Looking for dark matter, machines are better than human eyes. A recent paper published in Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology shows that the deep learning AI framework jointly developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (hereinafter referred to as Berkeley Laboratory) can explore the signs of dark matter in the universe.

　　In recent years, artificial intelligence has been increasingly applied to astronomical research. Deep learning requires massive amounts of data, and astronomy is the field where AI shows its talents. Machines can find a needle for human beings from the vast ocean and capture new stars, new extraterrestrial planets and even dark matter.

　　Recognizing the "gravitational lens", AI has made contributions.

　　Finding "gravitational lens" is the basic method to study the distribution of dark matter. An object with a huge mass will distort the passing light like a lens, and if we find out this distortion, we can capture the non-luminous mass.

　　The paper shows that CosmoGAN, a deep learning AI framework established by Berkeley Lab, can analyze the relationship between gravitational lens and dark matter. It can create high fidelity and weak gravitational lens convergence diagram.

　　Once upon a time, it was troublesome to find the simulation and data processing needed for the "gravitational lens". Twenty scientists spent months looking at only a small space image. Physical simulation takes billions of computing hours and takes up megabytes of disk space.

　　The progress of neural network provides opportunities. The team led by Berkeley Lab introduced a "generative confrontation network (GANs)". Researcher Mustafa said: "There are other deep learning methods that can get convergence graphs from many images, but compared with competitive methods, GANs generates very high-resolution images while still having the high efficiency of neural networks."

　　Now, astronomers can use CosmoGAN to analyze a much larger sky area, and the speed is faster.

　　CosmoGAN is not the only astronomical deep learning neural network that has made progress. For example, the University of Toronto used deep learning technology to analyze satellite images of lunar craters, and the neural network of P8 supercomputer discovered 6,000 new craters in just a few hours, twice the number of craters discovered by humans in the past decades. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign uses deep learning to detect and analyze gravitational waves of black hole collisions. AI blooms everywhere in astronomy.

　　There is too much data to play without a machine.

　　In the past few years, most directions in the field of astronomy have tried to use artificial intelligence. Considering the amount of data that astronomy has to deal with, this is a natural idea. Let the machine practice to analyze clues, otherwise, astronomy in the future will not work.

　　The 2019 GPU Technology Conference held not long ago attracted artificial intelligence scholars all over the world. Brent Robertson, an astronomer from the University of California, Santa Cruz, was invited to give a speech at the conference. He pointed out: "Astronomy is at the cusp of a new data revolution". Robertson believes that the new generation of astronomical instruments must cooperate with the new generation of software driven by deep learning.

　　For example, the large-caliber all-day patrol telescope (LSST) is expected to run in three years. It toured 37 billion galaxies in the southern half of the universe, generating a ten-year uninterrupted video. LSST is equipped with a 3.2 billion pixel camera, which generates 25TB of data every night, which is equivalent to all the data contributed by the advanced astronomical telescope in a lifetime.

　　Another example is the Square Kilometer Array Radio Telescope (SKA). It is spread all over the world, some antennas are deployed in eight countries in southern Africa, and more than one million antennas are located in Australia and New Zealand. Its raw data reaches 5000 PB every day, and there are about 50 PB after processing.

　　"Dark Energy Survey" compiles star maps of hundreds of millions of galaxies; "Gaia" satellite surveying and mapping stars with galactic coefficient of one billion; The "Zwicky" project can scan 3,750 square degrees of sky every hour. In China, the daily data volume of FAST will reach 150TB；; Guo Shoujing telescope has observed 9.01 million spectra, which is the largest celestial spectrum library in the world … …

　　Capture patterns that humans can’t see.

　　There are more and more data, and scientists try to aggregate them. However, at the GPU conference, Robertson said that in the future, several large astronomical telescopes will produce a large amount of data together, which is too complicated for human beings to directly use after aggregation. Scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, tried to solve this problem. Morpheus deep learning framework created by a doctoral student in computer science department can classify celestial bodies pixel by pixel based on the original data of telescope.

　　Scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, also use AI to better study the formation of galaxies. In a study published in early 2019, scientists trained computers with computer-simulated galaxies to learn three key stages of galaxy evolution. Later, computer analysis of galaxy images from the Hubble Space Telescope performed surprisingly well.

　　Artificial intelligence is applied to face recognition. After training with massive data, you can recognize this person’s makeup and old age according to a photo. And many images in the universe can be classified in the same way.

