduction in the wild. Females can mate with multiple males in a short estrus period, while males look for females in estrus everywhere, and they can sow everywhere as long as they can beat other competitors.

Pandas are sexually mature at the age of 4-5. As long as they are not raising their cubs, all individuals will participate in breeding and can’t stop them. After mating, they return to their own solitary lives, do not interfere with each other, and will not raise the next generation together. This kind of open mating with multiple females and males is not "frigid" at all.

Pandas breed once every two or three years, with 1 ~ 2 babies each time, and they will choose to raise stronger babies to grow up, with a survival rate as high as 60 ~ 90%. This reproduction rate is not bad at all in higher animals. That pandas can’t be born is only blinded by the news in captivity.

Pandas who like to climb and hug trees and rest on them. Panda cubs tend to stay in trees for a long time to avoid natural enemies. | Li Binbin

Panda’s birth date is nearly half a year from mating, but their eggs are dormant after fertilization and float in the uterus until certain conditions are met, and then they will fall on the uterine wall and begin to develop. This is delayed implantation of the bear. For pandas, the intrauterine development time is less than two months, so the cubs born are only one-third as heavy as a can of coke. Some researchers suspect that the condition of fertilized eggs implantation is that the mother changes from eating bamboo shoots to eating bamboo leaves rich in calcium.

Sudden birth. Pay attention to the cub’s size. ｜ panda

After birth, the baby will cling to his mother for milk like a follower until he is nine months old and begins to eat bamboo. It’s April and May when spring is blooming, and fresh and tender bamboo shoots rich in protein come out. This breeding cycle can just make the next generation catch up with the best season. Individuals who can reproduce so far can of course make full use of the food growth cycle.

Proverbs 3. When bamboo blooms, pandas will starve to death.

Bamboo does have periodic collective flowering and then die in pieces. However, there are nearly 40 species of bamboo distributed in the panda’s habitat, which can be eaten by pandas. The collective flowering cycle of bamboo is different. When one kind of bamboo blooms, pandas move to other places to find another kind of bamboo to eat.

There are many bamboos that pandas can eat, such as Muzhu (left) and Arrow Bamboo (right). ｜ plantphoto.cn

Pandas are highly nearsighted, but in the dense bamboo forests under the forest, your eyesight is useless, even if there are fairies a few meters away, you can’t see them. The panda has an excellent sense of smell. Before you see it, it can smell that you are not the same kind. The first reaction will be to avoid it and walk away silently. At the same time, they also distinguish territories and convey courtship signals through smell marks. When the tail is tilted, urine is mixed through the secretion of perianal glands to mark the trunk.

Watch the tail carefully! Although it is less than 20 cm, it is still the longest tail among bears except lazy bears. No matter how dirty you sit, it is white, not black. ｜cliff1066™ / flickr

Truth 1. The threat of pandas lies in the loss of habitat.

Delicious and edible bamboo needs the protection of the forest. If there is no shade, bamboo will grow too dense and thick. At the same time, forests with less interference often have big trees, which can provide pandas with litter holes. This is why a good forest is so important to pandas.

Panda habitat in Wang Lang National Nature Reserve, healthy bamboo forest under spruce and fir. | Li Binbin

Looking up at the trees in the sky, looking down at the green bamboos, hanging branches of pineapples, densely covered with moss, and flowing through the gentle slopes, this is the paradise of pandas. With their unique choices, the uncontested pandas could have lived in peace all the time. They are not short of food.

However, the sound of deforestation sounded, all avenues passed through the forest, bulldozers pushed away the shelter, and brought the imprint of the city. Hydropower, minerals, farmland, grazing, and even commercial tourism development, uncontrolled people and traffic are squeezing the panda’s wild habitat step by step, breaking it into parts and "breaking it down one by one." Taking Wang Lang Giant Panda Reserve as an example, grazing has led to the degradation or even disappearance of more than one third of the panda habitat. The reduction and fragmentation of habitats, coupled with rapid climate change, are the real threats faced by pandas.

Bamboo that died after being eaten by cattle and horses in the panda habitat in Pingwu, Sichuan. | Li Binbin

Although the number of pandas has increased in the past decade, it has been divided into 33 local populations, of which 18 local populations have fewer than 10 individuals, which is highly endangered. They are separated from other local populations by natural or artificial barriers, making it difficult for individuals and genes to communicate. If bamboo blooms and dies, another kind of green bamboo may not be far away, but there is no ecological corridor connecting the two areas, so pandas can’t get through; If a malignant disease strikes, the local population is too similar, and it is difficult for individuals to survive with disease-resistant genes-the result may be the collapse of a local population. With the rapid climate change, the growth mode and scope of bamboo have changed. Will the giant pandas have time to migrate and adapt? Are their prospects optimistic?

Truth 2. Protecting pandas is not only protecting pandas.

As the only country with wild giant pandas, our protection should not stop at expanding the captive population. It is more reasonable to put resources into the protection of wild habitats. This kind of protection not only protects pandas, but also protects the lifeblood of other creatures.

Because of the establishment of the panda reserve, these areas still retain intact virgin forests. The picture shows Wang Lang National Nature Reserve in Sichuan. | Li Binbin

The distribution area of pandas happens to be the area with the highest concentration of endemic species in China, and 96% of panda habitats are hot spots of endemic species distribution in China (endemic species in China, that is, creatures you can’t find outside China). There are more than 8,000 species of animals and plants in the panda habitat, covering 70% of mammals endemic to China, 70% of birds endemic to China and 30% of amphibians endemic to the forest. It can be said that protecting any forest that pandas like sheltered many unknown, unique and possibly endangered species.

Nearly one-third of the national hotspots of mammals, birds and amphibians are located in the panda habitat. ｜ShutterPulp / flickr

For these species, it may be difficult for you to find them cute, it may be difficult for you to donate money to them, it may be difficult for you to know their existence or even remember their names, and their disappearance may be neglected. However, a healthy ecosystem, a vibrant forest, is marked by these species, as well as the known or unknown intricate relationship between species.

I don’t know if we are too lucky. In the southwest mountainous area of China, a biodiversity hotspot that is even important to the whole world, there is a star species, the panda, that people all over the world pay attention to. Because of this concern, compared with other areas in China, it is considered a lucky land. Panda is like a big umbrella, protecting these creatures who live in the same land with it.

Author: Li Binbin

Editor: hannah

An AI

You love pandas, are you willing to pay more attention to their wild homes, and are you willing to use your choices to support local people to find reasons and motivation to protect forests?

This article comes from the shell and cannot be reproduced without authorization.

Read the original text

　　Nancy’s son Xiao Ge is a little introverted and doesn’t like to talk much. On the first day, he seems to have fewer topics to communicate with his parents. Nancy gave birth to her daughter a year ago. When my sister was born, Xiao Ge occasionally came to my sister’s crib to have a look, but he didn’t tease her and couldn’t see his joy as a brother.

　　Nancy asked her son, "Do you like your sister?" He said: "I don’t like it, because my sister always cries. When she is sick and taking medicine, she deliberately spits it out, and her clothes are dirty. Besides, the milk on her body smells bad!"

　　Once, the grandmother who helped to look after Xiao Ge went out on business, and her daughter woke up and cried in bed. Nancy, who was going to the toilet, called Xiao Ge: "Brother, hurry to coax my sister." However, when she heard her daughter’s crying getting louder and louder, she hurried out of the toilet. Nancy saw a scene that surprised her: her son was standing in front of her sister’s bed, and her right hand was holding her sister’s face and twisting it left and right. Nancy was in a hurry and shouted at him angrily, "Why are you pulling your sister’s face?" Like a brother? " Xiao Ge quickly retracted his hand, and there were three obvious whitening nail prints on his daughter’s face. Nancy loves her little girl so much that she really wants to beat Xiao Ge.

　　Xiao Ge stared at Nancy, and two lines of tears rolled down and shouted at her, "Who makes her so annoying, always crying, so that I have no idea to do my homework?" You are partial and only love her. You love her when she doesn’t cry, and you coax her when she cries. She does everything right. When have you ever cared so much about me? "

　　Xiao Ge said that and rushed into her room. Then, she heard the "bang" sound of stationery and books being swept to the ground, and there was a loud wail.

　　For an instant, Nancy was shocked. To tell the truth, she never thought that her son would have such a big reaction. She just scolded Xiao Ge impatiently. Xiao Ge’s crying made Nancy feel sorry for her child again.

　　Secretly I don’t know how much I was jealous of my sister.

　　We habitually think that having two children is to give the boss a companion. We habitually think that my brother or sister must like my sister or younger brother. We also habitually think that my brother is older than my sister and should be sensible. When my sister is in trouble, my brother has to give way naturally. When my sister cries, my brother has to coax … …

　　"I forgot, in fact, Xiao Ge is just a child." Nancy said, I am busy taking care of my little one at ordinary times, leaving my little one to my grandmother, who will take him to school and accompany him for a walk at night. Although he didn’t say anything, he secretly didn’t know how much he was jealous of his sister. He hated that his sister took away his parents’ love for him.

　　Nancy said that since she was pregnant and it was inconvenient to go out, she did not take her son out to travel or visit the park for a long time, and rarely took him to the movies. After the daughter was born, she cried a lot, and the whole family turned around and took turns holding and coaxing. Sometimes, Nancy asks Xiao Ge to look after her sister. Xiao Ge looks unhappy: "Mom, this is your baby. Why do you want me to look at it?" I don’t want to play with her, I want to play with myself. "

　　No wonder, Nancy found that her sister’s toys were often not found and inexplicably ran to the bottom of the sofa. No wonder, my sister’s cloth book was painted in a mess with watercolor pens; No wonder my sister’s unused clean diapers appear in the dirty water in the washbasin … … It turns out that these are all good things that my son did on purpose.

