[Global Network Culture Channel reporter Dai Yu] Intangible cultural heritage (referred to as "intangible heritage") is an important part of excellent traditional culture, which embodies the wisdom and creation of people of all ethnic groups and provides the broad masses with a continuous sense of identity, pride and gain. It is a valuable cultural wealth of people of all ethnic groups.

Since Kunqu Opera was selected as UNESCO’s "Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" in 2001, in just over 20 years, China has not only won the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List with 42 intangible heritages, but also created a model of intangible cultural heritage protection with China characteristics and embarked on a road of intangible cultural heritage protection with China characteristics, providing China experience and China’s plan for regional and international intangible cultural heritage protection. These vivid practices have highlighted the image of China as a country with intangible resources and reflected the responsibility of a big country.

Recently, during the 7th China Intangible Cultural Heritage Expo, Ma Shengde, former deputy director of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Department of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and a first-class inspector, was interviewed by a reporter from the Culture Channel of the World Wide Web to talk about the "past lives" of intangible cultural heritage protection and share his thoughts on the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.

"Intangible heritage is an important resource for sustainable development. The most precious thing is the embodiment of cultural creativity. "Ma Shengde said that our ancestors transformed their imagination of distant beauty into thinking and exploration, and finally formed a rich and colorful intangible cultural heritage, which brought us the knowability of China culture, which was a great incentive for people’s creation today.

He emphasized that intangible heritage should enter modern life, which is not only an important concept of intangible heritage protection, but also conforms to the basic laws and characteristics of intangible heritage’s own development. Today, rural revitalization has given intangible heritage protection a new starting point, which requires people to further realize that the core of intangible heritage protection is the inheritor; We should attach importance to and spread the outstanding Chinese traditional culture and spiritual value carried by intangible cultural heritage. In the active protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, we need to grasp the scale of "intervention", follow the concept of holistic protection, build a sustainable intangible cultural heritage protection ecosystem, and contribute China’s strength and China’s wisdom to promote the harmony, friendship and cultural sharing of human society.

People-oriented is live transmission’s legacy.

"China’s non-legacy protection for the past 20 years is not too long, but many of our ideas are ahead." Ma Shengde told the World Wide Web cultural reporter that compared with the developed countries that started intangible cultural heritage protection as early as the middle of last century, the systematic intangible cultural heritage protection work in China was gradually carried out under the framework of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2003. The Convention on Intangible Heritage emphasizes the important concepts of "inheritance from generation to generation", "liveliness" and "re-creation", but there is no concept of "inheritor". In practice, China initiated the identification of representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage projects on the basis of drawing lessons from international intangible cultural heritage protection experience, which is the development of UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention and an important exploration and vivid practice of intangible cultural heritage protection with China characteristics.

Why should we identify "representative inheritors"? First of all, we need to correctly understand what intangible cultural heritage is-nonmaterialExperts have verified this concept, and its original meaning in French and English is: untouchable. That is to say, things can be touched, and immaterial things cannot be touched; Japan and South Korea call immateriality "intangible cultural wealth", as opposed to material heritage. Material is tangible, the Great Wall and the Forbidden City are tangible, but immaterial is intangible. Such as: our twenty-four solar terms, the superb skills of the inheritors, and the "looking, smelling, asking and feeling" of the master of Chinese medicine. The existing way of this skill is the accumulation of various social practical experiences of individuals, groups and nations in the long historical process, and this accumulated experience is finally transformed into a knowledge system of human beings and exists as a cultural memory and way of thinking. Therefore, "experience, knowledge and skills" are the core elements of non-genetic inheritance, Ma Shengde emphasized.

Intangible heritage skills need to be passed down from generation to generation, which is the characteristic of intangible heritage and the unique charm of intangible heritage. The reason why the Intangible Heritage Convention emphasizes heritage is thatFrom generation to generation, first of all,This is because the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage is based on people. People can’t live for thousands of years, but things can last for thousands of years. For example, Notre Dame de Paris in France has experienced more than 800 years, and Yingxian Wooden Pagoda in Shanxi Province in China has lasted for 1000 years, which is the characteristic of material heritage. The inheritance of non-legacy depends on the inheritance of living people from generation to generation, and the intergenerational inheritance can not be interrupted and its vitality can be continued. This is the characteristic of non-legacy. So it is called "live transmission". UNESCO changed the original management department of intangible heritage from "intangible heritage office" to "living heritage office", which strengthened the living characteristics of intangible heritage.

Secondly,The concept of "passing on from generation to generation" conforms to the inheritance characteristics of intangible heritage, such as the inheritance of intangible heritage, family inheritance and other modes, and the inheritance pedigree between each generation is very clear. This way has become a common phenomenon in human social practice, a consensus law that has been influenced by others, and a very familiar local knowledge system. For example, many ethnic groups in China have a tradition of genealogy, and the inheritance of the family is clearly recorded in the genealogy, which is very rigorous and scientific. Genealogy is a sacred thing of a family, which should be handed down from generation to generation and protected.

Again,People are the main carrier of inheritance, and its skills are difficult to be recorded by means of written classics. In addition, many of our ethnic groups have languages but no words, and the inheritance of the heritage mainly depends on oral instruction, word of mouth, and words and deeds. There is a classification of intangible heritage in the Convention on Intangible Heritage called "oral tradition and expression", which pays attention to the existence and importance of oral traditional expression in the inheritance of human cultural heritage. The most typical case is the three epics of King Gelsall, Manas and Jianger in China, which have been in the form of oral tradition since live transmission. There are many heritages, such as traditional opera, traditional dance, traditional music and other performing arts. It takes a long time to pass on the skills between master and apprentice. There are also some things that can only be understood, such as artistic charm, style, vivid and superb artistic expression, which have a strong personalized color. The learning and grasping of these elements depends on the individual’s understanding, talent, artistic feeling and the teacher’s constant inspiration. The inheritance of such cultural heritage cannot be completed by means of written classics. Therefore, these characteristics determine that the way of inheritance of intangible cultural heritage pays more attention to the way of "handed down from generation to generation and live transmission" between people. The key core here is the role of "people".

Up to now, there are 3,062 national intangible heritage inheritors, of which more than 400 have passed away. Ma Shengde said that the greatest significance of identifying the representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage lies in: "We realize that the core of intangible cultural heritage protection is’ people’, especially the inheritors who have mastered superb skills. In the protection of intangible heritage in the past 20 years, we have realized the protection of intangible heritage. Without people, we can’t talk about the inheritance and protection of living conditions. This is an important feature of the practice of protecting China. "

The institutional advantage of concentrating on doing great things

Late start and "rich family background" are the characteristics and difficulties of intangible cultural heritage protection in China. Ma Shengde said that the institutional advantage of concentrating on major events is the key to the outstanding achievements of intangible cultural heritage protection in China. "In the past 20 years, cultural institutions at all levels in China have set up special departments for the protection of intangible cultural heritage", especially a four-level protection list with countries, provinces, cities and counties as units. "Declare from bottom to top, and finally select the project that is the most representative and influential of China’s outstanding traditional culture from the national intangible cultural heritage projects and declare it to the United Nations." Ma Shengde said that this is also the intangible protection mode practiced in China.

Ma Shengde pointed out that the Party and the government attached great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, and invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources, so that the protection of intangible cultural heritage in China can achieve today’s achievements. Since 2005, we have spent five years conducting a nationwide survey of intangible cultural heritage, systematically registering and cataloguing intangible cultural heritage resources, and basically finding out the intangible cultural heritage "property" scattered among the people, with nearly 870,000 intangible cultural heritage projects. On June 1st, 2011, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Intangible Cultural Heritage Law was officially promulgated and implemented, which marked that China’s intangible cultural heritage began to enter the track of legal protection and pushed the intangible cultural heritage protection into a new era of vigorous development. In the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, in the state-led intangible cultural heritage protection planning and deployment, we will further strengthen the systematic protection of intangible cultural heritage, improve the inheritance system of intangible cultural heritage protection, improve the inheritance level of intangible cultural heritage protection, increase the intensity of non-genetic broadcasting, and promote the cause of intangible cultural heritage protection to make greater progress.

Non-legacy protection and inheritance of Chinese cultural genes

In June this year, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and other ten departments issued the Notice on Promoting the High-quality Inheritance and Development of Traditional Crafts, further strengthening the rescue records of traditional crafts and encouraging the inheritance practice, and helping traditional crafts to play a greater role in the people’s better life. Ma Shengde recalled that in March 2016, the first traditional craft workstation in China was established in Hami, Xinjiang.

The local Uyghur embroidery in Hami is deeply influenced by the Central Plains culture. On the basis of accepting Suzhou embroidery and Beijing embroidery in the Central Plains and integrating with the local ethnic customs and aesthetic tastes, it has created "Hami Uyghur embroidery" with distinctive ethnic characteristics and rich regional customs, which is unique in Xinjiang’s national embroidery art. However, with the impact of modern lifestyle, Hami Uygur embroidery was once weak.

After the establishment of Hami traditional craft workstation, teachers and students from Tsinghua University Academy of Fine Arts collected and recorded the traditional patterns of Hami embroidery in a rescue way. A group of fashion designers have designed and developed new products such as earphones, wallets and furniture products based on the traditional patterns and raw materials of Hami embroidery, and even applied Hami embroidery to haute couture fashion, making it shine on the international runway. While accepting orders, Uyghur embroidered mothers re-inspired their enthusiasm and vitality for traditional embroidery art.

Ma Shengde said that this government-led working mode of establishing a platform conducive to the protection, inheritance and market development of intangible cultural heritage not only allows more embroidered mothers to actively participate, but also establishes an industrial product chain with the help of external forces, so that the skills can be protected and passed down in production, so that intangible cultural heritage can move towards today’s social life and attract more younger generations.

"The core pattern of Hami embroidery is peony. Peony flower is a traditional auspicious pattern from the Central Plains, and it is the cultural gene of this heritage. " Ma Shengde told the World Wide Web cultural reporter that Hami embroidery is the most powerful witness of the cultural exchange between Uygur and Central Plains in Hami, Xinjiang in the history of China. The cultural genes and symbols inherited in Hami embroidery not only have its visible cultural elements, but also tell the historical story of national friendship and cultural integration invisibly-this is the core spiritual value of our non-genetic inheritance.　

Beware of misunderstandings and establish a correct concept of intangible cultural heritage protection

In recent two years, Ma Shengde has been busy writing new books. He condensed the vivid cases and personal experiences of intangible cultural heritage protection that he has devoted himself to for many years, and traveled all over the country and many countries and regions in the world into this manuscript in the form of pictures and texts, in order to popularize and spread the correct concept of intangible cultural heritage protection to the public.

Ma Shengde emphasized that intangible cultural heritage belongs to a living culture, and the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage should be the inheritance of people-oriented skills and cultural spirit, not material inheritance. "The behavior of paying too much attention to the economic value and market benefit of the heritage has led to the deviation in the direction of intangible protection in some places." In the investigation, Ma Shengde found that in the declaration of the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects, all the projects with no market value and economic value were removed in some places, and all the folk literature projects were not declared in some areas. Even these heritage projects have high social awareness, but they are neglected because they cannot produce direct economic benefits. These practices seriously deviate from the correct direction of intangible cultural heritage protection. This is a phenomenon that Ma Shengde noticed when he visited various places in recent two years, which caused him to be uneasy as a researcher.

He said that there are ten categories of intangible cultural heritage in China, among which traditional skills, traditional fine arts and traditional medicine processing skills with commodity attributes can be applied to "productive protection". For example, tea-making, wine-making, brewing and catering projects, as well as spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery, etc. These projects have commodity attributes and market attributes, and can enter the market as commodities, so the concept of productive protection is in line with the characteristics of this kind of heritage. At the same time, some projects in other categories do not have the ability to directly generate income. If we only pay attention to the heritages with economic value and neglect other heritages that cannot generate economic value and market benefits, it will inevitably lead to the imbalance between the whole non-legacy projects, which will cause different feelings for the non-genetic inheritors, and also lead to the deviation in orientation at the overall level of society, and the non-legacy protection will enter a misunderstanding. In fact, this is a retrogressive phenomenon in the concept of intangible protection. Ma Shengde reminded that once it deviates from its own development law and original intention of protection, it will destroy the ecosystem of intangible cultural heritage protection.

"Intangible heritage itself is a carrier of spirit, and intangible heritage is the most precious spiritual value, which is the core of intangible heritage protection. Based on such an important cognition, we compare the intangible heritage to: the spiritual home of the Chinese nation, the DNA of Chinese culture, and the symbol of national cultural identity. " Ma Shengde, for example, said that folk literature has always been a difficult point in the work of intangible cultural heritage protection. It cannot directly produce economic value, but it has built a spiritual home for mankind. The most typical is the epic in folk literature, which is a very grand spiritual and cultural pillar of a nation. Epic praises national heroes, whose names and images have spiritual symbols. The worship of heroes has formed a group’s common values.

Therefore, in the protection of intangible heritage, it is necessary to develop in a balanced way, give consideration to all fields of heritage, establish a holistic heritage view, and develop in an all-round and coordinated way.

Cultural revival is integrated into modern life.

When it comes to intangible cultural heritage, many people associate it with the ancient way of life, but in Ma Shengde’s view, the most precious thing of intangible cultural heritage is creativity. "The wisdom of the ancients needs awe, and we also need sustainable development.". The protection of intangible cultural heritage is not to make it a "giant panda" in the zoo, nor to copy ancient artifacts, but to find spiritual connection with contemporary people in live transmission.