　　"Deep learning can look for patterns, and machines can see very complicated patterns that humans can’t see." David Ku, a scientist involved in the research, said, "We hope to further test this method. In the proof-of-concept study, the machine seems to have successfully found the different stages of galaxy evolution determined in the simulation in the data. "

　　Help astronomers find another solar system

　　A report at the end of 2018 showed that Google artificial intelligence made efforts to find new planets from Kepler’s exoplanet observation database. Planets are hard to find. Kepler satellite in space observes 145,000 sun-like stars, and finds planets from the faint changes of star brightness. The data recorded for four years includes about 35,000 suspected planetary records. Astronomers use machines combined with human eyes to identify, but the darkest and weakest signals are often ignored.

　　With the help of Google AI, we discovered two new planets, Kepler 90i and Kepler 80g. Kepler 90 was also recognized as the first exogalaxy with at least eight planets.

　　Neural network and machine learning processed 14 billion data points, and then successfully screened out candidates.

　　NASA and Google say that new technologies will find more exoplanets in the future. NASA also said that there is no need to worry about astronomers losing their jobs. Jesse Dotson, a scientist at NASA, explained that astronomers need to classify data before they are provided to neural networks, so that artificial intelligence can learn and analyze new information from them.

　　Dotson said: "AI will definitely work with astronomers in the future and become an indispensable tool."

　　Of course, machine learning also brings the risk of "black box": we get the answer, but we don’t know why the machine makes such a judgment, and maybe the answer is wrong. Machines make mistakes. Astronomers will continue to train and adapt to it.

　　Extended reading

　　Expert comments

　　Deep learning does not have "physical intuition"

　　Indeed, artificial intelligence has now penetrated into all branches of astronomy and astrophysics. At present, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the United States can quickly judge the basic cosmological constants such as dark matter and dark energy according to the three-dimensional density distribution of the universe by using deep learning. They found that after applying artificial intelligence, the statistical error is much smaller than that of the traditional statistical methods. In addition, we also use deep learning to search for hydrogen and carbon elements in the early universe in the spectrum with extremely low signal-to-noise ratio, and find that it is better than the traditional method.

　　At the same time, astronomers are also applying deep learning to help us judge the three-dimensional position and distance of celestial bodies, and then outline the large-scale structure of three-dimensional space. It is found that deep learning may be stronger than the traditional methods we used before in mining data and information. Artificial intelligence has also been applied to the field of detecting exoplanets by Google, and several exoplanets … … It can be said that artificial intelligence is now widely used in the frontier field of astrophysics.

　　But from the physicist’s point of view, artificial intelligence based on deep learning may also have its limitations. This limitation is that it can only play a role in a specific field that has been very clearly defined based on data. Only under the guidance of physicists, we can make the error bar of statistics smaller and estimate a certain quantity more accurately, but at present we can’t guide us to discover the new physical laws behind the data. Nor does it have a "physical intuition" based on beauty, symmetry and simplicity that is unique to humans.

　　To give a simple example, for example, Kepler’s observation data based on Tycho can find Kepler’s third law, and even the best machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms at present may be difficult to repeat this discovery based on the same data.

　　Therefore, I think that the essence of the application of deep learning in astronomy is still limited to doing better statistics and fitting.

　　(Professor Cai Wei, Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University)

　　The second stand

　　Many people find that after a few days of use, the mobile phone battery charges faster and faster, but the standby time is getting shorter and shorter. In order to make their mobile phone batteries more durable, many people choose to turn to the internet and follow the tips on how to extend the battery life. But you know what? Many online charging methods are wrong, and you have been cheated for so many years.

　　Should the battery be completely exhausted before charging?

　　No way! "Deep discharge" will damage the battery.

　　There used to be a saying that the battery has a memory function, and you must wait until the battery of the mobile phone is completely exhausted before charging it to 100%, otherwise the battery will "remember" the proportion that needs to be charged, so that it needs to be charged before the battery is used up, and the charging will not be full.

　　"Now smartphones use lithium-ion batteries, and the technology and structure of lithium batteries have undergone tremendous changes. It is wrong to recharge the mobile phone battery after it is completely exhausted." Wang Yonggang, a leading enterprise of new energy power battery and an R&D engineer of Tianneng lithium battery, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the so-called "deep discharge" when the battery is completely exhausted may have an irreversible impact on the internal material structure of the battery and shorten the battery life.