　　On the night of the "sister-pinching incident", Nancy caressed her son and apologized to him. From the next day, she picked up her son personally after school every afternoon, and tried to take time to accompany him to do his homework and go downstairs to play at night. One day after school, Nancy took him directly to the cinema to watch movies, and took out his favorite KFC set meal from his bag. His son happily slung her arm and said emotionally, "Mom, you remember that I love this! I thought you only cared about your sister and forgot everything about me! " Nancy’s nose is sour, and she feels that she has wronged her son a lot.

　　In May 2019, the Statistical Bulletin on the Development of China’s Health Care in 2018 issued by the National Health and Wellness Commission showed that in 2018, there were 15.23 million people born in China, and the proportion of two children remained at around 50%. Among them, how many adolescent children encounter the newly born two children and face growing up with their younger brothers or sisters?

　　When the adolescent "eldest brother" is meeting two children, how parents should deal with this special period of the family has become a difficult problem for many families with two children.

　　Song Shaowei, a famous adolescent psychologist and executive director of the Quality Education Research and Development Center of Tsinghua University Humanities College, said in an interview with China Youth Daily and China Youth Network: "Adolescent children are particularly sensitive. After giving birth to a second child, don’t let the child feel suddenly abandoned by his parents. In the process of taking care of the little one, let the big one take care of the little one together. With this process, he will feel that mom and dad are still doing something with me. "

　　Song Shaowei suggested that parents can be frank with the boss: "Parents’ time is always limited. If they are small, there will be some neglect in the process of taking care of you, or there will be some reduction in time, but we still love you very much."

　　"You might as well tell your child frankly that you are busy with your second child. The more parents cover up, the more they cover up. Adolescent children are very energetic and feel that their parents are particularly hypocritical. " Song Shaowei said.

　　Adolescence is impatient with nothing but my sister.

　　Wu Li is 44 years old. Two years ago, as an elderly woman, she gave birth to her second daughter. Today, the eldest daughter Lele is in the second grade, and the second daughter is two years old. In order to take care of the two children, Wu Li chooses to be a full-time mother at home.

　　For the eldest daughter Lele, Wu Li bluntly said: "If you have two children, the troubles of adolescence are there, and the problems you face will not be reduced at all."

　　Wu Li said that the "quarrels" between her and Lele were almost trivial. For example, if you don’t knock at the door when you enter your daughter’s room, her daughter will yell "go out" in a particularly angry way; For example, when going to the toilet, Lele always walks in with her mobile phone for half an hour, and she can fly into a rage at the door; Another example is that the daughter takes a small mirror to take photos all day. Just after saying a few words about her, the eldest daughter rolls her eyes at her.

　　"These things have nothing to do with my sister." Wu Li said that the worst quarrel between her eldest daughter and her was riding a bicycle. Every day after school, Wu Li rides a bicycle to pick up her eldest daughter, and her two-year-old daughter sits on a small basket placed on the front beam of the bicycle.

　　"We usually ride bicycles side by side. There was a lot of traffic that day, and when I turned the corner, I said to her ‘ To the right and some, tandem ride ’ . She didn’t seem to hear me, and she rode slowly in front of me, so I leaned to the right. This is a great thing, she quarreled with me all the way. " The eldest daughter kept asking Wu Li why she deliberately squeezed her, and what was her intention? "First of all, I warned you to walk on the right. Secondly, I didn’t mean to squeeze you." Wu Li has repeatedly expressed her confession.

　　Arriving at the door, my daughter grabbed her bike and said, "You are dishonest. Let’s go to the traffic police to check the surveillance video!" " "You are sick! You are wasting my time. " Wu Li said. "You are sick, you are crazy, don’t pick me up in the future." The daughter said.

　　"You see, my sister’s face is cold. I don’t have time to talk to you here. " "It’s nothing to do with my sister. I’m talking about you. You must apologize to me today." Finally, Wu Li had to "pretend" to apologize to her eldest daughter with grievances. Wu Li said: "At puberty, the eldest daughter is like a cow. Anyone who shakes in front of her will lose his temper as long as he doesn’t like it."

　　Fortunately, I have a sister. "My sister was impatient with everything in adolescence, only her sister. All her good looks were given to her sister." Wu Li said that in normal times, Lele would feed her sister, take her to watch cartoons and tell her stories when she slept at night. Lele said to her, "When I was born, I weighed two kilograms, one kilogram was fleshy and one kilogram was cute. When I grew up, there were more and more fleshy, but the cuteness did not increase, so I became unlovable."

　　"The eldest daughter has more conflicts with us, and there is no conflict with her sister. For the puberty of the eldest daughter, the two-year-old sister played a certain role as a moderator. " Wu Li said.

　　"In the past, my eldest daughter slept alone in a room, often staying up until 11 o’clock, and sometimes she was insomnia. Later, I asked my eldest daughter to sleep with me, and my sister slept between us. Unexpectedly, Lele was very happy. She scratched her sister’s back every day and went to bed on time at 9: 30 in the evening, for fear of affecting her sleep. "

　　Let adolescent babies participate in bringing up two children together.

　　Nancy said that after watching movies with her son alone, she often found opportunities to take her daughter and son to play together, and solemnly told Xiao Ge: "My sister is a child born to my mother, and you are also a child born to my mother. Mom should take care of it! You take care of your sister, and your mother will do things quickly, so that she can have extra time to study, watch movies and go to the park alone. "

　　Xiao Ge had to compromise reluctantly. Sometimes, he is like a baby, crawling with his sister on the crawling mat in the living room, reading story books to her and playing with toys with her. Recently, my sister was learning to walk. When he saw her wobbly and stood up and walked forward, he was worried that her sister would fall, and he would quickly follow her to protect her. She looked like a brother.

　　Sun Yunxiao, chief expert of China Youth Research Center, said: "Actually, having two children is a great psychological challenge to the eldest brother. Even if the child enters adolescence and becomes a young adult, he is inexperienced, ignorant and full of fear in being a brother or sister, and needs the help of his parents. If parents and families ignore this point, it will do great harm to children, and the relationship between the two children in the future is unpredictable. If the boss’s psychological problems are not solved, maybe he will hate the second child and torture the second child in various ways. "

　　Sun Yunxiao said: "The contradiction between the eldest and the second is something that all families may face. As an only child, the boss used to enjoy the love of his parents, but now he has a second child, so parents have to help his children accept and adapt, and help them eliminate their fears. Rights and responsibilities correspond and the two are unified. "

　　Song Shaowei once had an 18-year-old student. When the student went out to play with his brother, who was a few months old, many people teased him and said, "Yo, you will have a baby!" His students were not angry at all, and they proudly said to others, "This is my brother. Taking him with them is like taking care of my own children."

　　Song Shaowei said: "If there is an adolescent child and a second child is born, the best way at this time is to let the adolescent child feel that the second child is his own. Being able to take care of his younger brother and sister is his own value, because the child needs a sense of adulthood and value in adolescence. If he is allowed to participate in taking care of his younger brother and sister more, the child will actually be very proud."

　　Sun Yunxiao said that in life, many people have suffered a lot for two children, such as being a stay-at-home mother. This is a contradiction between the reasonable desire to have children and the reality. It is reasonable and always reasonable to have two children, and the requirements are just, which is in line with the basic needs of human development. In the Soviet era, a child whose mother was not well educated went to the educator Makarenko for advice, and his advice was "Then you can have another one".

　　Facts have proved that two children are better educated, and he told a truth that there is an ecological balance in nature and a balance in population. Families with two children are relatively balanced. "Before, many people paid some prices for the second child. In my opinion, these payments are valuable." Sun Yunxiao said. (China Youth Daily China Youth Network reporter Gui Jie)

On the morning of May 5th.

Daoxin Village, Yongxing Town, Haikou

A man was lying motionless on the ground.

The nearby residents immediately called the police after discovering it.

Confirmed

The man has no signs of life.

The incident took place under a high-voltage power tower next to a fork in the road. The police, 120 and other departments then rushed to the scene for disposal and set up a warning line.

At noon that day, when the reporter rushed to the scene, the functional department had completed the on-site inspection. The reporter noticed that lying on the ground was a middle-aged man, his hands kept stretching upward, and his clothes were burnt. Residents nearby told reporters that at 9: 26 am on the day of the incident, they heard a huge explosion.

According to the residents nearby, because there were green plants under the high-voltage tower, at first she thought it was a circuit failure, and after a while she realized that something was wrong. "Just look at the top, the electric tower is on fire. When I came out, I didn’t see anyone because he was already at the bottom."

The reporter continued to visit the businesses and residents around the incident, but because of the sudden incident, no one knew what happened. Subsequently, the reporter saw a man who had been calling at the scene. After asking the other party, he said that he was a friend of the deceased and had just arrived at the scene.

"He drove to work in Baisha Rubber Yard, and I don’t know if he came in and out." According to reports,The deceased was in his 40 s this year and was a field worker in a farm in Baisha.There was no one else at the time of the incident, so everyone didn’t know what happened.

After many searches, the reporter also found Mr. Wang, a nearby construction site security guard who assisted in the disposal in the video.

"When we arrived at the scene, there was already a police station beside us. He asked us to pull the cordon together to maintain and protect the scene."According to the memory of Mr. Wang, the security guard, when they came to the scene, they found a bird’s nest next to the man’s body.