"We propose a cultural renaissance, not a cultural retro."Ma Shengde emphasized that it is our ultimate goal to make the intangible heritage of ancient traditions enter modern life and become an important way of life for people. Live transmission’s legacy in today’s world should conform to modern people’s aesthetics and lifestyle, blend into the new atmosphere of the times, and do not advocate keeping it intact. Like the evolution of Chinese characters in China, the fonts from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, inscriptions on bronze, seal script, official script, regular script … are not static, but the hieroglyphics of square characters remain unchanged. From the writing on bamboo slips to the display on mobile phones and computers today, although the external expression has changed, the cultural genes of Chinese characters have always been passed on.

Intangible heritage is ancient and traditional, and it doesn’t mean that the longer it exists, the more precious it is. Ma Shengde pointed out that this is also a common misunderstanding in people’s understanding of intangible heritage. Whether it’s the four great inventions or the twenty-four solar terms ….. these once creative labor wisdom embodies the strong vitality and creativity of Chinese culture, and they are all great contributions made by the Chinese nation to human development. Therefore, the object of intangible cultural heritage protection is not that the longer a project exists, the more valuable it will be, but whether it can meet the needs of sustainable development. Is there any innovation? Non-genetic inheritance is always the excellent traditional Chinese culture.

"Chang ‘e V", "Yutu", "Zhu Rong" and "Tiangong No.1" … In today’s China aerospace project, the most advanced scientific and technological products and the names of space stations all come from ancient myths in Chinese civilization. "These names are very accurate and strongly consistent with our ancient people’s exploration and yearning for the universe and the sky in myths and legends. They are all stories that exist in our folk literature classics and have been in live transmission. " Ma Shengde pointed out that we didn’t use such names as "Athena", "Apollo" and "Zeus", but looked for inspiration from ancient national myths, which is the continuation and rebirth of China’s excellent traditional culture today. "Clever integration of high-tech products with traditional culture is an excellent practice of national top-level design for intangible cultural heritage modernization. These impressive’ China names’ have attracted worldwide attention and become the best overseas spread of China culture. It is this charm that folk literature heritage has. "　

Non-legacy innovation and communication, grasp the "scale of intervention"

How can intangible cultural heritage be better integrated into modern life? Ma Shengde believes that this is a very important proposition in the protection of intangible cultural heritage. Because heritage is a great creation of our ancestors and a precious legacy left by our ancestors, we need to grasp the scale and measure when we protect and utilize intangible heritage and integrate it into modern life, that is, the scale of intervention. In the protection and utilization, we need to have a heart of awe first, and we need to treat the heritage carefully, and we can’t rudely exercise and "hurt the bones" to transform the heritage.

For example, the epic Gesar is a folk literary heritage that spreads in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other regions, and celebrates the story of King Gelsall, a great hero. Qinghai Guoluo is the main spreading area of Gesar epic. In 2016, the Ministry of Culture established the "Gesar Culture (Guoluo) Ecological Protection Experimental Zone" in Qinghai Guoluo to protect this heroic epic regionally. During the protection and utilization of intangible traditional crafts in the ecological protection zone, the rich resources of Gesar epic were fully tapped. In the cooperation between the local and the Academy of Fine Arts of Shanghai University, the cultural elements of Gesar heroic epic were extracted and cooperated with Shanghai’s "Hero Brand" pens to create a set of "Hero Brand" pen gift combinations, which made people see the charm of the old brand and the intangible cross-border.

"The two" heroes "are well combined." Ma Shengde said that it is necessary to encourage this kind of adherence to the laws of cultural heritage, so that the intrinsic value of intangible cultural heritage can be properly combined with external manifestations-that is, the "scale of intervention" can be better grasped.

Ma Shengde pointed out that in recent years, our research and training programs for Chinese intangible cultural heritage inheritors, China traditional craft revitalization program and traditional craft workstations have all made positive and beneficial explorations in the field of intangible cultural heritage entering modern life. However, we must also be clear that the active protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage cannot be separated from certain dissemination and sharing. Especially in today’s information age, we should make good use of modern technology and means in content carrier and communication mode. For example, it is difficult to protect national languages and dialects, but at present, there are films with dialect interpretation, which are performed by influential stars in dialects, and dialect protection and mass communication are well realized.

In addition, animation adaptation is also an effective way to activate intangible cultural heritage. The domestic animated film "Lion Boy" tells the story of a group of teenagers who love and inherit Guangdong’s non-legacy "Lion Dance". Ma Shengde was also moved by the arduous journey from lion dance practice to winning the championship. He believes that it is a good way to popularize and spread the intangible cultural heritage for young people to make innovative expressions in the form of animation that young people like.

Now that science and technology have changed our lives, we must make full use of these means to play a role in integrating intangible cultural heritage into contemporary life. According to different levels of audience, we should explore various ways of inheritance and communication. Only with a certain communication surface can we create a better environment and conditions for inheritance. "We encourage more people of insight to actively and boldly explore the modern communication methods of intangible heritage, so that our younger generation can learn more about intangible heritage through modern technology and communication methods, so as to achieve the purpose of inheritance and protection." Ma Shengde Road.

Cultural sharing to build a new chapter of human sustainable development

At the opening ceremony of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the "Twenty-four Solar Terms Countdown" surprised the global audience, especially for Ma Shengde. He once served as the head of the delegation of China’s application for the 24 solar terms, and went through the whole application process.

"In an international large-scale sports event, it is not only a cultural heritage, but also a promotion and dissemination of excellent cultural heritage to share this intangible heritage with the world by using one of the excellent traditional cultures of the Chinese nation as an idea." Ma Shengde said that the twenty-four solar terms have the widest recognition, and they are timeless, interdisciplinary, ethnic, regional and ideological, and there is no hierarchy. From ancient times to the present, emperors and ordinary people must follow the laws of solar terms. Especially today, we look at the peak of wisdom and creation that the ancients once reached. "It gives people an incentive today and increases the cultural confidence and pride of our nation. Intangible heritage provides a vivid case of national culture live transmission, which needs to be learned, studied and learned in our future sustainable development. "

"The twenty-four solar terms also reflect the extensive sharing of intangible cultural heritage around the world." Ma Shengde believes that there are many ways and ideas that can be used for reference to solve the relationship between people and between nations, regions and countries.

Ma Shengde, for example, in Xinjiang, China, there is a non-legacy named "Maixi Refu", which means "gathering" and "place" in Uygur language. It is a comprehensive folk entertainment activity that integrates folk songs and dances, musical instruments, competitive performances and games. On holidays, after the harvest, at weddings, and at all times when people are happy, people who can sing and dance will gather in droves, hold the Maixirefu and dance the cheerful Maixirefu. Among them, there is also a kind of apology called "Maxi Refu", which is held for the negligent parties to ask for understanding, remove grievances and mediate relations.

"If there is a contradiction or dispute between people, the elders in the village will come forward to preside over the Maixi hot, prompting the two parties to re-establish friendship, worship tea and apologize to each other." Ma Shengde said that such an ancient and traditional way can make people turn swords into spears in music and dance, which is a way we can learn from today to deal with contradictions. "In the protection of intangible cultural heritage, we encourage this way to resolve contradictions in the bud and deal with disputes. Bring its enlightenment and significance to the sustainable development of our mankind. " If some disputes among the people have to be resolved in court, it will inevitably lead to mutual embarrassment, more disharmony in people’s relations, and even deeper grievances from now on! Then, it is the most harmonious relationship to deal with it in such a way as "apologizing to Maixi Refu". The cultural connotation of these heritages is worth exploring in our protection.

Ma Shengde pointed out that the earth is the home of human survival. Just as environmental protection and climate issues have become issues of common concern all over the world today, non-legacy is also of great significance to the sustainable development of mankind. "UNESCO promotes the protection of non-legacy from the international level, and it is also that various countries have realized the pivotal role and great potential played by non-legacy." Therefore, the United Nations encourages the sharing of heritage, so that cultural heritage can be shared worldwide. It is hoped that countries and regions will understand each other, respect each other and share the harmonious relationship and peaceful environment brought about by cultural heritage.

According to the declaration rules formulated by UNESCO, heritage projects with "homologous sharing" can be jointly declared by heritage sharing countries or separately. In the process of joint declaration, joint protection and joint sharing of intangible cultural heritage, friendship, cooperation, exchange and cultural sharing between nations and nations can be enhanced. For example, China and Mongolia jointly declared the Mongolian "long-tune folk songs" and Malaysia jointly declared the "ship delivery king". The legacy of "Falcon Domestication" has been jointly declared in 24 countries around the world.

The greatest charm of intangible cultural heritage bears witness to human creativity.

Intangible heritage bears witness to human creativity, is a melting pot of cultural diversity, and is also a symbol of a regional or national cultural identity. "Our culture can’t be built on the basis of rootless trees and passive water, but must be carried forward in excellent traditions. Many of our folk cultures were difficult to appreciate in the past, but they showed a strong vitality, which was like an underground river. This vitality is also an important resource for us to achieve sustainable development. " Ma Shengde said that the key core of UNESCO’s promotion of intangible cultural heritage protection is to provide experience for the challenges faced by the survival and development of human society through the human creativity and cultural diversity embodied by the intangible cultural heritage of all ethnic groups around the world, so as to realize the sustainable development of man and nature, man and society. This is also the greatest charm of the legacy. For example, our folk customs such as festival ceremonies play an irreplaceable role in building contemporary social harmony, family harmony, national unity and cultural identity. We also have many non-legacy projects of productive protection of traditional skills, which have great potential in improving the quality of life of contemporary people, enriching people’s diversified living needs and promoting employment. In the national policy of helping the poor and getting rich vigorously promoted by the China Municipal Government, the projects of non-legacy traditional skills have played an active role. There are also our Kunqu Opera, Peking Opera, Dong folk songs, flowers, Miao Xiu, guqin, epics, traditional dances, etc. These heritages not only bear witness to human creativity,But also an important resource for the development and re-creation of our contemporary culture.

Just like the legend of "butterfly lovers" in China, it was originally a tragic oral literature project, but later a series of artistic products were derived from such a legendary story. Many works of art appeal to both refined and popular tastes, and are well received by the general public, such as violin concerto, symphony, film, opera, ballet, various traditional opera arts and other hundreds of cultural expressions. The plot of "become a butterfly" in this heritage is the crowning touch of this legendary story, full of imagination, which sublimates this tragic story to a superb level. Such a cultural heritage is the crystallization of human wisdom and the creative product of culture, which fully embodies the imagination and creativity of human genius.

"The plot of’ become a butterfly’ in Liang Zhuzhong is wonderful!" Ma Shengde told movingly that "become a butterfly" embodies Chinese’s aesthetics and emotions, which is a valuable intangible cultural heritage and can be shared with the world as an intangible beauty of China. He stressed that,The ancient cultural heritage embodies the wisdom of many ancestors. "In the past, we didn’t pay enough attention to these heritages. Now we should study, extract and apply them better to provide better spiritual guidance for contemporary human life."(End)

Recently, the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) released the latest global cancer burden data in 2020.

Data display:

In 2020, 19.3 million people will be newly diagnosed with cancer and nearly 10 million will die.

One in five people will get cancer in their lifetime;

One in every eight men and one in every eleven women will die of cancer;

Five years after cancer diagnosis, the number of survivors is about 50.6 million;

Breast cancer has become the most common cancer in the world;

It is estimated that by 2040, 28.4 million people around the world will be diagnosed with cancer.

In 2020, the incidence of female breast cancer surpassed that of lung cancer for the first time, becoming the most common cancer in the world. However, lung cancer is still the cancer with the largest number of deaths worldwide.

▲ In 2020, the types, number and proportion of major new cancers in the world (data from IARC official website)

▲ In 2020, the types, number and proportion of major cancer deaths in the world (data from IARC official website)

Lung cancer is still the largest cancer in China.

Global data:

More than 2.2 million people in the world have been newly diagnosed with lung cancer, accounting for 11.1% of the newly diagnosed cancer in the world, that is, one in every nine new cases is lung cancer.

In terms of gender, more than 1.43 million men and more than 770,000 women are newly diagnosed with lung cancer. The proportion of new cases of lung cancer in men and women is 14.3% and 8.4% respectively. Lung cancer ranks first among men and third among women.

▲ Global male cancer deaths in 2020 (data from IARC official website)

▲ The global number of female cancer deaths in 2020 (data from IARC official website)

Among the 10 million cancer deaths in the world, nearly 1.8 million are lung cancer, accounting for 18%, and almost one in every six cancer deaths is lung cancer.

In terms of gender, more than 1.18 million men and more than 600,000 women died of lung cancer, accounting for 21.5% and 13.7% of male and female lung cancer deaths respectively. Lung cancer ranks first among male cancer deaths and second among female cancer deaths.

China data:

In China, lung cancer is still the first cancer in terms of morbidity and mortality.

▲ Cancer incidence and deaths in China in 2020 (data from IARC official website)

▲ Incidence and death of male cancer in China in 2020 (data from IARC official website)

▲ Incidence and death of cancer among women in China in 2020 (data from IARC official website)

In 2020, there are more than 810,000 new cases of lung cancer in China, accounting for 17.9% of the newly diagnosed cancer cases in China, that is, one of less than six patients is lung cancer.

In terms of gender, nearly 540,000 men in China and more than 270,000 women in China were newly diagnosed with lung cancer, accounting for 21.8% and 13.2% of the cases of male and female cancers in China respectively. Lung cancer ranks first among men in China and second among women in China.