　　When charging, positive lithium ions "jump" into the electrolyte from the positive electrode, "climb" through the winding holes in the diaphragm, "swim" to the negative electrode, and combine with the electrons running from the positive electrode early; The opposite is true when discharging. Dr. Zhang Hua, who graduated from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles, made an analogy: whether discharging or charging, lithium ions have to get away from the original structure, which is a bit like carrying a bunch of things from one room to another. Therefore, the understanding of battery life should be based on the understanding of battery structure.

　　That is to say, in the process of charging and discharging, the less lithium ions participate in the movement every time, the less damage to the structure; The slower the lithium ion running every time, the less damage to the structure. If the lithium ion runs almost, it is necessary to "deeply discharge" and continue to extract lithium ion from it, which will damage the battery.

　　Do you want to end charging immediately when the battery is full?

　　No need! Batteries have "overcharge protection"

　　When charging a mobile phone, Netcom should immediately stop charging when the battery is charged to 100%, otherwise it will damage the battery life.

　　In this regard, Wang Yonggang said, don’t worry too much. Lithium batteries are generally equipped with "overcharge protection". When the battery is almost full, it will automatically switch to trickle charging, that is, the charging is very slow and the current is very small. When the battery is fully charged, it will automatically cut off the power and will not continue to overcharge, so it will not have much impact if it is rushed to 100% at one time.

　　Many people like to charge their mobile phones overnight before going to bed. In this regard, Wang Yonggang said that turning on their mobile phones at night will also cause power loss, and how much power is consumed, the charger will continue to charge the mobile phones with small current. "But such a long cycle will have a certain impact on battery life."

　　Will sporadic charging damage the battery?

　　Wrong! "Shallow charge and shallow discharge" is good for batteries.

　　"Generally, the life of a lithium-ion battery can reach hundreds of charge and discharge cycles. The charge and discharge cycle here refers to the process of using up the electricity and then recharging it, rather than plugging the battery into a charger and then unplugging it once." Wang Yonggang said that "shallow charging and shallow discharging" of lithium-ion batteries, that is, sporadic charging, has little influence on the structure of anode and cathode materials, but will not affect the service life. "So, we usually emphasize that the charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries should be shallow, and don’t challenge the ‘ Limit ’ 。” Zhang Hua said.

　　Related links

　　These practices also affect battery life.

　　Charging different models of mobile phones with non-original charger has its own matching charger. Using non-original charger may have an irreversible impact on battery performance due to the large current of the charger used.

　　Making phone calls, playing games and watching videos while charging are all high current consumption. The current provided by the charger is less than the current consumed by the mobile phone, so it is necessary to output current from the battery while using the mobile phone while charging. That is to say, at this time, the battery is not charging, but discharging, and even the battery capacity will be "exhausted" quickly. The life of lithium battery is closely related to the number of charge and discharge cycles. When using the mobile phone while charging, the battery will switch between charge and discharge rapidly, which will affect the service life of the battery.

　　When the mobile phone is placed in a high and low temperature environment, due to the instability of the electrodes in the electrolyte, the two electrodes of the battery will react chemically every time they are charged and discharged, and then the active substances will be consumed, and the chemical energy converted into electric energy will be reduced, and the battery capacity will be reduced. If the ambient temperature is too high, it will accelerate the chemical reaction and "self-discharge" of the battery and reduce the battery capacity; The low temperature below zero will also have a negative impact on the battery structure, even permanent damage.

Han Songluo’s new collection of short stories, Love Story in Late Spring, was recently published by People’s Literature Publishing House. With his unique brush strokes of the northwest earth, he observed and recorded his own stories of the times coldly and delicately. Among them, Fish Tank and Xiaguang won the first place in the novella list of Harvest in 2023, and My Father’s House of Fantasies won the fourth place in the novella list of Harvest in 2021.

"Han Songluo" is a pseudonym, and the word "Songluo" comes from the preface of Pu Songling’s Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio: "Songluo is the fire of autumn fireflies, and the charm wins glory; Drive away the dust of wild horses, and laugh at them. " For Han Songluo, writing is like chatting under the lamp, which can gather many people.

Born in Xinjiang and living in Gansu, he has spent more than 40 years in northwest China, adding new content to northwest writing by his own way of not sticking to traditional writing techniques and narrative skills.

According to Zhang Yiwei, an associate professor and writer in the Chinese Department of Fudan University, Han Songluo’s novels are "westerns" of China’s contemporary literature. Zhang Li, a well-known critic and professor at the College of Literature of Beijing Normal University, also said that Han Songluo’s words are full of fantasy and a deep sense of reality, with a distant, wild and chilly wind. He is an unforgettable writer who brings new temperament. Perhaps it is precisely because of his delicate and never lazy perception of the northwest land and everything around him, spying, thinking and writing that his words and works were cast.