"We saw a man lying under the electric tower with bare arms, and then there were some bird’s nests and things like that next to him." Security guard Mr. Wang said

The local villagers told reporters that the bird’s nest was on the electric tower. The reporter noticed that the high-voltage tower at the incident site was 10 kV Cangying Station Shiziling Line 2. The reporter also learned from the power supply department that unlike ordinary wires, high-voltage electricity has a safe distance, and it is absolutely forbidden to climb, otherwise it will bring great risks. At the same time, the reporter also learned from the high-tech police station in the jurisdiction that this incident is still under investigation.

Source: Live Hainan

　　[PConline information]Android 6.0 marshmallows are officially released! On October 6th, Google released the factory image of Android 6.0 as planned, and uploaded it to the open source project AOSP. These factory images of Android 6.0 released by Google are suitable for Nexus devices. If you are a user of Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and Nexus 7 2013, you can manually brush in the Android 6.0 system image and upgrade to the latest system. Note, however, that upgrading with system image will lose data.

　　The specific version number of Android 6.0 system released by Google is MRA58K, and its volume has reached more than 500M m.. Compared with the previous Android lollipop system, the interface and architecture of Android 6.0 marshmallow have not changed much, and the main improvements are the functions and details. For example, Android 6.0 has joined the rights management system, supported the Doze deep sleep power-saving mode, and improved the volume adjustment, do not disturb mode and so on. The detailed major improvements can beClick here to view.. Generally speaking, many functions brought by Android 6.0 are long-awaited by users, and Android 6.0 is worth updating.

　　If you are a user of a Nexus device, you can get an Android 6.0 system image through the link below. However, since these links are from Google, it is necessary to surf the Internet scientifically before downloading smoothly. Of course, these system image resources have also been popular in major network disks at present. If you need to divert resources, you can search and download them yourself.

　　Android 6.0 system image download address page:Click here to enter.

Jing Zheng Fa [2015] No.23

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

　　The Measures of Beijing Municipal People’s Government for Supervision and Inspection are hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement them carefully.

the people’s government of beijing city

April 23, 2015

Measures of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Supervision and Inspection

Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 These Measures are formulated in accordance with the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Further Strengthening the Supervision and Inspection Work of the Government (Guo Ban Fa [2014] No.42) and the Notice of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Working Rules of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government (Jing Zheng Fa [2013] No.5), combined with the actual work of this Municipality.

　　Article 2 The supervision and inspection work is an important guarantee for implementing the strategic layout of "building a well-off society in an all-round way, deepening reform in an all-round way, ruling the country according to law in an all-round way and strictly administering the party in an all-round way", an important guarantee for implementing the major decision-making arrangements of the party and the government, and an important way for the government to fully perform its duties. Doing this work well is of great significance to ensure the full implementation of major decision-making arrangements of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, the municipal party committee and the municipal government, fulfill the responsibilities of "four services", strengthen the strategic positioning of the capital city, and build a world-class harmonious and livable capital.

　　Article 3 We should regard supervision and inspection as an important part of government work, earnestly strengthen organizational leadership, put it on the important agenda, put forward supervision and inspection requirements when studying and making decisions, make clear the supervision and inspection items when deploying work, and check the implementation after making decisions.

　　Article 4 We should take ensuring the smoothness of government decrees and the implementation of work as the starting point and the end result of supervision and inspection work, as an important criterion to measure the effectiveness of supervision and inspection work, promote the government’s scientific decision-making, improve its work style, establish a new policy of keeping promises and actions, truly implement orders and prohibitions, ensure that everything is implemented and everything echoes, and continuously improve the government’s credibility and execution.

Chapter II Work Organization System

　　Fifth to establish a unified leadership of the government, the general office (room) comprehensive coordination, supervision and inspection agencies to organize the implementation of the supervision and inspection work system. The supervision and inspection institution is responsible for the formulation and implementation of the work plan, as well as the coordination of supervision and inspection work of various departments at the same level and the guidance of supervision and inspection work of subordinate units. The supervision and inspection institutions at all levels of the government system should strengthen cooperation with the supervision and inspection institutions of the party committees at the same level, and give full play to the supervisory role of the administrative supervision of the supervisory organs and the special audit of the auditing departments, the public opinion supervision of the news media, the auxiliary role of the opinion polls of the statistical departments, and the professional evaluation role of the third-party institutions.

　　Article 6 The Secretary-General of the municipal government shall be responsible for overall coordination and guidance of the supervision and inspection work of the municipal government system. The general office of the municipal government is the competent department of the municipal government’s supervision and inspection work, and is responsible for overall coordination and overall planning to promote the supervision and inspection work of the city’s government system; The municipal government supervision room is located in the general office of the municipal government. It is a full-time institution that performs the duties of supervision and inspection of the municipal government. It is mainly responsible for organizing, coordinating and guiding the supervision and inspection work, and conducting direct supervision on major decision-making matters.

　　Article 7 The county governments, departments and units of the municipal government are the concrete implementation units of the decision-making arrangements of the municipal party committee and the municipal government, and bear the main responsibility. The main responsible comrades are the first responsible persons for the supervision and inspection work, and take overall responsibility for the implementation of the work. At the same time, the district and county governments should make it clear that the executive deputy district (county) heads, and all departments and units of the municipal government should make it clear that a responsible comrade is directly in charge of the supervision and inspection work. District and county governments should set up special supervision and inspection institutions; All departments and units of the municipal government should clearly undertake the supervision and inspection functions, and the units with heavy workload and heavy tasks should set up special supervision and inspection institutions.

Chapter III Work Tasks and Division of Labor

　　Article 8 The main task of supervision and inspection work is to promote the implementation of major decisions and arrangements made by the Party and the government. It mainly includes: supervision and inspection of the implementation of laws, regulations and normative documents, supervision and inspection of the implementation of matters decided at important meetings, supervision and inspection of the implementation of instructions and tasks assigned by leading comrades and other matters that need supervision and inspection. We should pay special attention to the supervision and inspection of the implementation of important documents, important meetings, important speeches and instructions of leading comrades and other major decision-making arrangements in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.

　　Ninth according to the supervision and inspection tasks, the division of labor is as follows:

　　(a) the documents issued by the general offices of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council, and the leading comrades of the municipal party committee and the municipal government instruct the relevant districts, counties, departments and units to implement them, and the general office of the municipal government is responsible for supervision and inspection, and the main responsible unit shall, jointly with the co-organizers, do a good job of implementation as required.

　　(two) in the name of the municipal party committee, the municipal government or the general office of the municipal party committee and the general office of the municipal government, the general office of the municipal government shall jointly carry out supervision and inspection according to the relevant requirements; Documents issued in the name of the municipal government and the municipal government office shall be supervised and inspected by the municipal government office; By the unit that submitted the document as the main responsible unit, in conjunction with the co-organizers to do a good job of implementation as required.

　　(three) the important meeting of the municipal government decided matters, the main leaders of the municipal government presided over the special meeting of the municipal government decided matters of supervision and inspection and feedback report by the general office of the municipal government; The supervision and inspection of the matters decided by the special meeting of the municipal government presided over by other leading comrades of the municipal government shall be the responsibility of the general office of the municipal government or the relevant departments that undertake the meeting.

　　(four) the instructions of the party and state leaders, and the supervision, inspection, feedback and coordination of the instructions, instructions and matters assigned by the leading comrades of the municipal party Committee and the municipal government shall be in charge of the general office of the municipal government; Matters assigned by leading comrades in the investigation and other matters related to emergency management, external liaison, proposal handling, government information and other work areas that need supervision and inspection, according to the principle of "who undertakes, who supervises", the corresponding undertaking department shall be responsible for supervision and inspection according to the division of responsibilities.

　　(five) the municipal government leaders in foreign visits and activities at home and abroad to determine the need to implement matters by the foreign affairs department of the municipal government is responsible for collecting and sorting out, and urge the relevant departments to implement.

　　Tenth involves a number of departments to undertake the inspection matters, the main unit responsible for undertaking the task is mainly responsible for the implementation of the work, and the co-organizers bear corresponding responsibilities. The main responsible unit should take the initiative to communicate with the co-organizers, and the co-organizers should actively cooperate with the work to form a joint force for implementation.

Chapter IV Related Work System

　　Eleventh to continuously deepen and improve the relevant work system, to ensure that the supervision and inspection work is carried out in a standardized and orderly manner.

　　(a) the deadline for reporting system. The municipal government should take the initiative to report the implementation of major decision-making arrangements to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Municipal Party Committee in a timely manner. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the municipal party committee and municipal government held an important meeting, after the introduction of major decisions, after the release of important speeches by leading comrades, in principle, the main responsible unit in conjunction with the co-organizers should submit to the municipal government to convey the deployment and promote the implementation within one month; Submit the work progress and effect within 3 months; Further implementation shall be submitted within half a year and one year. Major progress, important situation, and the implementation of emergency supervision matters should be reported in a timely manner.

　　(two) major special supervision system. According to the important documents and meetings of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the municipal party committee and municipal government, as well as the important instructions and instructions of leading comrades, the municipal government inspection team will be formed in a timely manner, and the staff will be deployed to concentrate their efforts and time to carry out on-the-spot inspection activities, understand the truth, coordinate services and supervise the implementation.

　　(3) Information notification system. On the implementation of key supervision matters involving the overall situation, the general office of the municipal government is responsible for reporting on a monthly basis in the form of a monthly special report on key supervision matters; For units that have achieved remarkable results, it is necessary to sum up experience and exchange and promote them; The work progress is slow, ineffective implementation of the unit, to point out the problem, instructed to report the reasons, to be informed criticism and urge the rectification.