At the same time, more than 710,000 people died of lung cancer in China, accounting for 23.8% of the cancer deaths in China, and almost one in four cancer-related deaths is lung cancer.

In terms of gender, more than 470,000 men in China and 240,000 women in China died of lung cancer, accounting for 25.9% and 10.2% of the male and female cancer deaths in China, respectively, and lung cancer ranks first among the male and female cancer deaths in China.

Behind every number is the sad change of a person and a family. The best way to deal with lung cancer is still prevention and control, especially early screening for high-risk groups.

60% of the high-risk population of lung cancer in China did not undergo LDCT screening.

Practice has proved that low-dose spiral CT(LDCT) is 4-10 times more sensitive to detect early lung cancer than conventional X-ray chest film, and can detect early peripheral lung cancer.

According to the data of the International Action Plan for Early Lung Cancer, 85% of stage I peripheral lung cancer can be found in the annual screening of LDCT, and the expected survival rate of patients after 10 years is 92%. The national lung cancer screening test in the United States has proved that LDCT screening can reduce the mortality of lung cancer in high-risk groups by 20%.

However, a recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that researchers from Henan Cancer Hospital and other institutions analyzed the data of urban cancer early diagnosis and treatment projects in Henan Province from 2013 to 2019 and found that the overall participation rate of LDCT was 40.16%, which means that nearly 60% of the high-risk population of lung cancer were not screened.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that people at high risk of lung cancer receive LDCT screening regularly every year.

The risk assessment factors of lung cancer screening proposed by national comprehensive cancer network (NCCN) guidelines include: smoking history (present and past), radon exposure history, occupational exposure history (arsenic, chromium, asbestos, nickel, cadmium, beryllium, silicon, diesel exhaust gas, soot and soot), malignant tumor history, family history of first-degree relatives with lung cancer, chronic obstructive emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis history, and passive smoking history.

According to the risk status of lung cancer, it can be divided into three groups: low risk, medium risk and high risk:

?　Low risk group: Age < 50 years and smoking history < 20 packs a year (600 cigarettes/year).

?　Medium-risk group: Age ≥50 years, smoking history or passive smoking contact history ≥20 years, no other risk factors.

?　High risk group：

① Age 55 ~ 74 years, smoking history ≥30 packs a year (600 cigarettes/year), quitting smoking history < 15 years;

② Age ≥50 years, smoking history ≥20 packs of years, and risk factors other than passive smoking.

Suggestions on the diagnosis and treatment standard of primary lung cancer (2018 edition) in China:

High-risk group ① people should participate in LDCT lung cancer screening;

If there is a high-risk factor of lung cancer in the high-risk group, LDCT lung cancer screening should also be carried out.

Screening frequency: It is recommended that the interval of screening is 1 year, and the screening mode with an interval of more than 2 years is not recommended. If the annual screening is normal, it is recommended to continue screening every 1 ~ 2 years.

Screening management: It is suggested that nodules with diameter ≥5 mm need further examination.

Note: LDCT screening is not recommended for people who cannot tolerate possible lung cancer resection or serious life-threatening diseases.

Early lung cancer: SBRT has the same effect as surgery.

With the wide application of LDCT screening in high-risk population, more and more early lung cancer can be detected. For operable early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, accounting for about 85% of all lung cancers), the standard treatment mode is radical surgery; For patients who are inoperable or refuse surgery, local radiotherapy is the standard treatment mode.

Compared with conventional radiotherapy, SBRT significantly improves the local control rate and the survival rate of patients with early NSCLC. The local control rate of SBRT in the treatment of inoperable early NSCLC is over 90%, which is equivalent to surgery.

In 2012, NCCN guidelines recommended that SBRT become the first choice for inoperable early NSCLC. In 2018, the American Association of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) officially approved SBRT as the standard treatment for early inoperable NSCLC.

SBRT has become an important radical treatment for early NSCLC, especially for patients who are inoperable or refuse surgery.

Indications of SBRT

Early inoperable NSCLC: old age, serious medical diseases, T1 ~ 2n0m0 stage.

Early NSCLC that can be operated but refuses to operate.

For early clinical lung cancer that cannot be diagnosed pathologically or refuses to be diagnosed pathologically, SBRT treatment can be considered if the following conditions are met:

(1) The definite imaging diagnosis focus gradually increased during the long-term follow-up (> 2 years), or the density and proportion of ground glass shadow increased, or accompanied by malignant features such as vascular crossing and edge burr-like changes; At least two imaging examinations (such as chest enhancement+1 ~ 3 mm thin-slice CT and whole-body PET or CT) indicate malignancy;

(2) confirmed by MDT discussion of lung cancer;

(3) Patients and their families fully informed consent.

Relative indications:

(1)T3N0M0；

(2) Simultaneous multiple primary NSCLC.

References:

1.2020-12-16 e Medicine Global Authoritative Report: In 2020, there will be 19.3 million new cancers worldwide, and lung cancer is no longer the most common cancer! 》

2. China lung cancer diagnosis and treatment standard (2018 edition)

3.2020-11-04e Drug Global "Data of more than 50,000 people in China: Nearly 60% of the high-risk population of lung cancer did not participate in the screening. What factors are affecting it? 》

4. China Expert Consensus on Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (2019 Edition)

Microfilm tablet press

　　Microfilm: the diameter is between 1-3mm, the content is uniform and the quality is controllable.

　　Diameter comparison between microchip and ordinary microchip.

　　The "microchip" medicine specially designed for children is small in size and easy to swallow.

Orally disintegrating tablets freeze-dried orally disintegrating tablets

　　"Freeze-dried orally disintegrating tablets" will immediately disperse in the mouth to prevent spitting.

　　Adults all know the truth that "good medicine tastes bitter and is good for disease", but for children, bitter medicine is unwilling to take even if it has a curative effect. In the future, in children’s medication, the bitter taste of good medicine may become history.

　　The pills will be made into cute little bears or cute kittens. Bitter potion adds sweet and sour "flavoring agent", which has strawberry flavor and orange flavor, depending on which one the baby likes; Naughty children will spit out after eating pills. After changing to "freeze-dried orally disintegrating tablets", the pills will spread on the tongue and disappear, and they can’t find pills when they want to vomit &hellip; &hellip;

　　The National Children’s Medical Center and Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, as the lead units, joined forces with the R&D forces of more than 30 scientific research institutes, universities and enterprises across the country to start the research and development of drug varieties and key technologies for children, which is also the 2017 project of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" national "major new drug creation" and will be closed at the end of next year.

　　Ni Xin, the project leader and president of Beijing Children’s Hospital, said that the related technology of this project involves more than 100 kinds of children’s medicines. In the future, good medicines will no longer be bitter, and children will no longer need parents and children to "fight with each other".

　　decode

　　Oral medicine is too bitter

　　By the end of next year, a technical platform for correcting and masking the taste of children’s drugs will be built.

　　"One thing touched me deeply." Wang Xiaoling, director of the project office and director of the pharmacy department of Beijing Children’s Hospital, said that a child in the hospital was ill and had to take a sugar-coated tablet for adults. Because the dosage of the child was small, the sugar-coated tablet could only be ground and then fed to the child. "Once the sugar-coated tablet is destroyed, the bitter taste in the medicine will go straight to the entrance." The child was particularly angry and said, Why do adults take sweet medicine, but give me such bitter medicine? How can you adults be so bad! "This sentence makes me particularly shocked. Why can’t we adults try to make our children’s medicine no longer bitter?"

　　The child can’t understand the helplessness behind grinding a sugar-coated tablet and taking it again. His idea is very simple, that is, he wants to take medicine that is not bitter. Wang Xiaoling said that as one of the top ten tasks of the project, China will build a technical platform for correcting and masking the taste of children’s drugs by the end of next year. The specific technical types of taste correction and taste masking for children include taste masking technology, chemical taste masking technology and physical taste masking technology. "Some medicines are naturally bitter." Like other tastes, bitterness is a feeling caused by the stimulation of liquid containing chemical substances. Bitter substances existing in food and medicine basically naturally exist alkaloids, glycosides, bitter peptide bile and other substances, and some nitrogen-containing organic substances can also have a bitter feeling.

　　"We have established a bitterness database." Wang Xiaoling said that in the future, when children’s drug manufacturers develop new drugs, they can query the database and consider avoiding these bitter ingredients. However, the first thing to consider in drug research and development is curative effect. If bitter chemicals cannot be avoided, it is necessary to consider improving the taste of children’s drugs through taste correction technology or taste masking technology. "Just like giving people a double eyelid, beautify it."

　　The technology of taste masking and taste correction seems to be relatively uncommon, but in simple terms, it can be understood as the illusion of baby’s taste buds by adding "condiments"; It is also possible to avoid direct contact between bitter drugs and taste buds by adding auxiliary materials, or to temporarily paralyze taste buds. Now many babies have taken medicines that are not bitter, such as peaches, strawberries, oranges, hawthorn, milk tea and brown sugar &hellip; &hellip; Wang Xiaoling said that before the end of next year, the research group will also build a taste evaluation system for children in China. "Now many taste masking and taste correction technologies are imported. We should choose a taste that is more suitable for children in China according to the tastes of children in China."

　　The taste of children’s medication is not just "not bitter". Wang Xiaoling said that the waterless swallowing granule technology currently under development adopts technological innovation and high-quality auxiliary materials, which can effectively cover up the bad smell of drugs, and at the same time, it does not need water to be taken. After entering the stomach, the drugs are quickly dissolved and released, giving full play to the curative effect, greatly improving the compliance of children with drugs, and parents are no longer worried about the headache of drug administration.

　　decode

　　Dose is broken by hand

　　Customize different dosage packages for babies with professional packaging equipment.

　　In the young children’s ward of Beijing Children’s Hospital, pharmacists also have an important job of grinding pills for children. Hydrochlorothiazide, a commonly used medicine in children’s wards, is used to treat mild and moderate edema and hypertension, and can improve the symptoms of bronchial dysplasia. In the children’s ward, this is a drug that challenges pharmacists: the commonly used hydrochlorothiazide tablets are 25 mg per tablet, but the dosage of children needs to be calculated according to their weight. Some children need to use one-third tablets, and some children need to use one-quarter tablets. The youngest child needs to use 0.5 mg at a time, which is only 1/50 of one tablet. "Ordinary scales can’t be used for weighing, and analytical scales with higher accuracy must be used."

　　In the ward of Beijing Children’s Hospital, there are many commonly used divided-dose drugs. Compound sulfamethoxazole tablets are used to treat enteritis, endocarditis, acute bronchitis and chronic bronchitis in children’s hospitals, and are likely to be used in the departments of gastroenterology, cardiovascular medicine, respiratory medicine, neurology and infectious diseases. 79.95% of the compound sulfamethoxazole tablets used in children’s hospitals need to be divided into doses. Among the 199 kinds of oral drugs available in Beijing Children’s Hospital, 85 kinds of drugs, such as oral liquid, granules, dispersible tablets, etc., and 34 kinds of drugs with different doses, are excluded, and a total of 80 kinds of drugs need to be prepared in different doses, including 63 kinds of tablets and 12 kinds of capsules, as well as dosage forms such as enteric-coated tablets and sustained-release tablets.

　　According to the drug classification of clinical medication instructions, most of these 80 drugs are used for anti-infective drugs, nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system and endocrine system. Infection and digestive diseases are very common in children, and many children will use these drugs. Cardiovascular, endocrine and nervous system drugs sometimes need long-term out-of-hospital drug treatment. If there is no suitable dosage form specification and parents need to divide the dosage themselves, how to ensure the accurate dosage of drugs? How to ensure the proper storage of divided dose drugs? How to deal with the remaining drugs after dispensing? Is it necessary to buy an analytical balance specially for children to distribute medicine at home?

　　In some developed countries, such as Japan, personalized drug delivery has begun, which means that hospitals can use special equipment to package drugs separately. In China’s "Quality Management Standard for Pharmaceutical Work in Medical Institutions", there is also a clear definition of individualized dispensing &mdash; &mdash; According to the needs of patients’ individualized medication, qualified medical institutions can provide temporary preparation of special dosage forms or doses, such as diluting liquid, grinding tablets and subcontracting, subpackaging capsules, preparing temporary mixtures, and preparing ointments.

　　This year, the topic of personalized medication for young children has been added. At present, the research group has purchased sub-packaging equipment. In the future, Beijing Children’s Hospital can customize drugs with special doses for babies. "The content of a bag may be 10 micrograms or 5 milligrams, which can be designed completely according to the doctor’s advice. Parents give their children medicine, and they don’t have to guess. "

　　decode

　　It is difficult to swallow medicine.

　　Develop special formula technology

　　Develop special drugs for children

　　The problem of children’s medication is a worldwide topic. "We often say that children are not miniature versions of adults." Ni Xin said that children should choose special drugs for children. The project led by Beijing Children’s Hospital is based on the differentiated needs of children’s medication, developing special drug delivery technologies, including straw delivery, oral instant, micro-tablets, etc., and developing children’s drugs through the establishment of key technologies with distinctive differentiation.

　　For example, Wang Xiaoling said that according to the characteristics of children, the research group is still developing "microchips", that is, the diameter of tablets is between 1 and 3 mm, "too big tablets for children to swallow." After being changed into small tablets, the diameter is reduced to facilitate swallowing, and more importantly, the content of active ingredients in the medicine is uniform and the quality is controllable. Now adults are using sustained-release tablets, and the drugs can be released slowly. Adults can take the drugs once or twice a day. Children have to go to kindergarten and primary school, but many children need to take drugs orally three or even four times a day. This time, the research group also designed the sub-topic of key technology and industrialization platform of children’s sustained and controlled release preparations to explore and develop sustained and controlled release preparations suitable for children, and studied the oral absorption mechanism.