The six short stories in Love Story in Late Spring all revolve around "running away". Without exception, they all run away, looking for themselves or the future, or a running-away ceremony that has no purpose, no end and no answer, but must be completed.

In "The Fish Tank and the Sunlight", he took Li Zhiliang’s "running away" as the anchor point and began to exert his strength and spread outward: the boredom of adolescence and the dialogue between psychologists … … Finally, the ultimate fate of all people is to run away. The destination of running away is not to be prosperous or urban, but to be wild, crazy and a long road with no return.

"Love Song for Remy Young" describes the musical memory of a generation in the 1990s, the teenagers in Guangdong and small towns, people who want to be famous and fearless. He focused on the fate of the little people. After several years, the music ensemble, can everything be the same?

In the Golden Age of Remy Young, the hero Remy Young is trapped in a dirty, chaotic and crowded family, and he is eager to break out of the shackles and build a beautiful new world. After leaving the wilderness again and again, he was shocked that everyone was telling and confessing, spreading dark rumors to the world. Finally, with a sigh, return to his real world.

My Father’s House of Fantasies is a inner senses connected with the real world, which is constructed in fantastic imagination. The sudden disappearance of my father when I was young made the building he designed a fantastic space for me. With the "mystery of my father’s disappearance", "I" kept searching until the appearance of "Xu Lihu", which made "I" discover some clues … …

The opening of Love Story in Late Spring is the return of Pu Yilin. Lin, who has been abducted for more than 20 years, "went home", and the joy he recovered, familiar and unfamiliar relatives and friends, guilt and hatred hung over the Pu family for an instant. After the ups and downs, mother Fengtai fell into endless assumptions: if he was shown the "White Pagoda" near his home, would it be possible to get it-his son never left home, and everything in front of him would not have to be accepted in a hurry and panic?

"Lonely Hunter" is the twilight, when "she" dials the phone number randomly generated in her mind, her unstable mood and her whispers with no fixed destination. Don’t cross the line, don’t trespass, just vent everything by yourself. When the beep sounds, go back to the scene and look around, as if nothing had happened … …

Modern Express/Modern+Reporter Wen Ching Cheng

(Photo courtesy of the publishing house)

　　Recently, Gamma Data released the Monthly Report of China Game Industry in January 2024 (hereinafter referred to as the report). The report shows that in January 2024, the actual sales revenue of China mobile game market was 17.687 billion yuan, down 4.17% from the previous month and up 0.39% year-on-year. Wang Xu, chief analyst of China game industry, said that there are two main reasons for the year-on-year growth this month. First, some old products that have been online for several years have achieved revenue growth. Second, some new tours launched this month have brought increments.

　　In January, 2024, the number of mobile game products increased, with some products increasing by over 1 billion yuan, and the share of self-propelled chess in TOP50 increased by 217% year-on-year. Wang Xu said that competitive products are an important source of market revenue growth this month, and such products are more likely to grow during long holidays, such as the cold and summer holidays, the Spring Festival holidays and the time periods before and after.

　　In January, the share of self-propelled chess games in TOP50 mobile games increased by 5.8%, up by 217% year-on-year. The growth was mainly driven by some products. At the same time, some self-propelled chess products entered the gamma data flow calculation list TOP2 this month, which is also the highest ranking of this product so far. Its growth is mainly due to the fact that this kind of products update their seasonal activities in January and update the collection and shopping mall simultaneously. In addition, Wang Xu emphasized that the share of interactive drama has also increased this month. This type has sprung up in recent years, and the sales volume on steam has also continued to grow. In the future, more similar products will be put into the market. The deeper reason is the change of user demand.

　　In the new tour, the report analyzed the advertising of some new tour products, and the advertising of such products was mainly concentrated on the day of launch, and remained at the TOP15 of the best-selling list of iOS games within the statistical date. Some products have also obtained a high ranking in terms of overseas downloads.

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1-2 1-0！

Wonderful night of international football Tottenham leads the Premier League, the big black horse leads La Liga, Nice leads Ligue 1.

Recently, there has been an exciting wave of matches in international football, and several wonderful matches have caused a sensation around the world.

Among them, Tottenham, the leader of the Premier League, withstood the pressure in a thrilling game and beat their opponents 1-2, consolidating their leading position in the Premier League standings.