　　(4) Dynamic management system. Establish and improve the process-based work norms, and realize the whole process and dynamic management of the government’s major decision-making arrangements. When the government makes major decision-making arrangements, the supervision and inspection institutions should establish the supervision and inspection work ledger simultaneously with relevant departments, refine the division of tasks, clarify the responsible units, specify the completion time limit, strengthen follow-up supervision, and ensure the implementation of tasks.

　　(5) Joint supervision system. According to the needs of the work, for major decision-making tasks involving many departments, which are difficult to implement or professional, the government supervision and inspection agencies may jointly carry out supervision and inspection with the supervision and inspection agencies of the party committees at the same level or professional departments.

　　(6) Regular consultation system. Led by the supervision and inspection institutions and attended by relevant departments, regular communication meetings will be held to inform the progress of major decision-making arrangements, especially those that have publicly promised to complete the time limit, and coordinate and solve problems encountered in the work.

　　(7) Investigation and review system. For the important supervision matters concerned by the leaders and involving the vital interests of the masses, the supervision and inspection institutions should conduct on-the-spot investigation and review, and carry out "looking back" and "re-supervision" in a timely manner to consolidate the implementation results and ensure the effectiveness.

　　(eight) supervision and investigation system. Actively carry out supervision and research around the hot issues that the masses care about, the difficult issues in the implementation of decision-making and the key issues that leading comrades pay attention to. Go deep into the grass roots, find problems, find out the reasons, put forward countermeasures and suggestions, and provide reference for scientific decision-making.

　　(9) Performance management system. Incorporate the implementation of supervision matters into the scope of government performance management. Organize experts, scholars and third-party evaluation agencies to evaluate the performance of decision-making implementation.

Chapter V Accountability

　　Twelfth district and county governments, municipal government departments and units should seriously cooperate with the work of supervision and inspection agencies, and shall not pass the buck, make false reports; Inspectors should adhere to principles, strictly observe work discipline, and ensure honesty and fairness. If dereliction of duty, violation of discipline and law are found in the implementation of major decision-making arrangements, the relevant information and clues should be transferred to the supervisory organ in a timely manner, and the responsibility should be seriously pursued.

　　Chapter VI Team Building

　　Thirteenth district and county governments, municipal government departments and units should be fully staffed with full-time (part-time) inspectors, and select personnel with good political quality, hard ideological style, strong professional ability and familiarity with all aspects to engage in supervision and inspection work. It is necessary to strengthen the training of inspectors, improve the ability of comprehensive coordination, policy grasp, investigation and research, and build a team of supervision and inspection cadres who are brave in taking responsibility, daring to take responsibility and grasping implementation. At the same time, it is necessary to provide necessary conditions and financial guarantee for inspectors to carry out their work.

　　Fourteenth in order to further strengthen the supervision and inspection work, in the city, district and county governments to establish a system of inspectors. The inspector is a person with high political quality, rich work experience, courage to take responsibility, good at finding problems, communication and coordination, and strong ability to solve problems. The main duties of the inspector are: to supervise and inspect the implementation of major decision-making arrangements of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, the municipal party Committee and the municipal government; Supervise and investigate the implementation of key work in cities, districts and counties, and make unannounced visits to understand and reflect the demands, opinions and suggestions of grassroots cadres and the masses; Timely feedback to supervise and inspect the work.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 15 The supervision and inspection work of district and county governments, municipal government departments and municipal institutions shall be implemented with reference to these measures, and corresponding implementation rules shall be formulated according to the actual work.

　　Sixteenth approach by the municipal government office is responsible for the interpretation of.

　　Article 17 These Measures shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation.

　　Attachment: 1. Work Procedures for Major Special Supervision of the Municipal Government

　　　　　2 important meetings of the municipal government to implement the supervision procedures.

　　　　　3 important documents of the municipal government to implement the supervision work procedures.

　　　　　4 major decisions of the municipal government, leadership instructions, assigned matters supervision procedures.

　　　　　5 municipal government key supervision matters monthly special report work procedures

　　　　　6 "inspection notice", "inspection reminder" and "inspection withdrawal" sample table (omitted)

　　Annex 1

Municipal government’s major special inspection procedures

　　Major special inspection refers to the large-scale on-the-spot inspection activities organized and carried out by the general office of the municipal government, which is composed of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, important documents and important meetings of the municipal government, and the spirit of important instructions and instructions of leading comrades. Major special inspection procedures include five steps: inspection project establishment, mobilization training, on-site inspection, comprehensive report and rectification implementation.

　　First, the supervision project

　　Inspection project generally includes four links: making inspection plan, drafting inspection plan, reporting to leaders for approval, and issuing inspection notice.

　　(a) to formulate the inspection plan. The general office of the municipal government, in consultation with the relevant units, selects the work that affects the overall situation, has strong timeliness and is concerned by leading comrades as a major special inspection item, and formulates the annual major special inspection plan of the general office of the municipal government for approval according to the procedures. During the implementation of the plan, relevant contents should be adjusted in time according to the changes of the situation and the requirements of leading comrades.

　　(two) drafting supervision plan. The general office of the municipal government shall, in accordance with the annual major special inspection plan, study and formulate major special inspection plans in consultation with relevant units. Generally, it includes: inspection basis, inspection content and key points, inspection time, inspection objects, inspection team members, mobilization training, inspection methods, inspection report methods, news propaganda, and inspection work organization and coordination.

　　(three) reported to the leadership for approval. The general office of the municipal government drafted instructions, and submitted the inspection plan to the leaders of the municipal government for instructions according to the procedures. In the request, we should clarify the basis, purpose and method of carrying out major special inspections, briefly introduce the drafting process of the inspection plan, summarize the opinions of relevant departments and units, and put forward suggestions for carrying out major special inspections. According to the inspection plan, draft the inspection notice and submit it for approval together with the inspection plan.

　　(four) issued a notice of supervision. According to the inspection plan approved by the leading comrades, the inspection notice is issued.

　　Second, mobilization training

　　Mobilization training is specifically undertaken by the general office of the municipal government. Generally, it includes four links: forming inspection team, determining training content, compiling inspection manual and organizing mobilization training.

　　(1) to form an inspection team. The general office of the municipal government informed the relevant departments and units participating in the inspection to register, and put forward the requirements for the level and number of personnel participating in the inspection. According to the registration situation, determine the group list, and clarify the responsible persons, contacts and members of each group.

　　(2) Determine the training content. It mainly includes: defining the objectives and tasks of supervision, introducing relevant information, interpreting policy documents, teaching supervision methods, putting forward work requirements, and determining the division of labor of supervision.

　　(three) the supervision manual. The important documents involved in the work and the important speeches, instructions and instructions of leading comrades, as well as the inspection work plan, the list of grouping personnel, the contact information of each group, the work requirements and relevant regulations, will be compiled into a book, the classification will be determined, and the inspection team will be distributed.

　　(4) Organizing mobilization training. Generally, 3 days before the on-site inspection, all inspectors will be trained in centralized mobilization. The main agenda includes: inviting leading comrades to mobilize and deploy major special inspection work and put forward requirements; Ask the responsible comrades or experts of the relevant units to introduce the situation and interpret the policy; Organize inspectors to study and communicate in groups, be familiar with relevant policies and documents, and clarify the division of tasks.

　　Third, on-site supervision

　　Field inspection generally includes four links: determining the itinerary, carrying out field inspection, feeding back inspection opinions and submitting group reports.

　　(1) Determine the itinerary. Each inspection team timely contacted the inspected districts, counties or departments to study and refine the inspection plan, and put forward specific requirements for the inspection work of this group.

　　(two) to carry out on-site supervision.

　　1. Listen to the situation report. In order to fully understand the implementation of the work, we should listen to the reports on the work of the districts, counties and departments, and master the implementation, successful experience, effective practices and existing problems of the key issues of supervision.

　　2. Conduct field visits. According to the inspection tasks and inspection scope, we should go deep into the reality, the grassroots and the masses, and take unannounced visits to check the progress of various work and the implementation of relevant policies.

　　3. Make an objective assessment. The inspection team made a timely quantitative and qualitative analysis of the implementation of relevant policies and measures, made a realistic assessment of the progress and effect, and found out the existing problems.

　　4. Put forward rectification requirements. The inspection team carefully sorted out the outstanding contradictions and problems found, studied and analyzed the subjective and objective reasons, and put forward rectification requirements.

　　(three) feedback supervision opinions. Each inspection team timely gives feedback to the inspected districts, counties or departments, evaluates the overall situation, points out the existing problems, and puts forward rectification requirements.

　　(4) Submit the group report. The heads of the inspection teams are responsible for organizing the drafting, forming a group report with detailed contents, clear views and clear suggestions, and submitting it to the municipal government inspection room in time after the on-site inspection.

　　Fourth, the comprehensive report

　　The comprehensive report generally includes three links: drafting inspection report, reporting inspection situation and reporting inspection report.

　　(1) Drafting the inspection report. After the on-the-spot inspection, the general office of the municipal government convened a meeting of the heads of the inspection teams or the writers of the group reports in time, listened to the reports of the inspection teams, exchanged the inspection work, and drafted the inspection report.

　　(two) report the inspection situation. The general office of the municipal government shall, as the case may be, draw the executive meeting or special meeting of the municipal government to listen to the report on the work of the inspection team. If the leaders agree to report, the general office of the municipal government shall, jointly with the relevant units, prepare for the report.

　　(three) submit the inspection report. According to the instructions of the leading comrades and the spirit of the meeting, the inspection report will be further revised and improved, and the opinions of relevant units will be solicited in writing, and then reported to the leading comrades according to the procedures.