　　Children take drugs orally and through mucous membranes, such as nasal mucosa, rectal mucosa and lung mucosa, all of which are routes of administration. "The World Health Organization recommends that children use anal suppositories to reduce fever, but parents in China don’t accept it very well and children don’t like it." Wang Xiaoling said, this suggests that Chinese researchers can’t copy foreign experience. "We found that the gel dosage form is relatively easy to be accepted by parents, and the products developed now are highly accepted by parents. If you gently touch it, you can achieve good curative effect, and parents certainly welcome it. "

　　"Nothing reveals the soul of a society better than the way it treats its children." Wang Xiaoling always remembers such a famous saying, "All pharmaceutical workers do is to make children recover in sweetness."

　　Reporter Jia Xiaohong

　　April 15th to 21st is the 25th National Cancer Prevention Publicity Week, and this year’s publicity theme is "Scientific Cancer Prevention First".

　　Cancer, also known as malignant tumor, is a complex disease caused by social and environmental factors and genetic factors. The genetic changes that can lead to cancer may be inherited from parents, may also be caused by abnormal cell division or exposure to special environment after birth, and may also be carcinogenic environmental exposure, including some special substances, such as harmful chemicals and rays formed by tobacco burning.

　　At present, malignant tumor accounts for the first cause of death among urban residents in China. From 2000 to 2014, the onset age of cancer in China is moving forward every year, with an overall advance of about two years. Through the cooperation of surgery, internal medicine, radiotherapy and other multidisciplinary departments for many years, human beings have mastered the tools for early detection of cancer such as CT, ultrasound, tumor markers, and at the same time have many effective cancer treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

　　Can cancer be prevented?

　　In fact, the formation of cancer is very slow, and it takes about 20 to 30 years for the human body to develop into cancer after long-term exposure to carcinogenic environment.

　　During this period, we have to go through many steps, such as cell transformation, precancerous lesions, carcinoma in situ, and gaining the ability of invasion and metastasis. In the previous twenty or thirty years, we had plenty of time to find and eliminate cancer. Therefore, early screening and diagnosis of cancer is particularly important.

　　"Gene mutation" and "immune escape" are two key factors in the formation of cancer. Gene mutation is a "restless" cell, and it will not stop when it stops proliferation. Immune escape is a "restless" cell that escapes the surveillance and attack of the immune system through various methods.

　　Can cancer be prevented? The answer is that some cancers are completely preventable.

　　In 2011, the World Health Organization proposed that one-third of cancers could be completely prevented; One third of cancers can be cured by early detection; One-third of cancers can use existing medical measures to prolong life, relieve pain and improve quality of life. This ratio means that, optimistically, cancer can not be fatal, pessimistically, some tumors can not be predicted and escaped.

　　Tumor prevention, the ideal state is to find and intervene in the precancerous lesions, so as not to let the precancerous lesions develop into cancer, such as lung cancer, which we are familiar with. If we intervene in time in the early stage of disease development, more than 90% can be cured.

　　The focus of cancer prevention is "etiological prevention"

　　The prevention of cancer is divided into three levels. For most of us, the emphasis should be on the primary prevention, that is, the "etiological prevention" of cancer, which is what we usually call "prevention of disease". Why pay attention to this level of prevention? Because of its long time, many opportunities, good effect and low cost.

　　Cancer prevention should "do something". Starting with improving the internal environment of our bodies, that is, enhancing our "immunity". Vaccination can improve the body’s immunity to specific viruses. Although there is no such thing as cancer virus, some viruses can indeed cause cancer. For example, HPV vaccine can prevent cervical cancer and hepatitis B vaccine can reduce the incidence of liver cancer.

　　In addition, you can keep your immune system in good condition by controlling your weight, exercising moderately and keeping your mood comfortable.

　　To prevent cancer, we must "do something." To do something wrong is to avoid carcinogenic factors in life. This includes external factors such as physics, chemistry and biology, as well as some internal genetic factors. According to the list of carcinogens published by the World Health Organization, a total of 116 substances are classified as a class of carcinogens, which are certain to cause cancer, including tobacco, alcohol, formaldehyde and so on. Reducing exposure to carcinogenic factors in daily life is an important step in cancer prevention.

　　The public’s awareness of smog prevention has weakened.

　　Paranoid, introverted, unwilling to communicate with friends, once family, emotion, work and other things go wrong, the psychological pollution index is higher, which belongs to the "cancer personality" that is often said.

　　Professor Zhi Xiuyi, director of the Propaganda Department of Popular Science of China Anti-Cancer Association and chief expert of thoracic surgery in xuanwu hospital, Beijing, said: "Nearly half of the lung cancer patients admitted in clinic are related to long-term depression, depression and emotional shock."

　　Mental factors can not directly cause cancer, but they often affect and reduce the immunity of the body with a chronic and persistent stimulus. It causes the imbalance of autonomic nervous function and endocrine function, makes cancer cells break through the defense of the body’s immune system, and then forms cancer.

　　According to the report of the World Health Organization, healthy exercise, diet and sleep can prevent 30%~50% of cancer, and many deaths caused by cancer can be avoided.

　　Feng Li, director of Chinese Medicine Department of Cancer Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences, said that staying up late and getting angry are a risk factor for cancer, but they are not the main key factors. Because the key factor of tumor occurrence is mainly internal factors.

　　In addition to keeping your mouth shut and keeping your legs open, you should pay attention to eating more grains, vegetables, fruits and beans to prevent cancer; Eat less red meat and processed meat; Eat less salt; Drink less alcohol; Do not smoke; Stay up late less.

　　In addition, "anti-cancer screening" can make "early cancer" strangle in the cradle ",and women &ge; Cervical cancer screening should be done at the age of 20, and it is best for women over 40 to do breast cancer screening, including breast ultrasound and mammography. Professor Zhi Xiuyi reminded that people over 40 years old had better do screening for esophageal and gastrointestinal tumors, mainly painless gastrointestinal endoscopy. When you are over 50 years old, do colorectal cancer screening, including fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy. Over 50 years old and smoking &ge; 20 packs/year, low-dose spiral CT is recommended. (High-risk groups can advance their age to 40)

　　In recent two years, people’s awareness of smog prevention has gradually weakened, and the number of people wearing masks on the streets in foggy days has decreased significantly. Many people seem to be used to it, and it doesn’t matter to run on the streets in foggy days.

　　Professor Zhi Xiuyi appealed to the public to pay attention to the health effects of inhalable particulate matter PM2.5 and smog weather. Minimize going out in foggy weather; If you have to go out, you should also try to reduce your stay outside, wear a protective mask when you go out, and reduce the intake of PM2.5

　　Hypertension, depression, insomnia &hellip; &hellip; Even cancer, if someone tells you that there is a "hydrogen inhalation" therapy that can treat these symptoms, do you believe it? Hydrogen is a flammable gas. Does it really have such a "magical" effect when inhaled into the human body? What is the scientific principle behind it? Is it really effective or a psychological effect to treat diseases by absorbing hydrogen?

　　The reporter recently learned in an interview that this kind of "hydrogen therapy" is gradually being valued by the medical community, and the selective antioxidant properties of hydrogen are the key to the so-called "cure all diseases".

　　Why do people get sick?

　　The main reason is the imbalance of oxidation and reduction in the body.

　　To understand why hydrogen can cure diseases, we must start with why people get sick.

　　We should know that the human body is always in a dynamic balance with the surrounding environment. Under the action of pathogenic factors, such as bacteria and radiation, the original balance is broken, and the body is damaged, resulting in pathological changes in the function, metabolism and mental structure of tissues and organs, resulting in clinical symptoms and signs.

　　When human cells are oxidized, they will form oxidative damage. Medically speaking, it is because of internal and external factors that a large number of free radicals in the body erupt, which is called oxidative stress.

　　Free radicals are atoms, groups or molecules containing unpaired electrons. Free radicals themselves are essential substances to maintain normal life. Free radical reaction is the basis of energy metabolism. When people inhale oxygen and eat food, energy substances and substances that promote energy conversion undergo oxidation reaction in the body, thus producing a large number of free radicals. Free radicals in the human body are constantly produced, and will be continuously removed and maintained at a normal physiological level. Once there are too many or too few free radicals, it will cause adverse effects and even harm to the body.

　　When the oxidation degree of cells exceeds the antioxidant capacity of cells to remove oxides, it will form an imbalance between oxidation system and antioxidant system, that is, redox imbalance. Excessive free radicals, especially toxic reactive oxygen species, will begin to attack biological macromolecules and cause tissue and cell damage. Therefore, oxidative damage is the root cause of various diseases and body aging. Taking the treatment of human inflammation as an example, it is generally believed that scavenging oxygen free radicals is the most fundamental way to alleviate inflammatory reaction.

　　Principle of treatment:

　　Hydrogen can scavenge human toxic free radicals.

　　Xu Kecheng, a domestic oncologist and honorary president of Fu Da Cancer Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, told the Yangcheng Evening News reporter that "hydrogen therapy" is a new therapy that is gradually being valued by the medical community. The medical community has carried out more and more research on how many diseases, to what extent, and whether there are side effects.

　　Xu Kecheng introduced that no matter what kind of diseases people suffer from, there is a common factor, that is, the emergence of toxic free radicals in the body. Free radicals (reactive oxygen species) are divided into good and bad ones. Japanese scientists have found that hydrogen can specifically remove bad free radicals. Because one of the most typical and important chemical properties of hydrogen is its reducibility, which can selectively neutralize toxic free radicals. From the analysis of disease mechanism, oxidative damage is the most basic pathophysiological process of almost all diseases. Therefore, since hydrogen is a selective antioxidant, it is likely to have a therapeutic effect on most human diseases.

　　Why does hydrogen have selective antioxidant properties? It turns out that the reducibility of hydrogen is very weak compared with various reductants in the process of cell metabolism. According to the law of redox priority: for the same oxidant, when there are multiple reductants, it usually reacts with the reductants with the strongest reductants first. Therefore, in the normal process of cell metabolism, hydrogen basically has no effect. However, if it is in abnormal cells, the situation is different. For example, in tumor tissue cells, because a large number of free radicals are produced, the normal metabolic reaction cannot be carried out, so other reducing substances are insufficient, which gives hydrogen a chance to react chemically with free radicals, and the result is to cancel out unpaired electrons in free radicals &mdash; &mdash; Most unpaired electrons of free radicals come from oxygen atoms &mdash; &mdash; They can react with hydrogen to produce water, a stable substance, and free radicals that lose oxygen atoms become stable substances in this process.

　　Small side effects,

　　Because hydrogen itself is inactive

　　In Xu Kecheng’s Guan ‘ai Health Studio in Guangdong Province, the reporter saw that the seats next to the 15 "hydrogen-absorbing machines" set here were all filled with people who "sucked hydrogen" with trachea in their noses. The staff told the reporter that this machine can electrolyze water into a mixed gas with 66% hydrogen and 33% oxygen only by adding pure water or distilled water. The patient only needs to take a deep breath and inhale the gas into the body to complete a course of treatment. The time for each "hydrogen inhalation" course is at least one and a half hours. A 62-year-old Chen Yi told the reporter that she was diagnosed with gastric cancer several years ago. After a series of radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments, the whole person became extremely weak. After starting to suck hydrogen in early August this year, she found that her physical condition had improved significantly. "After the first hydrogen inhalation, it was a sweat when I got home; After insisting on smoking for three times, I found that the sleep that I woke up once an hour has improved. Originally, Qing Wu’s face has also improved, and his physical strength has gradually recovered. Now he can go for a walk in the community every day. " Another Abreu also told reporters that he had liver cancer four years ago, and later had an operation to remove it. I didn’t expect it to recur last year. After being recommended to absorb hydrogen, the most obvious change is that sleep is better and the spirit is much better.

　　It turns out that in terms of anti-tumor, tumor cell walls produce more reactive oxygen species than normal cells, which affects cell proliferation, DNA synthesis and angiogenesis, and oxygen free radicals, as "second messengers", play an important role in intracellular signal transduction and can induce and maintain the carcinogenicity of cancer cells. At this time, as an antioxidant, hydrogen has the potential to treat tumor diseases. Moreover, scientists have found that compared with other antioxidant substances, hydrogen can easily pass through the cell membrane and organelle membrane, reach the required parts for reduction reaction, and selectively remove oxygen free radicals. At the same time, because hydrogen itself is inactive, it will not cause physiological function damage and metabolic disorder.

　　Progress is rapid,

　　But the biological safety needs to be verified.

　　The effect of hydrogen on human health can be traced back to 1975. At that time, someone published a paper in Science magazine, saying that continuous breathing of 8 atmospheres of 97.5% hydrogen for 14 days, high-pressure hydrogen can effectively treat animal skin malignant tumors, and that this is the effect obtained through anti-oxidation.

　　In addition, in 2001, French diving doctors also proved that breathing 8 atmospheres of high-pressure hydrogen can also treat the inflammatory reaction caused by Schistosoma hepatica infection, which proved for the first time that hydrogen has anti-inflammatory effect, and proposed that the direct reaction between hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals is the basis for treating inflammatory injury.

　　However, the above research has not attracted widespread attention, mainly because high-pressure hydrogen is difficult to be used as a general clinical treatment.

　　It was not until 2007 that Professor Naruto Ota of Japan Medical University succeeded in the experiment of treating animal cerebral ischemia with 2% hydrogen, and it was published in the journal Nature Medicine, and "hydrogen therapy" finally attracted the attention of the whole world. 2007 is therefore recognized as the first year of "hydrogen medicine".