At the same time, there are also interesting situations in La Liga and Ligue 1. The big black horse rode the dust in La Liga and led the standings, while the Nice team made a leading position in Ligue 1 by virtue of its excellent performance.

In the Premier League, Tottenham played against a strong opponent.

After the start of the game, the two sides launched a fierce confrontation, and the situation on the field changed, and the audience stared at every move.

In the first half, Tottenham’s attack became more fierce, and the team took the lead with Sun Xingyu’s wonderful goal.

However, the opponent launched a crazy counterattack in the second half and once equalized the score. But the goddess of luck seems to be on the side of Tottenham, and harry kane’s goal at the last moment helped the team win the game.

This wonderful victory not only enabled Tottenham to lead the Premier League, but also demonstrated the team’s strength and teamwork spirit.

In La Liga, a big black horse emerged, attracting the attention of fans around the world with its amazing performance and unstoppable momentum.

Although the results have not been optimistic, this team broke expectations in the new season. With a strong lineup and teamwork, they launched an impact on the La Liga champion.

Their constant victories made them lead the standings and won wide acclaim.

The performance of this team has undoubtedly injected new vitality into La Liga, brought more competitiveness to the league and made the fans full of expectations.

In Ligue 1, Nice also showed great strength and dominance.

With their excellent overall cooperation and personal ability, they have won many times in the competition and achieved a leading position.

The team’s young lineup and excellent head coach have made them show unlimited potential and attracted much attention. The success of Nice team has also attracted the attention of Ligue 1. They have become a dark horse in the League and injected new vitality into the League.

Whether Tottenham leads the Premier League, the big black horse dominates in La Liga, or Nice leads in Ligue 1, these wonderful performances have amazed fans all over the world.

The success of these teams is inseparable from their persistence and teamwork spirit, and also reflects the charm and magic of football.

The fans’ attention and support for these games will continue to increase, which will also bring greater motivation to the team.

Generally speaking, this wonderful night of international football has brought many surprises and shocks to the fans.

The leading position of Tottenham, Big Black Horse and Nice Team not only represents their strength, but also represents their love and persistence in football.

The success of these teams is the result of the efforts and efforts of many players and coaches, and their hard work will also become an example for other teams to learn.

In the next game, we will continue to pay attention to the performance of these teams, expecting them to continue their leading position and bring more surprises and excitement to the fans.

At the same time, we also expect other teams to challenge the position of these leaders and inject more suspense and competitiveness into the league.

Whether it is Premier League, La Liga or Ligue 1, these wonderful games will become a feast that fans should not miss.

The charm and emotion of football will continue to be passed on, inspiring fans to persist in pursuing their dreams.

Disclaimer: If the content of the article involves the content of the work, copyright pictures or other issues, please contact the author of this number within 30 days. If the situation is true, we will delete the responsible article as soon as possible. The article only provides reference and does not constitute any investment and application suggestions.

　　The picture shows Shangzhuang Village, Chencao Township, Jian ‘an District, Xuchang City, Henan Province. The electric translation sprinkler is watering the wheat field. Xinhua News Agency reporter Feng Dapeng photo

　　Water is the foundation of human existence. March 22nd is the 26th World Water Day and the beginning of the 31st China Water Week. This year, the United Nations decided that the propaganda theme of "World Water Day" was "Borrowing force of nature to protect green mountains and green rivers". The propaganda theme of "China Water Week" is "Implementing national water-saving actions and building a water-saving society". What measures and effects does China have on water conservation?

　　■ There are many activities in love the water.

　　In the south of spring, willow branches are swaying and flowers are blooming. On March 22nd, the activity of "Taihu Cup Looking for the Guardian of Rivers and Lakes Around" was held in Nanjing Youth Olympic Cultural Park, Jiangsu Province. "I witnessed with my own eyes that the river at my doorstep is getting cleaner and the environment is getting more and more beautiful." Ms. Liu, a citizen who came to participate in the event, said, "I hope I can do something."

　　Many cities take World Water Day and China Water Week as an opportunity to carry out publicity and experience activities and contribute to the construction of water-saving cities.

　　Zhejiang Hangzhou Water Group launched the "Water Supply Open Day" to help citizens understand the production and operation of urban water supply and drainage, environmental water distribution and maintenance and other related projects, and the staff of water supply enterprises answered questions from zero distance.

　　Wuhan Jianhe Middle School in Hubei moved the geography class to the Yangtze River levee. The teacher scooped up two bottles of river water, so that the students could watch the color and smell it and have a quiz on water knowledge.