　　V. Implementation of rectification

　　The implementation of rectification generally includes three links: informing the inspection situation, urging the rectification of problems, and reporting the rectification results.

　　(1) Informing the inspection. The general office of the municipal government will notify the inspection report approved by the leading comrades in the form of "inspection and feedback".

　　(2) urge the problem to be rectified. The general office of the municipal government issued an inspection notice on the problems found in the inspection, put forward the work requirements, defined the working time limit, urged the relevant districts and counties or departments to do a good job in rectification and implementation, and reported the rectification report on schedule.

　　(3) Report the rectification results. The rectification report submitted by the relevant districts, counties or departments shall be submitted to the leading comrades after being audited by the general office of the municipal government. For the key issues concerned by leading comrades, depending on the situation, the rectification situation can be verified by means of return visit and review.

　　Annex 2

The important meeting of the municipal government to implement the supervision procedures.

　　First, project establishment

　　According to the minutes and minutes of the meeting of the municipal government, timely summarize the important decisions of the meeting that need to be supervised, clarify the responsible units, and stipulate the time limit for completion.

　　Second, turn to do

　　In accordance with the principle of "who undertakes, who supervises", the "Notice of Supervision" will be issued, and the important decisions of the meeting will be notified to the relevant units in a timely manner.

　　Third, reminders

　　The conference organizer should strengthen communication with relevant units to understand the progress of the implementation of important decisions of the conference. For the important decisions of the meeting that have not been implemented within the prescribed time limit, timely reminders will be made, and the relevant units will be instructed to report the progress of handling and the reasons for not implementing them, and the time limit for implementation will be extended.

　　Fourth, focus on supervision

　　The relevant units in the report of the extension period has not been implemented, need to be investigated and held accountable, organized by the conference organizer in consultation with the municipal government supervision room investigation, focus on supervision, find out the reasons for the failure to implement, and put forward suggestions and report to the leading comrades. When necessary, organize on-site inspection in the name of the municipal government or the general office of the municipal government.

　　V. Feedback of inspection report

　　After receiving the inspection task, the relevant units should quickly organize the implementation according to the requirements and report the implementation of important decisions of the meeting within the prescribed time limit.

　　VI. Audit Report

　　The meeting organizer shall review the implementation of important meeting decisions reported by relevant units. If the situation is unclear, further verification shall be carried out; If the handling results do not meet the requirements, the "Inspection Withdrawal Form" will be issued and returned for re-handling.

　　VII. Summary Report

　　In accordance with the method of "one inspection per meeting and one feedback per month", the conference organizer will regularly sort out the implementation of important decisions of the monthly inspection meeting and report them to leading comrades.

　　Annex 3

Procedures for the supervision of the implementation of important documents of the municipal government

　　I. Task decomposition

　　(a) when drafting a document, the document organizer should consider the responsibility for the implementation of the tasks mentioned in the document. When the conditions are ripe, the division of responsibilities can be listed in the document, or a separate written division of key tasks will be submitted for approval with the document.

　　(two) after the issuance of the document, the leading comrades require the formulation of the division of key tasks, and the general office of the municipal government or the organizer shall formulate the division of labor plan according to the instructions and instructions of the leading comrades, and submit it for approval according to the document processing procedures.

　　(three) when formulating the division of labor plan, it is necessary to clarify the responsibility to specific units; Involving more than two units, it is necessary to fully solicit opinions and clarify the lead unit.

　　(4) The division of labor plan should put forward a scientific and reasonable time limit for the completion of key tasks, and require the lead unit to actively play the role of overall coordination, timely carry out mid-term inspection and task completion evaluation according to the nature and needs of the tasks, and report to the municipal government.

　　Second, the situation report

　　(a) in accordance with the principle of "who formulates the division of labor scheme, who takes the lead in supervising", if the division of labor scheme requires mid-term inspection and task completion assessment, the general office of the municipal government or the organizer shall urge the relevant units to report the interim progress and task completion to the municipal government in a timely manner; There is no requirement to carry out mid-term inspection and task completion assessment, and the relevant units shall report the completion to the municipal government according to the completion time limit.

　　(two) the interim progress and task completion report submitted by the relevant units, in accordance with the principle of "who supervises, who submits for approval", by the general office of the municipal government or the organizer according to the document processing procedures for examination and approval.

　　Third, supervision and inspection

　　(a) to find that the work progress is slow, the general office of the municipal government or the organizer should promptly urge the relevant units to speed up the work progress. If the tasks are not completed within the prescribed time limit, the general office of the municipal government or the organizer shall, according to the needs, issue a notice of inspection, request to report the progress and the unfinished reasons, and propose to extend the time limit for completion. By the organizer is responsible for the supervision, if necessary, please consult the general office of the municipal government to jointly carry out supervision.

　　(two) involving major decision-making arrangements, the need to organize special supervision, at the beginning of each year by the municipal government office in consultation with the relevant units into the annual major special supervision plan, in accordance with the "municipal government major special supervision procedures" to organize the implementation.

　　Supervise the implementation of other important documents, and refer to this procedure.

　　Annex 4

The municipal government’s major decision-making matters, leadership instructions, assigned matters supervision procedures.

　　First, decompose the project

　　(1) Project establishment. Where the government decides or the main leading comrades give instructions and assign matters that need to be supervised and inspected, the general office of the municipal government is responsible for classifying and decomposing, refining the division of tasks, defining the responsible units, determining the time limit for completion, putting forward opinions to be done one by one, and establishing work ledgers.

　　(2) Assigned. The general office of the municipal government shall, according to the contents of the inspection items and the responsibilities of the relevant units, timely hand over the inspection items to the specific contractor in the form of convening an assigned meeting or issuing the "Inspection Notice", and clarify the relevant requirements.

　　(3) undertaking. After receiving the inspection, the organizer shall submit it to the principal responsible comrades of the unit for review, establish the project management responsibility system, formulate the implementation plan, and handle it carefully as required.

　　Second, supervision and inspection

　　(1) supervision. Take on-site supervision, joint supervision, unannounced visits, telephone reminders, network supervision and other ways to implement the whole process management of supervision matters. For important supervision matters, it is necessary to clarify the person in charge of supervision; For matters that cannot be implemented on schedule, the organizer should be urged in time; If the implementation results do not meet the requirements, they should be returned to do it again.

　　(2) review. The general office of the municipal government is responsible for auditing the project management responsibility system, implementation plan, handling situation and feedback report of the organizer, and conducting on-site verification on the handling of important matters with high social concern and great influence.

　　(3) report. The organizer is responsible for timely feedback and reporting the implementation. The feedback report should be practical and realistic, and report one thing at a time, focusing on the outstanding difficulties and problems existing in the implementation, which will be reported after being issued by the main responsible comrades of this unit.

　　Affected by objective factors, after many efforts, the work requirements and major decision-making objectives of the municipal government have not been implemented as planned, and the organizer shall report to the municipal government in writing within the prescribed time limit and explain the reasons; If it is necessary to adjust the task and the time limit for handling, the organizer shall ask the municipal government for instructions in writing, and after approval by the municipal government, the supervision and inspection institutions shall supervise and inspect according to the adjusted task objectives.

　　(4) filing. The completed inspection items shall be collected, sorted and filed in accordance with the relevant provisions, and shall be handed over to the archives department for management on a regular basis or filed for future reference by the supervision and inspection institutions.

　　Third, performance appraisal

　　The general office of the municipal government shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the municipal government’s performance management, carry out performance evaluation on the implementation of supervision matters by the organizer through task formulation, process monitoring, year-end debriefing and evaluation feedback.

　　Annex 5

Working procedure of monthly special report on key supervision matters of municipal government

　　The key supervision items include: the items that need to be supervised and implemented in the municipal government documents; Important meeting of the municipal government decided to focus on matters that need to be supervised and implemented; Matters that need to be supervised and implemented in the important instructions of the leaders of the municipal government.

　　First, comb regularly

　　Before the 3rd working day of each month, the relevant offices of the general office of the municipal government shall sort out the implementation of key supervision matters, and send them to the municipal government supervision room according to four categories: those that have not been completed within the extended time limit, those that are being processed within the extended time limit, those that are being processed within the specified time limit, and those that have been completed. For the matters being handled within the extended time limit, it is necessary to explain the reasons for not being settled within the prescribed time limit and put forward the extended time limit for handling; For matters that have not been settled within the extended time limit, it is necessary to explain the reasons for not being settled and clarify the responsible units that have not been settled.

　　Second, the examination and approval

　　The municipal government supervision room comprehensively summarizes the implementation of key supervision matters, and publishes the implementation of three types of matters, such as being handled within the extended time limit, being handled within the prescribed time limit, and having been completed, in the "Supervision and Feedback (Monthly Special Report on Key Supervision Matters)" (see Table 1), and submits it for approval according to procedures; The relevant information about the unfinished matters within the extended time limit will be published in the Supervision and Feedback (Supplement) (see Table 2) and submitted for approval according to the procedures.

　　Third, print and distribute

　　For the inspection and feedback (monthly special report on key inspection matters) examined and approved by the competent leaders, the municipal government inspection room shall print and send the mayor, deputy mayor, secretary general and deputy secretary general in time, and send a copy to the relevant districts, counties, departments and relevant units; On the examination and approval of the supervision and feedback (Supplement), the municipal government supervision room timely printed and sent to the relevant leading comrades of the municipal government and the relevant deputy secretary general, and copied to the relevant units.

　　Today’s circle of friends has been screened by these two women!