　　Since then, the research of hydrogen biology has begun to rise. The United States, Japan and China are the countries that have studied the medical biological effects of hydrogen the most, and each country has dozens of research institutions to participate.

　　In China, Sun Xuejun, a professor at Shanghai Second Military Medical University, is considered to be the first person to introduce hydrogen therapy, also known as "the first person in hydrogen medicine in China". Professor Sun Xuejun said that he has been engaged in gas effect research for a long time, but he didn’t start to study the medical effect of hydrogen until he saw the research results of Akio Ota in 2007, and gradually found that this therapy was really useful.

　　Nowadays, the research results of hydrogen biology in domestic medical circles are increasing. Take the number of topics related to "hydrogen medicine" included in China HowNet as an example. In 2007, the topics related to "hydrogen" were all related to energy. After 2007, a large number of papers on "hydrogen" and the medical effects of various diseases appeared, involving mental illness, heart disease, cancer and other fields. Some academicians also began to study "hydrogen medicine". Among them, Wang Hongyang, academician of China Academy of Engineering and director of National Hepatocellular Cancer Science Center, also led the research group to complete the Study of Hydrogen Therapy for Liver Injury, which was published in the internationally renowned Journal of Hepatology.

　　In 2014, Zhong Nanshan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, discovered that hydrogen is effective for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In his speech at the World Thoracic Congress, he pointed out that "hydrogen molecules are mainly aimed at chronic diseases, and the most basic thing is the enhancement of antioxidant stress, not the simple repair, which is conducive to the recovery of the body. The concept is to treat the cause rather than the symptoms."

　　In March, 2014, the professional committee of hydrogen molecular biomedicine of China Medical Care International Exchange Promotion Association was also announced.

　　However, at present, "hydrogen medicine" is still in the basic and clinical research stage. Xu Kecheng told reporters that he hopes to collect as many clinical cases as possible through public welfare studios. Because some experts pointed out that although hydrogen has been found to be effective for many diseases, the biological mechanism of this effect still needs further study, and its clinical effect needs to be supported by sufficient evidence. For example, Dong Wenbin and Zheng Gaoli from the Institute of Pharmacology of Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences once wrote that the biological safety of hydrogen can not be fully proved at present, and many problems about hydrogen treatment need further study.

　　Key reminder:

　　Self-hydrogen therapy is not recommended.

　　At this point in the article, it is particularly worth reminding that the use of hydrogen to treat diseases should still be operated under the guidance of professional doctors, and it should never be used casually.

　　For example, the hydrogen used in hydrogen balloons is not recommended for treating diseases. In this regard, Lin Xinyong, president of Shanghai Shumei Medical Technology Co., Ltd. said that the gas normally inhaled by the human body must pass the safety tests such as toxicology and biocompatibility before it can be used. Even though water electrolysis can produce hydrogen, there are risks if the related equipment parts are non-medical grade.

　　Wei Youzhen, a professor at the Oriental Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, also said that the hydrogen used in hydrogen balloons is usually industrial hydrogen, and its source is not necessarily generated by water electrolysis. There may be other gases doped, so the purity is not enough, so it is not suitable for human inhalation, and it is not conducive to treating diseases.

In the early morning of March 24th, after Tanas, a member of top combine, sent a lawyer’s letter saying that his ex-girlfriend Chen Mumu had made a rumor, Chen Mumu also sent Weibo to respond to this matter for the first time. His tone was tough and domineering, indicating that he had no intention to enter the entertainment circle, and he would not say that it was understandable to send a letter for the sake of heat, but everything would be properly handled and faded. As long as the parties still had some conscience in their hearts, they would not send this letter. It seems that Chen Mumu didn’t seem to take this lawyer’s letter from Xiao Wufa to heart.

　It is reported that on March 23rd, Chen Mumu, who reported that Lemon was a "mistress", posted a message again, revealing a chat record with Tanas’s agent. The remark was that Miss Ye, the agent of Xiaowu, apologized on behalf of Tanas, but for the sake of the company’s position, she would not apologize publicly, and also revealed that "the company was in a state of semi-abandonment for Xiaowu" and prayed for forgiveness to solve the matter privately. After Chen Mumu disclosed the agent’s chat record, Tanas Studio published a lawyer’s letter directly through the company, pointing out that what Chen Mumu said was not true at all and was suspected of malicious forgery, and requested to stop the infringement, delete false and malicious information, and not mislead, follow comments or spread. Tanas himself and Lemon also forwarded Weibo’s statement: "People are desperate and helpless."

After Chen Mumu disclosed the agent’s chat record, Tanas Studio published a lawyer’s letter directly through the company, pointing out that what Chen Mumu said was not true at all and was suspected of malicious forgery, and requested to stop the infringement, delete false and malicious information, and not mislead, follow comments or spread.

In the early morning of March 24th, after Tanas sent a lawyer’s letter, Chen Mumu responded domineering and was not afraid of the lawyer’s letter.

Previously, on March 19th, Xiaowu Tanas and Lemon announced their love affair. In the early morning of March 20th, netizen Chen Mumu revealed that she and Xiaowu had a relationship before. They broke up on September 3rd last year and originally planned to celebrate Xiaowu’s birthday in Maldives on September 17th, but Xiaowu suddenly changed her mind and said that she wanted to be alone. After sorting out the timeline, she speculated that she was actually with Lemon at that time. Before the two broke up, Xiaowu played games with other girls, and later used a couple nickname. Finally, she said, "Now I understand who it is."

After netizens "eat melons", they all said, "So Lemon is" used to three "?" "Small three with small five is really a perfect match! Groups of three or five are not just talk. "

This is not the first time that Lemon has been called a mistress.

Previously, Lemon had intervened in the marriage of Liu Yuxin and Li Meng, when Liu Yuxin was still nursing. At first, Lemon denied it and used many means to defend himself.

Finally, under the pressure of public opinion, I admitted the fact of my third party, and I also admitted my plastic surgery.

After the love affair with Tanas was exposed, Lemon was also introduced into the relationship between Tanas and Wu Youxuan. Some netizens found that the back photo of Xiaowu Tanas and the picture of Lemon walking the dog were taken in the same place, and they also had the same fisherman’s hat, canvas shoes and cowboy suit.

Coincidentally, in the video shared by Lemon earlier, netizens also found Jin Shengen’s photo frame.

After the two were exposed to love, some netizens claimed to be friends of Xiaowu’s wife, and broke the news that Xiaowu had already married his girlfriend Wu Youxuan and bought a house in Zhuhai. During the enlistment of Xiao Wu, his girlfriend took a long bus to visit him in Korea every month, and they were also pulled out of the same pet photo of Weibo.

On March 19th, Tanas, the "Little Five" of Everyday Upward, officially announced her love affair with Lemon: "I want to walk with you in sunny days and hold an umbrella for you in rainy days", and responded to the online news that she did have a relationship with Ms. Wu, but she had already separated peacefully. "Love is a private matter and has the right to choose not to make it public." Lemon then forwarded a sweet response: You are my man and my little prince, and finally I can’t unscrew the bottle cap.

While Tanas officially announced her love affair with Lemon, she also admitted that she had a relationship with Wu Youxuan, saying that they broke up peacefully, and seemed to deny the rumor that she was cheating on her and that Lemon was a mistress again.

Later, in the sun, a long picture and a screenshot of a chat appeared, which was suspected to imply that Lemon was "stupid and an idiot" and revealed that Tanas had divorced.

Yu is talking about an actress "Molly" whom he is familiar with in a long article, which is suspected to imply Lemon who just announced her love affair with Tanas. He said that the article "Jasmine" is written by an actress who is familiar in the entertainment circle. Her behavior is perverse and her personality is outstanding. She is a typical material for a good person whose personality determines her fate. In the article, he tries his best to be objective, without boasting or venting his anger. He simply records her words and deeds, as well as her views and comments. And Yu Zheng told the actress that she would write this article, but didn’t show it to her, saying, "I hope to see myself in other people’s eyes and enlighten her!" "

In a long article, he revealed that he had asked Jasmine for the hot search of "Little Three" after years of no contact. As always, the other party frankly admitted it, but said that he didn’t know before the contact. The night before yesterday, she suddenly contacted herself and asked what she thought of her unexpected hot search. Then she told her boyfriend that she was going to be exposed. The reason was that her boyfriend had divorced when he met her and didn’t want to be called mistress again. Yu Zheng advised her to be silent at this time, but she refused to listen, saying, "So I don’t think people’s nature can be changed. It’s really stupid and idiotic."

On the afternoon of March 19th, Wu Youxuan issued a statement, which stated: "Wu Youxuan has broken up with Tanas, and everything involving Tanas and Lemon has nothing to do with Wu Youxuan." Later, Wu Youxuan forwarded the statement and sent a message: "Thank you for your concern for me. During the epidemic, I hope that all my friends will protect themselves and their families, wish you and your families good health and pray for the early end of the epidemic."

The manuscript is synthesized from Sina Weibo and Sohu Entertainment.

Special feature of 1905 film network Caring for nurses and protecting people’s health. May 12th is the 111th International Nurses’ Day. Yamei, an actress who plays a nurse in the film "Today’s Film Review", came to know the sacred profession of nurses with us.

Nowadays, epidemic prevention work is normalized, and nucleic acid testing is also carried out frequently. When testing nucleic acid, nurses wearing protective clothing are very hard. The theme of this year’s International Nurses’ Day, "Caring for Nurses and Protecting People’s Health", is also concerned about this angle.

The host said: "Whether from the perspective of nursing or protection, it seems that the responsibility of this word’ protection’ is even heavier." Yamei recalled the role of a nurse in the film. She added: "When testing nucleic acid or putting on protective clothing, they show care and patience. It takes more than ten steps to put on protective clothing, but in these processes, your negligence in one step may cause infection."

By playing the role of nurse, Yamei realized the hard work of nurses. Among them, putting on and taking off protective clothing is a very complicated process, not simply wearing it layer by layer, and there are many details to pay attention to.

Yamei said: "The first step is to wash your hands first, then wear the first layer of headgear, then wear the first layer of protective mask, then wear the first layer of shoe cover, because it is two layers, and the third layer of protection is a comprehensive package, then the second layer of headgear, and finally wear isolation gown, and then wear goggles. Before wearing goggles, there is a detail, that is, you must clean the goggles with anti-fog agent, because you are long. When I first finished wearing protective clothing, I was already sweating before I entered the real work area. "

The medical care we often talk about actually refers to two groups: doctors and nurses. Doctors are responsible for making diagnosis and making treatment plans, while nurses are responsible for carrying out doctors’ orders, nursing patients and giving medicines to different patients.

As the so-called "three-point treatment and seven-point care" means, friends who have been hospitalized will feel that nurses are the ones who have the most contact. Most of the time, nurses are doing meticulous nursing work. In addition, nurses also play the role of psychological counseling. They usually show patients a warm and positive side, so that patients can have a more positive attitude towards the disease, which is very important for the recovery of health.

Before shooting Chinese Doctors, Yamei also went through closed training in order to better integrate into the role, among which the intravenous blood sampling class left the deepest impression on her, because she was very afraid of needles. Yamei said, "When the consultant took the blood needle out in front of me, I cried at once."

She has been looking for ways to overcome it, and then she thinks that under the epidemic situation, every nurse has her own fears, but they can all overcome these fears and face difficulties bravely. She also secretly made up her mind that if she really wants to play the role of a good nurse, she must overcome her fear of needles.

More understanding, more understanding. Yamei said: "In fact, I will understand the work of medical staff better after filming that play." Some patients are very anxious when they go to see a doctor, and they think why doctors or nurses ignore themselves. In fact, they all have a reason. In the movie Chinese Doctors, the director Wen said, "These people came to the queue last night. Which one do you think I will take for your wife?" All these experiences make Yamei feel that we should have a better understanding of angels in white.

Under the epidemic, we witnessed the courage of nurses and their love. Not long ago, there were two nurses in the Sichuan aid medical team. After they successfully completed their work, Kang Xin, a male nurse, proposed marriage. The program also invited Kang Xin to share his marriage proposal with everyone.

Kang Xin: We received an order on the 30th to set up a medical team in Sichuan Province. My girlfriend and I signed up at the same time and were selected as a member of the medical team to aid Kyrgyzstan. Before going, we discussed that if we could come back safely, we would get a marriage certificate together. On the 27th, our task was basically completed, and we were going back to Sichuan on the 28th, so I discussed it with my friends and proposed to her on the evening of the 27th. We folded a rose with a napkin, a balloon, and a small ring made of a mask. The mask has a plastic strip. I made a ring shape with the plastic strip, and then wrapped it with the lace of the mask to make two shapes like rabbit ears.

Whether female nurses or male nurses, they should have a gentle and delicate side to show consideration to patients, and at the same time, they should have a brave and enthusiastic side to give patients the courage and hope to overcome the disease. There are also many images of nurses in our movies, such as movies and Chinese Doctors. The challenges faced by nurses are different in different periods, but there is an unchanging spiritual core, that is, the dedication of putting patients in the first place forever and saving lives.

Medical staff are great ordinary people. They cast the last wall to block the epidemic and the people with their own flesh and blood. They have no hesitation and great love. Just like this year’s theme, "Care for the nurses and protect the people’s health", I hope that while they protect the people’s health, the whole society will also care more for the nurses.