　　■ The industry can’t save water less.

　　In recent years, from agriculture, industry, service industry to urban domestic water, the utilization efficiency and benefit of water resources in China have been steadily improved. According to the data provided by the Ministry of Water Resources, from 2012 to 2016, the water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP and industrial added value decreased by 25.3% and 26.6% respectively, and the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water increased from 0.516 to 0.542.

　　The agricultural sector, which exceeds 60% of the total water consumption in the country, has achieved remarkable results in water saving. "I used to water the land, but now I water the seedlings." In the greenhouse of Gobi Agricultural Industrial Park in Suzhou District, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, fist-sized tomatoes are covered with green branches. In this Gobi desert, which was once lamented as "the barren land in the middle of Gansu is the best in the world", the surface pipeline system and emitters drip water evenly and slowly into the soil at the root of crops. The application and popularization of new agricultural irrigation technology has greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural water use. By the end of 2017, the country had added more than 100 million mu of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation area. In the past five years, the effective utilization rate of farmland irrigation water has saved 20% to 50% compared with traditional irrigation.

　　In the industrial field, the state continues to promote water-saving processes, technologies and equipment, focusing on the implementation of water-saving technological transformation in high-water-consuming industries. In the service industry, we will implement water-saving technological transformation of high-water consumption service industries and strictly control high-water consumption service industries such as bathing and car washing. At the same time, strengthen the transformation of urban public water supply pipe network, comprehensively carry out the construction of water-saving units and residential quarters, and create an atmosphere of saving water for all.

　　■ Institutional innovation manages the long term.

　　"Look at the new river now, with clear water and fish shuttling. Wait another year, and at the junction of the three rivers, a new Weisha Wetland Park covering an area of 5,000 mu will be built soon. " On March 20th, Shu Quanhai, deputy director of Diaotai Sub-district Office in Fengxi New Town, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province, stood at the intersection of the new river and the Weihe River to inspect the river. He comes to this place two or three times a week.

　　Shu Quanhai said that since the implementation of the river length system, the effect of river management in the jurisdiction has been very obvious. At present, there is basically no surface garbage in the river.

　　It is reported that at present, 25 provinces in China have established the river length system, and the remaining provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps will be fully established by the end of June this year, and more than 320,000 river lengths at the provincial, city, county and township levels have been identified. There are 2865 lakes with a water area of more than 1 square kilometer in China. At present, 2180 lakes have established the lake length system, and it is planned to fully establish the system before the end of this year.

　　"Implementing the responsibility system for the heads of rivers and lakes is not a short-term expedient measure, but an institutional innovation with far-reaching significance in the water management system." Jia Shaofeng, a researcher at the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said.

　　Innovative systems such as river length system and lake length system provide a guarantee for long-term and effective water resources protection and management. By introducing the river length system in many areas, the water quality has been obviously improved, and the appearance of rivers has been greatly improved. The beautiful picture of smooth rivers, clear water and green shores is becoming a reality. (Li Wei Lu Anqi Shi Hongqiang)

　　Original title: "Zhaotong Impression" in Spring | Ludian, Yunnan: Ten thousand mu of cherry flowers are in full bloom.

　

　　Spring is full in February, and flowers are blooming. A few days ago, 10,000 mu of cherry blossoms in Xiaozhai Town, Ludian, Yunnan Province, were in full bloom, clusters and clusters, covered with branches, just like white snow, which reflected each other with Qingshan village, fresh and pleasant, and made it a quiet and peaceful beautiful countryside scene.

　　The price of fruit has gone up sharply this spring. According to the relevant data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs compiled by Zhuo Chuang Information, the wholesale price of fruits from January to April in 2022 was higher than the average price in the past nine years, and it showed a continuous upward trend.

　　From the place of origin to the dining table, fruits have to go through the stages of fruit farmers’ picking, packaging and purchasing, loading and transportation, wholesaler sales, etc., and finally reach the fruit shop at home. Qianjiang evening news Hour reporter interviewed producers, wholesalers, logistics drivers and store operators, trying to explore the deep-seated reasons behind these links.

　　Many people are concerned about when the price of fruit will come down. According to the prediction of fruit farmers and wholesalers in producing areas, with the coming of summer fruit ripening season, the wholesale price of fruit will soon fall, and the price of retail stores will naturally fall.

　　Due to climatic reasons, the reduction in production and the sharp drop in imported fruits cannot fill the gap.