　　One of them is a bride who saved four lives, and the other is a female teacher who gave her life to save students. Their kindness and responsibility touched the whole circle of friends!

　　Let’s meet them:

　　At the edge of the blazing fire, a beautiful figure touched everyone. Among the seven injured, she personally rescued four people.

　　Her name is Zhou Wei, and she is called the most beautiful nurse and bride in the circle of friends by many people.

　　The disaster came suddenly.

　　The accident happened in Menyuan County of National Highway 227 on August 30th. At that time, Zhou Wei, a nurse of Red Cross Hospital in Shimen County, Changde City, Hunan Province, was on a honeymoon trip with her husband in Qinghai.

　　In the direction of Xining, a commercial vehicle full of six passengers went all the way, quickly surpassing the car rented by Zhou Wei.

　　The next minute, there was a loud noise, and the business car and a blue Porsche sports car collided violently at the corner! At the scene of the car accident, the danger was endless, the glass was broken, the gasoline leaked, and there was a tearing cry for help in the collided car.

　　One man saved four lives.

　　When the disaster happened, Zhou Wei’s car was only 20 meters away from the scene of the accident! The driver braked suddenly and quickly backed the car to a safe position. Everyone quickly got off the bus, risked their lives and rushed to the scene to carry out rescue.

　　After a moment of fright, Zhou Wei, a nurse, immediately joined the rescue team. At the risk of vehicle explosion, she and several strangers "robbed" people from the burning vehicle! Strangers from all over the world, Qi Xin worked together to snatch the passengers from the two cars one by one.

　　Blood stained the scene of the accident. Some people broke their legs, some broke their heads, and many injured people were in danger and struggling on the verge of death. Of all the people at the scene, only Zhou Wei is a professional medical staff. She rescued the wounded in an emergency, disinfected them one by one and simply bandaged them. Her clothes were covered with the blood of the wounded … …

　　According to media reports, this accident caused 1 death and 7 injuries, among which 4 people were rescued from danger by Zhou Wei himself.

　　While saving people.

　　Two cars exploded violently

　　Just 20 minutes after the emergency rescue of Zhou Wei and tourists, an ambulance carrying transferred patients passed by. Seeing the tragic accident, the medical staff in the car immediately stopped and got off to join the rescue team.

　　At this moment, two accident vehicles more than 20 meters away once again exploded like giant thunder, and glass, iron sheets and parts flew more than 10 meters away.

　　Half an hour later, local rescue vehicles, fire engines and police vehicles arrived at the scene one after another. When the ambulance sent the wounded away, Zhou Wei returned to his car, his hands shaking uncontrollably … … After that, she and her husband quietly left.

　　In the face of his wife’s righteous act of saving people, the husband on the side was very moved. He sent his wife’s process of saving people to a circle of friends and was praised by everyone.

　　Is the most beautiful angel.

　　In the face of the explosion that may happen at any time, kindness is like you, and you never forget the mission of saving lives and rescuing the wounded, which not only helped seven injured people, but also warmed the hearts of people in Qinghai and Hunan.

　　More beautiful than the scenery of the trip, it is a warm and kind heart.

　　Another one:

　　On September 4th, the second day of school, at 11: 50, Ding Yantao, a fifth-grade Chinese teacher of the Fifth Primary School in Shuanghe Town, Togtoh County, Hohhot, came out of school and went to the pedestrian walkway opposite the school, ready to have lunch. At this moment, an out-of-control car suddenly drove on the curb and slammed into pedestrians … …

　　In an instant, Mr. Ding struggled to push the two students around him away, but he was run over by a car and dragged for several meters.

　　The two children were saved, but Mr. Ding died on the way to the hospital because of serious injuries.

　　These days, the school actively searched for the witnesses of the car accident, and finally found a second-year student who suffered from skin injury in the car accident. His face and hands were bruised.

　　According to the student, at the moment when the car hit, he really felt pushed. Because of the sudden incident, he didn’t know who pushed him out and let him avoid the car. There are also five fourth-grade students who said that they witnessed the moment when Teacher Ding gave herself up to save others: she pushed away two students around her, but she was knocked to the ground … …

　　On September 11th, Xing Chunyuan, teacher Ding’s lover, told the reporter that her daughter’s first birthday is still three days away. Her wife usually works alone in Tuoxian County, and she and her children are in Hohhot. Her wife can only go home every weekend. Before the start of school, she agreed not to go home when she was busy in the first week of school. I didn’t expect this agreement to be realized forever.

　　The reporter contacted Feng Jun, the vice principal of the Fifth Primary School in Shuanghe Town, Tuoketuo County. He told the reporter that the departure of Teacher Ding made the teachers and students of the school very sad. Teacher Ding is 28 years old, full of vigor and vitality. She has worked in the school for four years and has always been dedicated to her post. She is recognized as a good teacher. According to Feng Jun, the vice president, Mr Ding graduated from baotou teachers college and used to be a special post teacher. He passed the exam last September and became a regular teacher.

　　At present, the school is actively cooperating with family members to declare industrial injury insurance and other aftermath work. The driver involved in the traffic accident has been criminally compulsory and the case is under further investigation.

　　This incident triggered a heated discussion among netizens, and everyone paid tribute to Teacher Ding ↓ ↓ ↓

　　But as the following netizen said, "saving people" is the teacher’s instinct, which is the kindness and responsibility carved into the bones.

On January 18th, the Information Office of Sichuan Provincial Government held a press conference on "Happy Sichuan Year-Traveling through Sichuan with Ease". It was learned from the meeting that the situation in Spring Festival travel rush in Sichuan in 2023 is complicated and the task is arduous. Mainly during and after the Spring Festival, especially before and after the Lunar New Year’s Day and Lantern Festival, there will be peaks of passenger flow such as "returning to work", "working flow" and "student flow" respectively. It is predicted that the total number of passengers in Spring Festival travel rush will reach 92.39 million this year, up by 36% compared with last year. Among them, roads, railways, civil aviation and waterways account for 70.35%, 20.56%, 7.35% and 1.74% of the total passenger flow respectively.

How will Sichuan do a good job in various transportation guarantees during Spring Festival travel rush?

It is related to all aspects of everyone’s travel-

Can I find a rechargeable parking space when I drive a new energy vehicle back to my hometown for the New Year?

Is there a traffic jam in Xichang, Leshan, Ya ‘an, Kangding and other popular tourist spots?

Can I return the ticket free of charge due to railway responsibility or force majeure?

……

These questions will be answered by this press conference.

↓↓↓

Can I find a rechargeable parking space when I drive a new energy vehicle back to my hometown for the New Year?

At the press conference, Ning Jian introduced that in order to facilitate Spring Festival travel rush, about 700 new charging parking spaces were added in the expressway service area to ensure the travel of new energy vehicles.

Sun Zhen, chief engineer of the Provincial Transportation Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Corps (Expressway Administration Bureau of the Transportation Department), said that with the rapid growth of new energy vehicles, by the end of 2022, there were 123 pairs of charging piles in service areas in the province, covering 20 cities (states) in the province, and a charging network for intercity travel has basically been formed.

"In order to ensure the travel of new energy vehicles during Spring Festival travel rush, we will strengthen the maintenance of charging piles and persuade non-new energy vehicles occupying charging parking spaces in time. When there is an overload queue charging, we will inform the nearest charging point through the display screen and guide board, and provide emergency power service. " Sun Zhen said.

Is there a traffic jam in Xichang, Leshan, Ya ‘an, Kangding and other popular tourist spots?

"The demand for visiting relatives and friends and traveling abroad during the Spring Festival will become the peak of travel." At the press conference, Ning Jian said that Sichuan will meet the needs of visiting relatives and going to the market in rural areas by encrypting the frequency of classes, extending operating hours and strengthening the response to appointments. At the same time, by strengthening the monitoring of trunk road network and urban road operation, especially for popular tourist directions such as Xichang, Leshan, Ya ‘an and Kangding, timely release information on road conditions and congested slow-moving sections, guide self-driving personnel to reasonably choose travel routes, times and destinations, avoid peak trips, and do a good job in refueling, charging, dining and toilet services in service areas.

Can I return the ticket free of charge due to railway responsibility or force majeure?

At the press conference, Yao Qian, Vice Minister of Passenger Transport Department of China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group Co., Ltd., introduced that during Spring Festival travel rush, the weather conditions in the departure and arrival areas were provided to passengers in time through 12306APP. At the same time, passengers could return their tickets for free due to railway responsibility or force majeure.

Yao Qian also reminded that the railway cancels the restriction that students can only buy discount tickets during the winter and summer vacations. Student travelers can buy no more than four student discount tickets at any time in a school year, and do not record the number of discount tickets repeatedly.

In addition, according to the newly issued railway passenger transport regulations, children’s discount tickets are implemented according to their age. Each adult passenger can bring a free child from 0 to 6 years old (inclusive); Children aged 6 (excluding) to 14 can purchase discount tickets for children.

Is there a bus to get to the airport late at night?

"The peak of civil aviation transportation is expected to appear in these three weeks, and the average daily passenger throughput of airports in the province will exceed 200,000 passengers." At the press conference, Cui Tangmin, director of the Transportation Department of Sichuan Civil Aviation Supervision Bureau, said that Tianfu Airport will cooperate with Chengdu Transportation Bureau to open two new night airport bus lines to facilitate citizens to travel at night.

In addition, Cui Tangmin introduced that in order to cope with the surge in passenger flow, routes were encrypted at popular airports such as Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport, Chengdu Tianfu International Airport, Luzhou, Yibin and Mianyang. At the same time, all civil aviation units in Sichuan actively promote the resumption of international/regional passenger routes, encrypt the flight schedules according to passenger demand, and meet the travel needs of the people to the greatest extent.