　　At present, there are less than two months left before the postgraduate entrance examination, and the Q group of college students is also increasingly prosperous. Postgraduate students have gone online to seek their own "online home". There are outstanding graduate students in the group and postgraduate institutions to escort candidates.

　　These research groups seem to be isolated coordinate points in the quadrant, but in fact they quietly form a circle. In addition to colleges and universities to build groups for students applying for the exam, there are also "same-city examination and research groups" used by students from various cities to urge each other to learn. In addition, a series of ancillary products have been derived, such as "PubMed Dating Group", "PubMed Parents Exchange Group" and "PubMed Tourism Group", which are fully functional.

　　In the groups spontaneously formed by college students, whether it is postgraduate entrance examination, online games, entrepreneurship, idolize, writing, etc., different Q groups play different functions, always providing college students with opportunities to obtain information and get to know each other, and forming different forms of network ecological circles.

　　Different from the WeChat group that joins by scanning code and inviting friends, Q group can find relevant "tribes" nationwide only by inputting keywords, and it is more flexible in the number of people. It is reported that the maximum number of WeChat groups is 500, and after opening the maximum limit of 2,000 for QQ groups, the number of QQ groups was lifted to 5,000 in 2017, which can be called the "re-expansion" of Q groups and also extended the network ecosystem of students.

　　However, compared with the situation that primary and secondary schools only stay in "class group" and "learning data group", the Q group ecosystem of college students is undoubtedly more complex and diverse.

　　College Students’ Entrepreneurial Groups: Rising "Coin Speculation"

　　In the past, college students’ entrepreneurial groups generally only included "part-time group", "project group" and "investment and financial management group", which was one of the channels for college students to obtain certain living expenses. However, some emerging economic hotspots will largely break the conventional model of entrepreneurial groups.

　　"We are all a group of paranoid college students, but delusion can also become a reality. The blockchain has given us a good enough opportunity. Do you believe it? Just come in! " The introduction of a college student’s entrepreneurial group is quite provocative.

　　Like this, there are countless emerging college students’ blockchain entrepreneurial groups since 2017. As it is advertised, some college students join the group in order to attract partners to do investment projects, while others are to "speculate" and "mine" in partnership. Similarly, they all focus on the most popular hot areas in the entrepreneurial circle in the past year or two. For example, Chen Sifan from Ningxia Normal University said, "If 2017 is the first year of blockchain technology, 2018 will be an outbreak year, and I definitely want to seize this opportunity to make money."

　　In the early stage, the information forwarded by the group was nothing more than all kinds of "potential" digital currency in the eyes of group friends &mdash; &mdash; Which digital currency is about to go online, how much it will cost, and how much it will earn a month later, all of which are the topics of their daily discussion. As a financial major, Kelvyn Young started a lot of digital currency, and most of the investment amount came from his online loan and part-time job. "I always wanted to hold my favorite currency for a long time, but I sold it every time I was in a hurry to use money. Generally, I couldn’t hold it for a month."

　　Kelvyn Young has joined four groups in order to attract colleagues and organize teams to speculate in coins, but one group after another has been "abolished", and the groups have gradually been screened by advertisements such as Tmall and Meituan coupons. Similarly, many entrepreneurial groups eventually become "advertising groups" or "pyramid schemes".

　　In the interview, the reporter found that fraudulent information with virtual currency as the gimmick frequently appeared. For example, the relevant responsible persons mostly endorsed the "virtual currency" credit by fictional various auras, promised high investment, and used WeChat group or QQ group to forward and promote publicity, and "brainwashed" investors. It is reported that in addition to the possible risks of virtual currency itself, there is still a kind of risk, that is, illegal fund-raising and online pyramid schemes under the banner of "virtual currency" investment. This requires college students who "speculate" to be more vigilant.

　　Certificate strategy group: "adding material" or "injecting water" for resume

　　Similar to the entrepreneurial group that shares blockchain information, the certificate raiders group shares the information and raiders of college students’ competitions nationwide. Enter keywords in the QQ search box, and there are no fewer than 100 such raiders groups, with an average of about 500 people in each group, and the members are mainly college students.

　　Chen Yu, the owner of a certificate strategy group and a student of Zhuhai College of Jilin University, told the reporter that most of them are VIP strategy groups that need to pay to join the group, and she just set up a completely public Q group to give back to the support of a group of "fans" and share the recent college student competitions held all over the country for free.

　　Carefully distinguish, the events shared by these groups also have high and low points.

　　In a certain group, group friends refer to the certificate raiders group as "award group" for short, and define the awards certified by official institutions as "hard core awards", which means that the awards have high gold content and can be obtained. On the contrary, they described some local competitions sponsored by non-governmental organizations as "water injection".

　　But no matter what kind of competition, the title is crowned with the name of "College Student Competition", which is aimed at college students from all over the country. If we don’t go deep into it, most of these "water injection" competitions can be noted as "national college students’ competitions", thus "rising" to national competitions in the resumes of the contestants.

　　Qiguang Wang, a 17th-grade student who has just won the "Excellent Award" in an advertising contest for college students, said frankly that the competition he participated in was not certified by the official organization. "But students in ordinary colleges like me can only rely on these seemingly national competitions without a national competition certificate, which is actually very &lsquo; Water injection &rsquo; The competition award for the resume &lsquo; Add some materials &rsquo; Otherwise, there is nothing to write. "

　　The administrator of a strategy group told the reporter, "Most of the strategies we have compiled are the strategies for lower-level rewards in some competitions. If we want to participate in some difficult competitions or get better rankings and awards, it is really not something that our 5 yuan VIP group can solve."

　　Game group: not only "open black" and "eat chicken"

　　Among the Q groups where college students are concentrated, game groups are the most popular and common.

　　Netizen "Ono" is 30 years old this year, but he is a college student the glory of the king game group owner. Talking about the original intention of building a group, he said that colleagues and friends around him hardly play games, and it would be naive to invite people to play together. "Fortunately, it is a good thing to start a college student game group, just like the younger ones &lsquo; Open black &rsquo; " .

　　Among all the game groups, the "Open Black Group" which brings together the glory of the king fans and the "Eat Chicken Group" which is a Jedi survival player are undoubtedly the most popular. In a group of 4371 college students, group friends are active in the group for almost 24 hours, and every day, they organize "masters" to lead the team to "open the black".

　　It is also a game group, and the national college students’ "Sudoku" (note: a logical game) group is slightly lonely. The group is full of pictures of nine squares, and it will take at least half an hour for someone to reply to a difficult problem. However, Deng Ziyao, a sophomore, is very grateful to his Sudoku group. She just joined the group last year, and now she has reached the level of participating in the national college students’ Sudoku competition. She attributed this obvious progress to the difficult problems and problem-solving ideas shared by Sudoku group every day, which provided her with advanced channels for being a "novice".

　　Perhaps different from what you think, many college students’ game development groups also show the painting style of "serious". Although they are called games, they focus on professional fields such as game planning, art design, model and level making. There is no sign of "opening the black" in the group. As long as irrelevant information such as advertisements and questionnaires appear, group members will be immediately banned for 72 hours. "Because what we want to form is a team with feelings, if you are the one." Group owner Jiao Ke said.

　　"Hi" is online, don’t be "cold" offline.

　　Q groups such as study group, game group and strategy group can be said to be a microcosm of college students’ extracurricular activities. In this virtual and anonymous space, the community trend of college students from all tribes is becoming more and more obvious, forming a huge network ecosystem of college students.

　　In this regard, Duan Zheng, a counselor of China Institute of Labor Relations, believes that the expansion of QQ group functions has produced new cultural phenomena. Lower entry threshold, larger communication platform and easier real-time interaction make post-95 college students happy to "find a home" here and seek a sense of identity in the acquisition and transmission of group information.

　　More specifically, Li Weihua, a teacher at the Center for Positive Psychological Experience of Beihang University, believes that communication on the Internet is more realistic, and the cost of time and space is lower, as well as the cost of emotional and psychological resources. For example, "When communicating face to face, the reaction of the person in front of me has a great influence on me. At this time, I have to think about this person’s real thoughts quickly and make appropriate responses, which requires courage, communication skills and psychological construction. In addition, the anonymity of the virtual world will also give the parties a lot of psychological protection and be relatively more free. "

　　But it has also caused many people’s concerns &mdash; &mdash; With the younger users of social media such as QQ group, these "online aborigines" are more comfortable in interpersonal communication, but in real communication, they are stumbling, timid, and even bored and afraid of real social communication, preferring to "open their hearts" to the cold screen. As Duan Zheng often sees, students with smooth communication in QQ group often fall into "social fear" in reality, and online personality is very different from offline personality.

　　In this regard, Duan Zheng believes that university teachers should pay attention to students’ ideological trends and hot topics on the Internet, strengthen guidance, and remind students to choose carefully when participating in group culture to avoid causing "social fear". (At the request of the interviewee, Chen Sifan, Chen Yu and Jiao Ke are all pseudonyms.)

Jing Zheng Fa [2022] No.23

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus, and municipal institutions:

　　The "Implementation Plan for Overall Prevention and Control of Epidemic Situation and Stable Economic Growth in Beijing" is hereby printed and distributed to you, please earnestly implement it.

the people’s government of beijing city　　　　

June 2, 2022　　

Beijing’s implementation plan for coordinating epidemic prevention and control and stabilizing economic growth

　　In order to implement the requirements of the CPC Central Committee that "the epidemic situation should be prevented, the economy should be stabilized and the development should be safe" and the relevant policies and measures for stabilizing the economy in the State Council, effectively coordinate the epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, coordinate the development and safety, stabilize the growth and market players to ensure employment, ensure the economic operation in a reasonable range, adhere to the "five-child" linkage service and integrate into the new development pattern, and promote the development of the capital in the new era, this implementation plan is specially formulated.

　　First, continue to increase efforts to help enterprises tide over difficulties and optimize the business environment, and make every effort to stabilize the economic fundamentals.

　　(A) the tax refund "direct enjoyment"

　　1. Strictly implement the national VAT credit and tax refund policy, take the initiative to serve, accurately push information "one-on-one", and handle the whole process online to ensure that the eligible enterprise stock credit tax should be refunded before June 30, 2022. (Responsible units: Beijing Municipal Taxation Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Business Management Department of People’s Bank of China)

　　(B) social insurance premiums and housing provident fund "should be slowed down."

　　2. In accordance with the national social insurance premium holdover policy and the requirements for expanding the scope, enterprises in poor industries, small and medium-sized enterprises with difficulties in scientific and technological innovation, other small and medium-sized enterprises with difficulties in production and operation affected by the epidemic, individual industrial and commercial households participating in the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, institutions and social organizations will be holdover, and the application conditions of enterprises with difficulties will be clarified, the scope of enjoyment will be expanded, and the handling procedures will be simplified by means of voluntary application and written commitment. The holdover period of pension, unemployment and work-related injury insurance premiums will be until the end of 2022. (Responsible units: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau and Beijing Taxation Bureau)

　　3. Enterprises and other employers affected by the epidemic can apply for holdover of housing provident fund according to regulations, and the holdover period is from April to December, 2022. During the holdover period, the paid workers will normally withdraw and apply for housing provident fund loans, which will not be affected by holdover. Workers who rent commercial housing without their own houses in this city can withdraw the housing provident fund according to the actual rent paid, which is not limited by the monthly deposit amount of the depositor. If the personal housing provident fund loan cannot be repaid normally due to the epidemic situation, it will not be overdue, and the credit record will not be affected, and the penalty interest will be exempted. (Responsible unit: Municipal Housing Provident Fund Management Center)

　　(C) State-owned rent relief "enjoy upon application"

　　4. In 2022, small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households that rent all kinds of state-owned houses in Beijing, which are registered in Beijing or pay taxes in Beijing, will be reduced or exempted for three months. Among them, those who rent state-owned houses in Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai, Fangshan, Tongzhou and Daxing, which are listed as high-risk areas in the epidemic, will be reduced or exempted for six months. Eligible supermarket chains, convenience stores and catering enterprises shall be implemented in stores. Collective enterprises in this Municipality shall be implemented by each district in light of the actual situation. If the science and technology incubators renting non-state-owned houses reduce or exempt the rent for small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, they will be subsidized according to 50% of the total rent reduction and exemption, of which 20% will be borne by the municipal level and 30% by the district level. Encourage all districts to give certain subsidies to non-state-owned housing owners or business management entities that reduce or exempt rents for small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households. Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) and all districts set up special classes for rent reduction and exemption, announce contact information, coordinate the implementation of supervision policies, and ensure that rent-free measures benefit the final tenant operators. (Responsible units: Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Municipal Bureau of Organs Affairs, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Finance Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

　　(D) Water and electricity "arrears for non-stop"

　　5. For small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households that fail to pay in time due to the epidemic, the overdue payment period will be until the end of 2022, and the late payment fee will be exempted during the deferred payment period. Reduce the average broadband and private line tariffs of small and medium-sized enterprises by another 10%. (Responsible units: Municipal Urban Management Committee, Municipal Water Affairs Bureau, Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, Municipal Communications Administration, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

　　(E) Run a "financing through train"

　　6. In 2022, the growth rate of Pratt & Whitney small and micro loans was more than 10 percentage points higher than that of various loans. Combine online and offline to improve the convenience and coverage of the first loan subsidy. We will implement the policy of shortening the acceptance period of commercial bills from one year to six months and increase rediscount. (Responsible units: Business Management Department of People’s Bank of China, Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau, Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology, Municipal Government Affairs Service Bureau and Municipal Finance Bureau)