　　Most of the fruits in this season are from Yunnan, Hainan and other places, because the reduction in production has led to an increase in wholesale prices.

　　According to Hong Lianggang, the wholesaler of Hangzhou Fruit Wholesale Market, the price of wogan rose from 4 yuan to 11 yuan, honeydew melon from 12 yuan to 20 yuan, mango from 4 yuan to 10 yuan, and the most outrageous thing was watermelon. A while ago, the price of watermelon rose from 6 yuan to 20 yuan.

　　Chen Ying (pseudonym), who is purchasing fruits in Hainan, explained the reason to qianjiang evening news Hour reporter: "The winter in Hainan this year is particularly long. Due to the influence of cold air, the output of lotus spray, Guifeimang and litchi here has decreased a lot."

　　Mid-May is the season when a large number of lychees are listed in Hainan. In previous years, the local wholesale price was only five or six yuan a kilogram, but this year, the wholesale price of lychees rose to 14 yuan a kilogram, and the price doubled 1.5 times.

　　Before the local fruits were ripe for the market, the output of foreign fruits was reduced. In the past, this situation also happened. The solution for wholesalers was to fill the gap with imported fruits.

　　But this year, the number of imported fruits has also dropped sharply.

　　At Hong Lianggang’s wholesale point, the sales of imported fruits accounted for 30% of the total sales in previous years, and now it has dropped sharply to 10%.

　　The origin of imported fruits this season is mainly Southeast Asia. Last year, 7.5 kilograms of mangosteen with a box of 200 pieces sold 450 pieces this year; Last year, 15 kilograms of durian with an average price of about 400 yuan per box sold directly to 800 yuan this year.

　　The epidemic affected the transportation time, and the freight cost generally increased by 10 times.

　　The reduction of production makes the price of fruit higher, and the increase of transportation cost adds a fire to the rising price.

　　According to Chen Ying’s estimation, in previous years, the freight for a car full of princess smiles was 9,000, but this year it has become 12,000. Affected by the local epidemic this year, the passage of trucks was not as smooth as in previous years, and the freight rate naturally rose.

　　Liu Ben (a pseudonym), a truck driver, took a load of bananas imported into Hangzhou fruit wholesale market. His batch of bananas was shipped from the port of Ningbo. Originally, this journey only took three or four hours, but now it takes three days.

　　Imported fruits need to go through customs inspection, disinfection and nucleic acid detection, and so on. Just here at the customs, it will take a day. When the goods arrived at the highway bayonet, Liu Ben had to hand over the driver’s license to the staff. "Because it is stipulated which highway intersection to get off from, you must return from which highway intersection."

　　When you get to the market, people and goods need a 24-hour nucleic acid report to enter the market. Liu Ben drove the car to Hangzhou Renhe Inspection Station and tested the bananas. Liu Ben himself went to the hospital to do nucleic acid, and when the report came out, another day passed.

　　Liu Ben calculated that it would take about 140 liters of oil to get from Ningbo to Hangzhou. This year, the oil price has risen, and he can only bear it himself. Together with the toll of 336, it costs 672 yuan to go back and forth. After deducting these costs, Liu Ben can only earn 500~600 yuan for one trip.

　　The epidemic situation makes it impossible for goods between markets to circulate and transfer at will. "Every batch of fruit we have now has a traceability code, which can only be sent straight from the place of origin and cannot be transferred. In the past, we would look at the price. For example, if the goods in Jiaxing market are cheaper, we will adjust from Jiaxing, and now it is not allowed. " Fei Ge (a pseudonym), the wholesaler owner of Hongshi Fruit Industry, said.

　　Feige is mainly engaged in the wholesale of fine fruits. Due to the difficulty of freight transportation in Shanghai, all the imported fruits were transferred to the docks in Guangzhou, which increased the transportation cost for the Hangzhou market.

　　The number of imported fruits has dropped sharply this year, mainly due to the international epidemic.

　　"I think many colleagues who are imported fruits are saying that the freight of imported fruits has generally increased by 10 times." Brother Fei said, "And in Southeast Asia and other countries where we mainly import fruits and fruits, almost all the automobile transportation routes are shut down, leaving only sea routes. The time for these fruits to stay on the cargo ship has increased, resulting in a decline in quality. "

　　Store rent, labor cost factor, local fruit listing price will be lowered.

　　The rise in wholesale prices makes the price tag of fruit shop stores change almost every day.