Is it convenient to take a bus back home for the New Year?

At the press conference, Wei Ping, a first-class researcher of the Road Transportation Administration Bureau of the Department of Transportation, introduced that all qualified buses were put into Spring Festival travel rush through testing, with a total capacity of 308,000 conventional buses and 7,000 emergency buses, which can basically meet the travel needs of the masses. "If it is not enough, we have also established an inter-provincial and inter-city transportation support mechanism. The temporary transportation capacity of cities and counties is short, and the transportation capacity can be seconded according to the norms to fully protect the travel needs of the people."

Wei Ping introduced that in order to serve migrant workers returning home and returning to work, Sichuan invested 406 long passenger vehicles; Serving rural areas to visit relatives and friends and investing 27,000 rural passenger vehicles; Serve the scenic spots and invest 7000 chartered cars; The service hub station will transfer and transfer, with a total of 274,000 buses, taxis and network cars, and 13 urban rail transit; Personalized high-end travel was provided, and 3,999 customized passenger vehicles were invested.

He reminded that Sichuan will make full use of the active safety intelligent prevention and control system and satellite positioning monitoring system to monitor the whole process of passenger cars, strictly manage the score of "people, cars and households", and take rigid measures such as stopping vehicles and stopping drivers to prevent dangerous behaviors such as speeding, overloading and fatigue driving.

What should I do if there is a traffic accident on a rural road?

"We are all on duty, strictly implement the 24-hour duty standby system, and increase the intensity of road command and guidance." At the press conference, Yang Jun, director of the Propaganda Department of the Traffic Police Corps of the Public Security Department, introduced that the police force is very nervous to protect the urban areas and national and provincial trunk roads during the Spring Festival. In addition to the police, the township police stations should also take the road to direct and guide.

"Most rural roads are narrow and prone to simple traffic accidents. After the accident, the traffic police on duty nearby will go to the scene in time. For those who can’t arrive at the scene in time in a short time, they will instruct both parties to take photos first and then move the car quickly. It will not affect the passage and avoid causing traffic congestion." Yang Jun said that for some rural roads that are too narrow and have difficulties in passing traffic, a single cycle will be implemented, and rural "two stations and two people" will be organized to strengthen persuasion and duty.

Will there be a courier outage in Sichuan?

Tang Jun, deputy director of the Market Supervision Department of the Provincial Postal Administration, answered at the press conference that during the Spring Festival, factories and enterprises were on holiday, and a large number of people returned home for the New Year or traveled abroad, and the demand for express delivery services by the society and the masses generally decreased. According to the data of the past two years, the average daily business volume of the whole province during the Spring Festival holiday is about 10%-20% of the normal state.

"We believe that at present, it is in the critical period of epidemic prevention and control optimization, and the people’s demand for delivery of medical materials, epidemic prevention materials and people’s livelihood materials is still very urgent." Tang Jun said that Sichuan will guide and urge postal enterprises to provide universal postal services continuously and stably; Guide and urge major brand express delivery enterprises to reasonably promise service items according to the actual delivery needs in different regions, announce service arrangements during the Spring Festival in advance, coordinate the capacity of the whole network, and arrange the necessary number of business outlets and operators to ensure the effective operation of the brand service network.

The Spring Festival is approaching, and the flavor of the year is already strong.

Whether you go home for the Spring Festival or go out for fun.

Be sure to pay attention to travel safety.

Have a happy and safe year!

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The exterior design of Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV adopts family-style design language, and the front part adopts a closed air intake grille, which is integrated with LED headlights on both sides to create a sense of technology and futurity. The overall style tends to be luxurious and sporty, with smooth body lines and chrome trim strips, which shows the noble temperament of the car.

Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV has a body size of 4880 * 2032 * 1679mm, a wheelbase of 3030mm, and front and rear wheel tracks of 1649mm and 1662mm respectively. Its body lines are smooth and elegant, showing a modern design style. The vehicle is equipped with a tyre size of 235/55 R19, which, with the dynamic rim style, makes the appearance of the whole vehicle more fashionable and dynamic.

The interior style of Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV is simple and elegant, with high-quality materials and exquisite craftsmanship. The leather steering wheel is not only comfortable to the touch, but also has the function of electric up and down and front and rear adjustment, providing the best driving experience for drivers. The central control screen size reaches 12.8 inches, which supports voice recognition control of multimedia system, navigation, telephone, air conditioner and skylight, which is convenient and practical. The seat is made of imitation leather, and the main and auxiliary seats all support front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, height adjustment, leg rest adjustment and waist support, providing a high degree of comfort. The front seats are also equipped with heating and ventilation functions, further enhancing the riding experience. In addition, the car is also equipped with electric seat memory function, so that drivers and passengers can easily save and recall their favorite seat settings. USB and Type-C interfaces are provided in the front row and the rear row respectively, which is convenient for passengers to charge. At the same time, the front seats also have the function of wireless charging of mobile phones.

Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV is equipped with an engine with a maximum power of 300kW and a maximum torque of 858N·m, which provides the vehicle with strong power output and excellent driving performance.

Car home car owners believe that the power performance of Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV is OK, but the low-profile models lack the function of rear wheel steering, which makes the car body slightly less flexible. At the same time, he pointed out that there is still a gap in the handling of Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV compared with the BMW 3 Series he had previously driven. In addition, he also mentioned that when passing through the pit, the car body had obvious redundant shaking, and the suspension system appeared to be soft.

　　The Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out: "Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a profound change to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity." This assertion reveals the important role of deepening the reform of the party and state institutions in promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and also reveals the correct direction that must be grasped in deepening the reform of the party and state institutions. Promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is a complex systematic project. We must focus on the new era, effectively govern the country and society, improve the socialist market economic system, implement the people-centered development thinking, and uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the party. All these are closely related to the establishment of party and state institutions, the allocation of functions and the ability to perform their duties, and all need to be answered by deepening the reform of party and state institutions.

　　First, to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must adapt to the new era and effectively govern the country and society, which inevitably requires deepening the reform of the party and state institutions.

　　The national governance system and governance capacity are the concentrated expression of a country’s system and its implementation capacity. To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is to make all aspects of the system more scientific and perfect, to realize the institutionalization, standardization and proceduralization of the governance of the party, the state and society, to be good at using systems and laws to govern the country, and to improve the party’s scientific, democratic and legal governance. The functional system of the party and state institutions is an important part of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and an important guarantee for our party to govern the country. To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, improve the functional system of the party and state institutions, ensure the effective governance of the country and society, and realize the prosperity and long-term stability of the party and the country.

　　The CPC Central Committee has always attached great importance to the construction and reform of the party and state institutions. After the founding of New China, we gradually established a functional system of the Party and state institutions with Chinese characteristics, which played an important role in governing the country and promoting socialist construction. Since the reform and opening up, to meet the needs of the shift of the work center of the party and the state, our party has actively promoted the reform of the party and state institutions, and the functions of various institutions have been continuously optimized and gradually standardized, which has promoted the reform, opening up and socialist modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has adhered to and strengthened the overall leadership of the Party, firmly grasped the key of maintaining the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralizing and unifying leadership, deepened the reform of the Party and state institutions, and made significant progress in some important fields and key links, which provided a strong guarantee for the historic achievements and changes in the cause of the Party and the state.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. Our party, our country and our society have undergone and will continue to undergo profound changes. The task of governing the country is even more arduous, which puts forward new requirements for the establishment and functional allocation of the party and state institutions. We are not only required to base ourselves on the current situation and provide guarantee for winning a well-off society in an all-round way from the functions of the party and state institutions, but also to look to the future and pay attention to solving the long-term institutional problems. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China profoundly grasped the historic changes in the cause of the Party and the state and its new requirements for the organizational structure and management system, and clearly proposed to deepen the reform of the institutional and administrative systems, make overall consideration of various institutional settings, scientifically allocate the powers of the party and government departments and internal institutions, and clarify their responsibilities.

　　Facing the new requirements of the new era and new tasks, there are still many problems in the establishment of the party and state institutions, the allocation of functions and the ability to perform their duties compared with the requirements of effectively governing the country and society. For example, in some areas, the problems of overlapping party and government organs, overlapping responsibilities and disjointed powers and responsibilities are more prominent; Some government institutions are not scientifically set up and their responsibilities are divided, and the problems of lack of responsibilities and low efficiency are prominent, and the transformation of government functions is still not in place; In some areas, the functions of central and local institutions are generally rough, and the division of powers and responsibilities is not reasonable; The establishment of grass-roots institutions and the allocation of power need to be improved, and the ability to organize and serve the masses needs to be further improved. These problems need to be solved fundamentally by deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, adjusting and perfecting the systems and institutions.

　　Based on the analysis and judgment of the situation, tasks and practical problems, the Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed that we should take the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity as the guide, make overall plans to set up party and government institutions, optimize the setup and functional allocation of government institutions, make overall plans for the reform of party, government and military organizations, and rationally set up local institutions, so as to make the setup of party and state institutions more scientific, optimize their functions, coordinate their powers and responsibilities, and make supervision more powerful and efficient. Only by conscientiously implementing the reform ideas put forward in the Decision can we accelerate the formation of a systematic, scientific and standardized functional system of the Party and state institutions, smoothly modernize the national governance system and governance capacity, achieve the goal of effectively governing the country and society, and better meet the development requirements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　Second, to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must improve the socialist market economic system, which inevitably requires deepening the reform of the party and state institutions.