　　7. Encourage financial institutions to postpone the repayment of principal and interest for small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, truck drivers’ loans and personal housing and consumer loans affected by the epidemic, simplify the application procedures, support online processing, not downgrade the loan risk classification due to the epidemic factors, not affect the credit record, and waive the penalty interest. (Responsible units: Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau, Business Management Department of People’s Bank of China, and Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau)

　　8. Increase the support of financing guarantee for small and medium-sized enterprises. If the newly applied bank loans for small and medium-sized enterprises in the service industry that are greatly affected by the epidemic are guaranteed by government financing guarantee institutions in 2022, the guarantee fee will be charged at the rate of 0.5%, and the guarantee fee for policy-based entrepreneurial guarantee projects will be exempted, and the government financing guarantee institutions will provide compensation of no more than 20% of the total compensation actually incurred. (Responsible units: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology)

　　9. Encourage insurance institutions to set up enterprise epidemic insurance, and pay a certain amount of compensation for enterprises that are insured and stop production or business due to sudden epidemic. Vigorously promote inclusive commercial health insurance to provide supplementary protection for basic medical insurance. Accelerate the landing of new business insurance pilot products such as platform economy and sharing economy. (Responsible units: Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau, Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, Municipal Medical Insurance Bureau, Municipal Economic and Information Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　(6) Optimize the business environment "grounding gas"

　　10. Introduce some measures to help enterprises out of difficulties and optimize the business environment, expand the application of online examination and approval services, electronic seals and electronic licenses, improve the service level of "one network to run", and realize the policy of "taking the initiative", "speeding up" and "facilitating". If the production license of industrial products expires during the epidemic period, the validity period will be automatically extended after the online commitment of the enterprise. If the food production license (non-special food) expires, the validity period will be extended by 6 months. If the food production license (special food) and food business license cannot be renewed in time in the closed control area, the validity period will be extended to 30 days after the closure control is lifted. Acts of dishonesty caused by the epidemic, such as administrative punishment and deferred repayment of loans, are not included in credit records and credit records, and convenient services for enterprises that have been subjected to administrative punishment and publicized are opened. Make good use of the 12345 enterprise service hotline to provide enterprises with policy consultation, acceptance and handling, supervision and feedback, and return visit to evaluate the whole chain service, so as to realize "enterprises have a call and the government should respond". (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Affairs Service Bureau, Municipal Economic and Information Bureau, Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　11. Consolidate the three-level "service package" work system of city, district and street (township), improve the visiting service system, actively play the role of industry and territorial stewards, improve the dynamic solution mechanism of enterprise demands, and continuously improve the development ability of governments at all levels to coordinate services for enterprises. Stabilize the development of headquarters enterprises in Beijing and guide enterprises to arrange a number of major projects in Beijing that are in line with the strategic positioning of the capital city. Support the development of innovative enterprises, increase support in R&D innovation, scenario application, financing and listing, and accelerate the cultivation of a number of unicorn, "specialized and innovative" and "invisible champion" enterprises. (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, departments in charge of various industries, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　12. Carry out the special action of clearing the debts of small and medium-sized enterprises. If there is no disagreement and the debts are found to be paid together, the repayment plan will be clarified before June 30, 2022, and it is strictly forbidden for government investment projects to be in arrears. (Responsible units: Municipal Economic and Information Technology Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　13. Accelerate the progress of fiscal expenditure, reduce general expenditures such as meetings, training and travel, and fully recover all kinds of surplus carry-over funds in accordance with regulations, and make overall plans for areas in urgent need such as epidemic prevention and control, helping enterprises to bail out difficulties, etc. (Responsible units: Municipal Finance Bureau, municipal departments, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, district governments)

　　14. Increase the inclination of public procurement, and expand the consortium bidding and reasonable subcontracting for government procurement projects, so as to lower the participation threshold of small and medium-sized enterprises. Increase the price deduction ratio of government procurement of goods and services for small and micro enterprises to 10%-20%. For goods and services procurement projects with more than 2 million yuan and engineering procurement projects with more than 4 million yuan, more than 40% of the total budget is reserved for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the proportion reserved for small and micro enterprises is not less than 70%. Trade union funds and other public funds shall be implemented with reference. (Responsible units: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Federation of Trade Unions, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　15. Fully promote electronic bidding. If it is difficult to determine the bid evaluation experts by random sampling during the epidemic period, the tenderee may determine the experts for bid evaluation according to law. We will fully implement letter of guarantee (insurance) instead of cash to pay deposit, and encourage tenderers (purchasers) to exempt small and medium-sized enterprises with good credit from bid guarantee. (Responsible unit: relevant industry authorities, municipal public resources trading center)

　　Second, focus on getting through key blocking points to promote the safety and stability of the industrial chain supply chain.

　　(1) Effectively coordinating epidemic prevention and control, production and operation.

　　16. Actively, steadily and orderly promote the resumption of work and production, adhere to the general policy of "dynamic clearing", and implement social prevention and control measures in different regions and levels. Update and dynamically adjust the epidemic prevention and control guidelines according to the scene classification, and timely solve the practical difficulties caused by the epidemic prevention and control of enterprises that have resumed work, supporting enterprises to resume work, logistics and transportation, and returning to Beijing. Guide more enterprises to formulate closed-loop production plans, optimize production processes with minimum production units, minimum personnel grouping, and staggered shifts, so as to improve the ability of enterprises to resist the impact of the epidemic. The living quarters and construction areas of major projects will be managed separately, and new employees in Beijing will live in independent areas to ensure that the construction progress will not be delayed and the quality will not be discounted. (Responsible unit: municipal departments and district governments)

　　17. Improve the "white list" system for key enterprises with hierarchical classification and dynamic management, strive for more key enterprises in this city and upstream and downstream enterprises to be included in the "white list" protection scope of the national industrial chain supply chain, and establish a "white list pool" for enterprises with mutual recognition, interoperability, mutual supply and mutual insurance in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. Establish a "white list" of two important functional enterprises, epidemic prevention materials production enterprises, urban operation guarantee enterprises, industrial chain leaders and supply chain front-end enterprises in urban areas. (Responsible units: prevention and control group for resumption of work and production, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Cooperation Office, relevant industry authorities, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

　　(2) Make every effort to ensure smooth communication.

　　18. Strictly implement the "white list" system for drivers and passengers of freight vehicles and the closed-loop management mode of "taking, leaving and chasing", and accurately assign codes to the green belt * number of communication itinerary cards. Increase the issuance of national unified standard passes, and all enterprises that guarantee the transportation of people’s livelihood materials and productive materials should be issued. For short-board projects of public and basic logistics infrastructure and cold chain logistics facilities construction projects, we will increase the municipal government’s fixed assets investment and local government’s special bond support. Make preparations for the opening of emergency materials transfer stations in the city and Hebei Province at any time, and the construction and operation funds shall be borne by government funds. Study and establish a tripartite sharing mechanism for the transportation cost difference of key goods such as mining and construction materials "revolving iron" among the government, railway departments and enterprises. We will continue to implement the policy of exempting vegetables and some types of domestic fruits from entrance fees in the wholesale market. (Responsible units: Municipal Transportation Commission, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Municipal Communications Administration, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Economic and Information Technology Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　19. Implement the national financial subsidy policy for domestic passenger flight operation in stages in 2022. We will resume domestic and international air passenger flights in this city in a safe and orderly manner, and actively strive to open more flights on international freight routes in this city. In view of the demand for high-end supply chains such as biomedicine, integrated circuits, consumer electronics and automobiles, some financial subsidies will be given to aviation enterprises to increase all-cargo flights, improve ground supporting services and actively reduce aviation logistics costs. (Responsible unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, relevant industry authorities)

　　(3) Accelerate the layout of industrial chains in key areas of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cooperation.

　　20. Carry out the action of strengthening the chain of high-tech industries, and provide a package of support for leading enterprises to improve the supply and demand capacity of the industrial chain in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei around key areas. Make full use of industrial guidance funds and other means to promote a number of emerging industrial projects such as new energy vehicles, biomedicine, next-generation information technology and industrial internet to land in the modern capital metropolitan area. Promote the construction of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei National Technology Innovation Center, and promote in-depth cooperation among the three places in industrial common technology research and development and application of results. (Responsible units: Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Cooperation Office, Municipal Finance Bureau)

　　Third, give full play to the leading role of advantageous enterprises and continuously improve the development level of high-tech industries.

　　(A) to promote the healthy and sustainable development of platform enterprises.

　　21. Support platform enterprises to participate in the construction of smart cities and land a number of smart transportation, smart business districts, smart blocks and smart home application scenarios. Guide the scientific and technological transformation of key platform enterprises, support enterprises to cooperate with national laboratories, state key laboratories, new research and development institutions and universities, accelerate technological research and development breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, cloud computing, blockchain, operating systems and processors, and support platform enterprises to participate in the construction of new computing systems. Support platform enterprises to promote digital retail, social e-commerce, online fitness, online diagnosis and treatment, cloud tourism, cloud exhibition, cloud performance and other new digital economic models, expand the "internet plus" consumption scene, and accelerate the integrated development of home life and home office. Support the listing of local enterprises in Hong Kong, and promote the overseas listing of qualified platform enterprises according to laws and regulations. (Responsible units: Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism, Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, Beijing Securities Regulatory Bureau)

　　(B) Support the development of innovative enterprises

　　22. Increase financing support for innovative enterprises, unblock S funds to expand secondary market transactions such as mergers and acquisitions by relying on Beijing Equity Exchange and Beijing Equity Exchange Center, support financial institutions to strengthen cooperation with external investment institutions according to laws and regulations, actively explore diversified financial service models, and guide private equity funds and venture capital institutions to increase financing support for science and technology enterprises. Optimize the application process and use conditions of the special product "Jingchuangtong" for bill rediscount of science and technology enterprises. (Responsible units: Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, Beijing Securities Regulatory Bureau, Business Management Department of People’s Bank of China, Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee and Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission)

　　23. Accelerate the disbursement of funds for science and technology projects in Beijing, revise the series of financial support policies for Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, implement application policies such as "the first set", "the first batch" and "the first stream", and increase support for enterprise technology research and development investment, achievement transformation and concept verification. (Responsible units: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Economic and Information Bureau, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

　　24. Support the landing of a number of intelligent and green digital technological transformation projects, give grading support of no more than 30% of the total investment to qualified "Xinzhizhao100" projects and green and low-carbon projects, and give rewards of no more than 20% of the contract value to "specialized and innovative" digital empowerment projects for small and medium-sized enterprises. (Responsible unit: Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology, Municipal Finance Bureau)

　　25. For enterprises in regions and industries that are seriously affected by the epidemic to apply for listing on the Beijing Stock Exchange and the national share transfer system, the docking of special personnel will be implemented, that is, the report will be tried immediately and the trial will be issued immediately. Support the Beijing Stock Exchange to waive the annual listing fee for listed companies in 2022, strengthen the submission of electronic materials in the review process, and appropriately accommodate enterprises whose performance has fallen sharply due to the epidemic. (Responsible units: Beijing Securities Regulatory Bureau, Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, Xicheng District Government)

　　(C) "two areas" to promote the development of foreign trade

　　26. Further promote the opening of the whole industrial chain and the reform of all links in key areas of the "two zones", strengthen the protection of land, water and energy for foreign-funded projects, and support foreign-funded R&D centers registered in specific areas of Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone to enjoy tax concessions on technology transfer income in accordance with relevant regulations. Support high-tech enterprises such as "specialization and novelty", enterprises recognized by the state as high-tech enterprises and foreign trade enterprises registered in the free trade zone to explore the international market, study and promote the opening and operation of China-Europe trains, and realize "one thing" integrated services for customs clearance matters such as document declaration and cargo inspection. Do a good job in helping foreign trade enterprises out, make good use of the short-term export credit insurance tools of China Export Credit Insurance Corporation, increase the inclination to small and medium-sized micro-foreign trade enterprises, reduce the comprehensive guarantee rate of foreign trade guarantee service platform enterprises to below 1.5%, and discount 50% for enterprises to use trade financing under the pledge of export credit insurance policies and financing through foreign trade guarantee service platform within the limit. Establish a comprehensive service management platform for foreigners, and integrate the work permit and work and residence permit business for foreigners in China. (Responsible units: Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Investment Promotion Center, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Financial Supervision Bureau, Business Management Department of People’s Bank of China, Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Beijing Customs, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

　　Fourth, promote the construction of major projects and increase effective investment.

　　(1) Focus on expanding investment in key areas.

　　27. Expand productive investment, accelerate the construction progress of key functional areas and urban sub-centers, and promote the completion of a number of major projects in the fields of integrated circuits, new energy vehicles, medicine and health, such as the upgrading of Beijing Benz automobile manufacturing and BOE Life Science and Technology Innovation Center. Forward-looking layout of new infrastructure, promote the construction of super computing centers such as Chaoyang and Haidian, start construction of Beijing Yuanbo Digital Economy Industrial Park, Zhongguancun Jingxi Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center and other projects, and accelerate the construction and deployment of integrated pico-base station systems. (Responsible units: Municipal Economic and Information Technology Bureau, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Communications Administration, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and relevant district governments)

　　28. Stimulate the vitality of urban renewal investment, promote the introduction of urban renewal regulations, establish a cross-project overall implementation mechanism, and reasonably guide the functional mixing of blocks, land use compatibility and architectural function transformation. We will introduce planning land incentive policies such as revitalizing the use of existing state-owned construction land and mixing functions. The policy of rebuilding dilapidated buildings was introduced, and the scale of the complete renovation project of dilapidated buildings must meet the requirements of building scale control, and each district should file it separately. In addition to improving living conditions, the scale increase can be used to build shared property houses or affordable rental houses. Strive to start 300 projects and complete 100 old residential renovation projects in 2022, and introduce social capital to participate in 40 old residential renovation pilot projects. (Responsible units: Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Committee, and district governments)

　　29. Formulate an implementation plan to promote the construction of modern infrastructure system, sort out and form a list of major projects to be started during the year in the fields of rail transit, energy, water supply, logistics facilities, etc., and submit for approval in advance to implement the qualified rail transit phase III project. We will promote substantial progress in major projects such as Anli Road, Chengping Expressway, Jingmi Expressway, Lize Terminal, Hot Spring Water Plant, and Wenchao River Reduction. Plan a number of new major projects around the areas of smooth traffic connection in key functional areas, filling the shortcomings of urban internal infrastructure, and upgrading and upgrading old pipe networks. (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Cooperation Office, Municipal Major Projects Office, Municipal Transportation Commission, Municipal Urban Management Committee, Municipal Water Affairs Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Commerce and relevant district governments)

　　(B) continue to stimulate private investment

　　30. During the year, private capital participation projects in key areas were publicly introduced to the public in two batches. By the end of June 2022, the first batch of projects were introduced with a total investment of more than 100 billion yuan. Support the state-owned capital operation platform to reasonably expand the financing scale, focusing on strategic industries and major projects in this city. (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and district governments)

　　(3) Improve the landing efficiency of investment projects

　　31. Strengthen the examination and approval service and factor guarantee of investment projects, simplify and speed up the examination and approval procedures for major investment projects by means of informing commitments and accepting vacancies. Optimize the examination and approval procedures of government investment projects, which involve the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation and the occupation of forest land and green space, and be guaranteed through land reclamation and municipal overall planning. In the first half of the year, the second batch of commercial residential land will be supplied centrally, and in the second half of the year, two batches of land supply will be completed, and the construction of affordable housing projects will be accelerated. Formulate a work plan to further coordinate the planning and reserve of special bonds and other projects. In 2022, the special bonds will be issued before the end of June and basically used before the end of August, and the physical workload will be formed as soon as possible. Promote the issuance and listing of more qualified real estate investment trust funds (REITs) projects in the infrastructure sector. Strengthen the docking with policy development banks, support the use of insurance funds in Beijing, and strive for more medium and long-term loans and long-term funds to support the construction of major projects in this city. (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Commission, Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening, Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Municipal Water Affairs Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Committee, Municipal Finance Bureau, Business Management Department of People’s Bank of China, Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau, Beijing Securities Regulatory Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

　　32. Strengthen the planning and reserve of major projects, complete the collection and reserve of two batches of major investment projects in combination with the "14th Five-Year Plan" year, do the preparatory work and ensure the real factors, and promote the construction of a number of major projects in the approval stage of construction application in advance, forming a rolling succession mechanism of "implementing one batch, reserving one batch and planning one batch". (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, relevant industry authorities, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　Five, speed up the recovery of bulk consumption and new consumption, and make greater efforts to tap the consumption potential.

　　(1) Vigorously promote mass consumption such as automobiles.

　　33. For passenger cars with a displacement of 2.0 liters or less whose purchase date is from June 1 to December 31, 2022 and the bicycle price (excluding value-added tax) does not exceed 300,000 yuan, the vehicle purchase tax will be levied by half. We will introduce some measures to promote the circulation of used cars, and improve the policy of eliminating and updating old motor vehicles. Before the end of 2022, passenger cars that have been scrapped or transferred out of the city and registered in my name for more than one year will be purchased in the automobile sales enterprises in this city, and individual consumers who are licensed in this city will be given a subsidy of no more than 10,000 yuan/set, and the required funds will be borne by the urban two levels of finance respectively. (Responsible units: Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Beijing Taxation Bureau, Municipal Transportation Commission, Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Municipal Public Security Traffic Management Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, Municipal Finance Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　34. Adhere to the principle of "housing without speculation", ensure the demand for rigid housing, meet the reasonable demand for improved housing, and stabilize land prices, house prices and expectations. Promote enterprises to convert existing commercial housing into talent rental housing and affordable rental housing supporting key functional areas and industrial parks. Relying on the intelligent information collection system, establish a "white list" system for home improvement enterprises and home improvement personnel, implement the requirements of "one boarding and three inspections" for employees of "bulk construction", safely and orderly release home decoration construction, and effectively promote home improvement, home and household appliances consumption. (Responsible units: Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Committee, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　(B) actively cultivate new digital consumption

　　35. Formulate and implement a work plan to promote the energy level of digital consumption, list the occupations that are in urgent need of shortage in the field of live broadcast e-commerce in the relevant human resources catalogue of this Municipality, and encourage all districts to give rent subsidies and financial incentives to qualified high-quality live broadcast e-commerce service institutions. Promote the speed-up and fee reduction of office and home networks. A new batch of green energy-saving consumer vouchers will be collected from participating enterprises, a number of applicable electronic product models will be added, the policy implementation cycle will be extended, and products such as smart office, smart home and mobile smart terminals will be developed and promoted with preferential promotions. (Responsible units: Municipal Bureau of Economic and Information Technology, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, Municipal Communications Administration, Municipal Finance Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　(3) Promote the recovery of consumption of catering, culture, sports and entertainment.

　　36. Promote the resumption of development of catering enterprises, issue catering vouchers jointly with take-away platform enterprises, and subsidize the expenses related to the suspension of restaurant catering merchants reduced by platform enterprises in June 2022. For catering enterprises included in the development projects and support scope of the city’s life service industry, the maximum financial support is 50% of the actual investment. Encourage all districts to give certain subsidies to the environmental regular nucleic acid detection expenses and daily epidemic prevention expenses of catering enterprises in combination with the actual situation. (Responsible units: Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Finance Bureau, Administrative Committee of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, and district governments)

　　37. Hold the 10th Huimin Cultural Consumption Season and promote cultural consumption. Encourage tourism platform enterprises and travel agencies to develop summer youth outdoor sports, popular science, culture and other practical projects. Create 20 "Summer in Beijing Suburbs" rural tourism boutique routes, and launch 10 "micro-holiday" destinations such as Yanqing Summer Resort and Miyun Leisure. Support the development of boutique homestays, and each ecological conservation area will land 1-2 ecological cultural tourism projects during the year. (Responsible units: Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism, Propaganda Department of Municipal Party Committee, Municipal Sports Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Cultural Resources Center, and district governments)

　　Sixth, take multiple measures to broaden employment channels and firmly grasp the bottom line of social and people’s livelihood.

　　(1) Strengthen the employment service guarantee for key groups.

　　38. This year and next, the state-owned enterprises in this Municipality will achieve a certain proportion of growth in recruiting college graduates, and stabilize the scale of recruiting college graduates in the organs and institutions affiliated to this Municipality. Excavate a number of jobs such as grassroots pension services and social work, and support universities, research institutes and enterprises to expand the scale of research assistant positions. Support people with college education or above to apply for community workers, rural revitalization assistants in ecological conservation areas and nursing posts in community health service centers. (Responsible units: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Municipal Education Commission, Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Civil Affairs Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

　　39. Employers recruit college graduates from this city in the graduation year, and those who meet the requirements will be given social insurance subsidies. Recruiting college graduates in this city in the graduation year, signing labor contracts and participating in unemployment insurance will be given a one-time subsidy of 1,500 yuan per person, and the implementation period of the policy will be until the end of 2022. (Responsible units: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　40. During the year, 50,000 new rural laborers were employed to participate in urban employee insurance. Deepen cross-regional docking and supporting service guarantee, further tap urban job resources, and give priority to absorbing rural labor employment. Strengthen the resettlement of rural public welfare posts, and promote the stable employment of rural labor in the local area. Actively promote seasonal fruits and vegetables in rural areas. (Responsible units: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and relevant district governments)

　　41. Expand the strength of community work, temporarily recruit employees in industries such as accommodation, catering, recreation, tourism, exhibitions, education and training, retail, etc., participate in the prevention and control of epidemic situation in the community part-time, and give appropriate subsidies. Give play to the role of shared employment platform, timely meet the needs of enterprises for employment adjustment, support platform enterprises to provide flexible employment positions for enterprises affected by the epidemic, such as catering, cultural tourism, exhibitions, etc., and carry out pilot projects for occupational injury protection for employees in new employment forms. (Responsible units: Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Civil Affairs Bureau, Municipal Economic and Information Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Finance Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　(B) to improve the level of safe operation of the city

　　42. Complete the three-year action plan to strengthen the construction of the public health emergency management system in the capital, and consolidate and improve the emergency work mechanism of "fighting by districts", "fighting by schools" and "fighting by enterprises". We will continue to strengthen the construction of public health emergency response capacity, and accelerate the construction of epidemic prevention and control infrastructure such as centralized isolation facilities, shelter hospitals, nucleic acid detection facilities, negative pressure wards, fever clinics, first-aid stations, and comprehensive information platforms. We will promote the relocation of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the emergency places for epidemic prevention and control and major events, the public health clinical center, the renovation and upgrading of ditan hospital, and the renovation of public toilets in bungalows. (Responsible units: Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Commission, Municipal Major Projects Office, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Urban Management Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

　　43. Do a good job in ensuring the supply and price stability of daily necessities such as rice flour oil, vegetables, meat, eggs and milk. The annual consumer price index rose by about 3%. We will implement a linkage mechanism linking social assistance and security standards with price increases, and pay temporary price subsidies in full and on time when the starting conditions are met. Reasonably raise the minimum living standard of this city in 2022. (Responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Civil Affairs Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Veterans Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Administrative Committee, and district governments)

　　44. Ensure food and energy security, timely issue one-time subsidies to farmers who actually grow grain, start grain purchase according to the market situation, and ensure that the planting areas of grain, soybeans and vegetables reach 1 million mu, 42,000 mu and 750,000 mu respectively. Implement the task of storing energy resources such as refined oil by local governments. Accelerate the construction of energy projects in this city. (Responsible units: Municipal Grain and Reserve Bureau, Municipal Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Municipal Urban Management Committee, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Finance Bureau, and district governments)

　　45. Deepen the special rectification actions for safety production, carry out the city’s safety inspection in a down-to-earth manner, strictly guard against safety accidents in traffic, construction and gas, carry out special rectification for the safety of self-built houses, and effectively protect people’s lives and property. (Responsible units: Municipal Emergency Bureau, Public Security Traffic Management Bureau of Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Committee, Municipal Urban Management Committee, Municipal Fire and Rescue Corps, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Management Committee, and district governments)

　　This implementation plan shall come into force as of the date of promulgation and shall be valid until December 31, 2022 (if the state has relevant regulations or specific measures specify the implementation period, such regulations shall prevail).

Cctv newsAccording to the website of the National Bureau of Statistics, 1&mdash; In April, the total profits of industrial enterprises above designated size in China reached 2,658.23 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.5%.

　　1&mdash; In April, among the industrial enterprises above designated size, the state-owned holding enterprises realized a total profit of 921.95 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.9%; Joint-stock enterprises realized a total profit of 1,996.15 billion yuan, an increase of 10.7%; Foreign-invested and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan-invested enterprises realized a total profit of 603.06 billion yuan, down by 16.2%; The total profit of private enterprises was 765.14 billion yuan, down by 0.6%.

　　1&mdash; In April, the mining industry achieved a total profit of 543.57 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1.46 times; The manufacturing industry realized a total profit of 1,981.92 billion yuan, down by 8.3%; The electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries realized a total profit of 132.73 billion yuan, down by 29.3%.

　　1&mdash; In April, among the 41 major industrial sectors, the total profit of 19 industries increased year-on-year, while that of 20 industries decreased. One industry turned from loss to profit, and one industry remained flat. The profits of major industries are as follows: the total profit of coal mining and washing industry increased by 1.99 times year-on-year, the oil and natural gas mining industry increased by 1.38 times, the non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry increased by 40.3%, the chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry increased by 14.8%, the electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 7.7%, the non-metallic mineral products industry increased by 2.9%, the textile industry increased by 1.0%, and the special equipment manufacturing industry decreased by 0.8%. The computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries declined by 2.9%, agricultural and sideline food processing industries by 10.2%, general equipment manufacturing industries by 24.0%, petroleum, coal and other fuel processing industries by 29.4%, power and heat production and supply industries by 33.0%, automobile manufacturing industries by 33.4% and ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industries by 55.7%.

　　1&mdash; In April, industrial enterprises above designated size realized operating income of 41.85 trillion yuan, up 9.7% year-on-year; The operating cost was 35.28 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.6%; The profit rate of operating income was 6.35%, down 0.38 percentage points year-on-year.

　　At the end of April, the assets of industrial enterprises above designated size totaled 146.02 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.4%; Total liabilities were 82.51 trillion yuan, up by 10.4%; Owners’ equity totaled 63.51 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.5%; The asset-liability ratio was 56.5%, which was flat year-on-year.

　　At the end of April, the accounts receivable of industrial enterprises above designated size was 19.20 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.4%; The inventory of finished products was 5.79 trillion yuan, an increase of 20.0%.

　　1&mdash; In April, the cost per 100 yuan of operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 84.30 yuan, an increase of 0.70 yuan year-on-year; The cost per 100 yuan of operating income was 7.97 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 0.51 yuan.

　　At the end of April, the operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size per 100 yuan of assets was 87.1 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 0.6 yuan; The per capita operating income was 1.68 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 144,000 yuan; The turnover days of finished goods inventory was 19.0 days, an increase of 1.3 days year-on-year; The average payback period of accounts receivable was 54.5 days, an increase of 1.9 days year-on-year.