　　The economic base determines the superstructure, and the superstructure reacts on the economic base. The superstructure must adapt to the situation of the economic base, which is the basic law of social development. At the second plenary session of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "It is necessary to make all aspects of system reform advance in the direction of establishing a sound socialist market economic system, and at the same time make all aspects of their own related links better adapt to the new requirements put forward by the development of socialist market economy." To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must follow this requirement and do it according to this requirement.

　　To improve the socialist market economic system, the core is to properly handle the relationship between the government and the market, so that the "invisible hand" of the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and the role of the "visible hand" of the government can be better played. To achieve this goal, the key is to transform government functions, which is an important task to deepen the reform of the party and state institutions. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, we have focused on establishing a socialist market economic system, promoted economic system and other aspects of institutional reform, and successfully realized the historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economic system to a dynamic socialist market economic system, and realized the historic transformation from an institutional functional system under the planned economy to an institutional functional system under the socialist market economy. In this process, we continued to promote the transformation of government functions, and did a lot of work in improving macro-control, reducing micro-intervention, and strengthening market supervision, effectively coordinating economic and social development and strengthening social management and public services.

　　At present, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and China’s economic development has also entered a new era. China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. To promote high-quality development, we must take supply-side structural reform as the main line, accelerate the transformation of development mode, optimize economic structure, and transform growth momentum, and strive to build an economic system with effective market mechanism, dynamic micro-subjects, and moderate macro-control, so as to better promote quality change, efficiency change and power change of economic development. Compared with this requirement, the institutional obstacles to China’s economic development have not been completely eliminated, especially the transformation of government functions is not yet in place, the role of the market and society is not fully played, some things that should be managed are not well managed or in place, some rights that should be released are not decentralized or put in place, too much intervention is made in microeconomic affairs, the functions of social management and public services are weak, and some functions are misplaced, offside and absent. The existence of these problems, to a certain extent, restricts the perfection of the socialist market economic system and inhibits the vitality of economic and social development. At the same time, it is also prone to corruption such as abusing power for personal gain and trading power and money, which damages the relationship between the party and the masses and the prestige of the government. This requires deepening the institutional reform of the Party and the state, scientifically setting up institutions, rationally allocating functions, making overall use of staffing, and improving institutional mechanisms around making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and giving full play to the role of the government, further rationalizing the relationship between the government and the market, the government and society, fully and correctly performing government functions, and promoting higher quality, more efficient, fairer and more sustainable development.

　　The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee put forward that we should resolutely get rid of the shortcomings of the system and mechanism that restrict the market from playing a decisive role in resource allocation and giving full play to the role of the government, focus on promoting high-quality development, building a modern economic system, strengthening and improving the government’s functions of economic regulation, market supervision, social management, public services and ecological environment protection, adjusting and optimizing the functions of government institutions, comprehensively improving government efficiency and building a service-oriented government that people are satisfied with. At the same time, the "Decision" also points out the specific path and direction of reform in seven aspects: rationally allocating the functions of macro-management departments, further promoting decentralization, improving market supervision and law enforcement system, reforming natural resources and ecological environment management system, improving public service management system, strengthening supervision after the event, and improving administrative efficiency. These requirements and arrangements should be fully implemented in deepening the reform of the party and state institutions.

　　Third, to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must implement the people-centered development thinking, which inevitably requires deepening the reform of the party and state institutions.

　　The people are the source of strength of our party, and the people’s position is the fundamental political position of our party. The fundamental purpose of our party to lead the people to build a well-off society in an all-round way, carry out reform, opening up and socialist modernization is to continuously improve people’s material and cultural living standards and promote people’s all-round development by developing social productive forces. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the second plenary session of the First Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee: "It is the initial intention of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to seek happiness for the people. We must always remember this initial heart and always take the people’s yearning for a better life as our goal. " To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must always adhere to the people-centered principle and take the promotion of people’s well-being and all-round development as the starting point and the end result. Adhering to the people-centered principle cannot stay at the conceptual level, but should be implemented in the practice of economic and social development. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the system construction, deepen the reform of the party and state institutions, improve the system of people being the masters of the country, and provide more effective forms and stronger guarantees for the people to manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs according to law.

　　Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, we have actively built a learning-oriented political party and a service-oriented government, actively promoted office informationization and openness of party affairs and government affairs, and actively built a power operation and supervision system. Through innovative institutional arrangements, we will improve the ability and level of the party and state institutions to perform their duties, create a fairer and more just social environment, ensure people’s equal participation and equal development rights, and realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At the same time, we should also be soberly aware that the government’s social management and public service functions are still relatively weak, the institutional obstacles for the government to fully and correctly perform its functions still exist to a certain extent, and the basic livelihood issues related to the vital interests of the people are still outstanding.

　　With Socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. In the new stage of development, people’s needs for a better life are increasingly extensive, which not only puts forward higher requirements for material and cultural life, but also increases requirements for democracy, rule of law, fairness, justice, security and environment. A fundamental measure is to deepen the reform of the party and state institutions in order to adapt to the major social contradictions and changes, concentrate all efforts to solve the problem of insufficient development imbalance, and implement the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly in all activities of governing the country.

　　The Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, in combination with the new conditions and characteristics of the times, regards people-centered as an important principle for deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions, and requires upholding the people’s dominant position, persisting in building the Party for the public and governing for the people, implementing the Party’s mass line, improving the system of people being masters of their own affairs, and improving the system and mechanism of making profits for the people, doing things for the people, relieving their worries, safeguarding their rights and interests, listening to their voices and accepting their supervision. At the same time, the "Decision" also highlights the people-centered development thought in six aspects: improving the public service management system, deepening the reform of people’s congresses, CPPCC and judicial institutions, deepening the reform of mass organizations, promoting the reform of social organizations, accelerating the reform of public institutions, and building a simple and efficient grass-roots management system. Conscientiously implementing these requirements and arrangements, the work efficiency and service level of the party and state institutions will be improved, the functions of social management and public service will be optimized and strengthened, and the strength and resources for serving the people’s livelihood will be strengthened, so as to better meet the people’s growing needs in economy, politics, culture, society and ecology, and better promote people’s all-round development, social progress and common prosperity.

　　Fourth, to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, we must uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the party, which inevitably requires deepening the reform of the party and state institutions.

　　Party, government, military and civilian studies, east, west, north and south, the party is the leader of everything. The most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the Party is the highest political leadership, which is at the core of leadership in China’s national governance system. Without the leadership of the Party, it is impossible for China to achieve all its modernization goals. The modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is the modernization under the leadership of our party, not the modernization under the leadership of other political forces. The promotion and realization of this modernization can not only shake the party’s leadership, but also help to uphold and strengthen the party’s overall leadership. To uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, we must deepen the reform of the Party and state institutions, improve the institutional arrangements to ensure the Party’s overall leadership, strive to solve the institutional mechanism problem of the Party’s leadership over all work from the institutional function, solve the institutional functional relationship problem of the party, government and military groups in the state governance system under the condition of the Party’s long-term governance, implement the Party’s leadership in all aspects of the performance of duties by the Party and state organs, and ensure the Party’s long-term governance and long-term stability of the country from the institutional perspective.

　　At present, the party’s leadership and the promotion of the "Four Greatness" are generally coordinated. Upholding, supporting, obeying, maintaining and defending the party’s leadership is the general consensus and conscious action of the whole party, the whole army and the people of all nationalities in the country, and all aspects of institutional mechanisms have generally provided strong support for the realization of party leadership. At the same time, it should be noted that due to the one-sided understanding and implementation of the separation of party and government for a period of time, the weakening of party leadership still exists in some fields to varying degrees, and the party’s institutional setup and functional allocation are not sound enough. The system and mechanism for ensuring the party’s overall leadership and promoting the comprehensive and strict management of the party need to be improved. To solve these problems, we must unswervingly implement the party’s basic theory, basic line and general plan, unswervingly and comprehensively administer the party strictly, improve the party’s creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness, fight against all kinds of words and deeds that negate, weaken and dilute the party’s leadership, and deepen the reform of the party and state institutions to improve the party’s leadership system and mechanism.

　　The Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out: "The overall leadership of the party is the fundamental guarantee for deepening the reform of the party and state institutions." The "Decision" also emphasizes: "Strengthen the party’s leadership over all work throughout all aspects and the whole process of reform, improve the institutional arrangements to ensure the party’s overall leadership, improve the party’s leadership style and ruling style, and enhance the party’s ability and determination to take the direction, seek the overall situation, formulate policies, and promote reform." At the same time, the "Decision" makes specific arrangements for improving the system of adhering to the party’s overall leadership from five aspects: establishing and perfecting the party’s leadership system and mechanism for major work, strengthening the leading position of party organizations in organizations at the same level, giving full play to the role of the party’s functional departments, making overall plans for setting up party and government institutions, and promoting the reform of the party’s discipline inspection system and the state supervision system. We must conscientiously implement these requirements and arrangements, optimize the party’s organizational structure, ensure the full coverage of the party’s leadership, and ensure that the party’s leadership is stronger.

　　It should be pointed out that to uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party, the first thing is to resolutely safeguard the core position of the Party Central Committee, the Supreme Leader General Secretary, and the core position of the whole Party, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership. To deepen the reform of the Party and state institutions, we must adhere to the direction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, enhance our political awareness, overall awareness, core awareness and conformity awareness, and consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core in ideological and political actions, which must be conducive to the scientific formation, correct implementation and full implementation of the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee. Around this major issue, we should find the right direction and focus in deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, and there should be no ambiguity and hesitation in strengthening, adjusting, perfecting and improving. (Ding Xuexiang)