　　"Recently, many customers have complained to us that fruit has become more expensive." Xiao Wu, a clerk of Huaxia Fruit Industry, pointed out and smiled at the concubine in front of the store. This is litchi that just came in, and the price is 51.6 yuan a kilogram.

　　Most customers are still sensitive to price, so although the price of fruit has increased, the turnover has not increased, but has decreased.

　　Sun Liying, the boss of Huaxia Fruit Industry, told qianjiang evening news Hours that the turnover of his three stores was only about one-third of that of the same period last year, and the passenger flow was also much less.

　　Sun Liying has been a fruit store for 7 years, and now he has 3 stores in Hangzhou. The rent of the oldest No.1 shop has risen from 50,000 to 178,000 years, and the growth rate has increased by 5% year by year. The labor cost employed in the store accounts for 60% of the total expenditure. Sun Liying thinks that compared with these, the price of fruit has risen the slowest.

　　In 2020, Sun Liying’s store enjoyed the government rent reduction and exemption policy, exempting the rent for three months and halving the rent for three months, which made him through the most difficult period.

　　This year’s epidemic situation is complicated. Last month, two of his stores were shut down due to epidemic prevention and control, and some fruits were lost. "It’s good to live." Sun Liying said.

　　However, the epidemic has also increased the sales of storable fruits such as apples, pears and bananas, and the prices of these fruits are relatively stable.

　　Many people are concerned about when the price of fruit will come down.

　　Hong Lianggang said that when local fruit production comes up, the wholesale price of fruit will soon fall, and the price of retail stores will naturally be lowered.

　　Take watermelons as an example. In April, watermelons were scarce, and the wholesale price once rose to 18 yuan a kilogram. However, with the maturity of local sweet potatoes in May, the price of watermelons will drop to 4 yuan a kilogram.

　　"I don’t know, one price a day." A stall owner who sold watermelons for 7 years in Hangzhou Fruit Wholesale Market said.

　　Reference message networkReported on February 19 Today is the rain in the solar terms in China, and it is also the last important festival in the Spring Festival customs — — Lantern Festival.

　　In June 2008, the Lantern Festival was selected as a national intangible cultural heritage. This traditional festival celebrated by China people has attracted worldwide attention.

　　So, what is the China Lantern Festival in the eyes of foreign media? With this question, Xiao Bian put down the dumplings in his hand and opened the old newspaper of Reference News. While looking for foreign media reports on the Lantern Festival, he felt all kinds of changes and invariants in the development of the times … …

　　In 2006, the online edition of The Times published an article entitled "Every household adheres to the ancient custom of eating Yuanxiao", which recorded the Lantern Festival time of a family in Beijing:

　　"Wang wrapped in thick cotton-padded clothes and his mother stood in line for half an hour in the cold just to buy a bag of old brand Yuanxiao. The mother said: ‘ Such hard work is worth it. You have to eat Yuanxiao today, because it is a symbol of family reunion. ’”

　　The word "stick to it" in the title of this article impressed Xiaobian. Why should we "stick to it" when eating Yuanxiao?

　　Combined with the social background at that time, this problem is not difficult to understand. At that time, foreign festivals, commonly known as "foreign festivals", began to occupy a place in the lives of ordinary people in China, and even triggered a query that "traditional festivals are no match for foreign festivals".

　　The most typical ones are Valentine’s Day and Lantern Festival. A "foreign festival", a traditional festival, is very close to each other every year: for example, the Lantern Festival is the second day of Valentine’s Day in 2003, and there is only one day between Lantern Festival and Valentine’s Day in 2006. The closeness of the two festivals made the topic of sticking to traditional festivals more prominent.

　　For example, in an AFP article entitled "China people celebrate Valentine’s Day and Lantern Festival successively" in 2003, it was mentioned that China people celebrated Valentine’s Day with double joy this year, because people could celebrate the traditional Lantern Festival after Valentine’s Day at the same time.

　　The media said that "since opening to the outside world, China has been more and more keen on Valentine’s Day". Although February 15th (Saturday) was the Lantern Festival that year, many people hung lanterns on the evening of 14th (Friday) to celebrate Valentine’s Day and Lantern Festival at the same time.

　　After a lapse of three years, the Financial Times in 2006 also celebrated the "Foreign Festival" with "China in vogue"? It is reported that although China today is more confident and tolerant, not all China people are happy or optimistic about the fashion change of "foreign festivals" for young people. The newspaper mentioned a China person who rightly said: "Even if Valentine’s Day and Lantern Festival in the West are close this year, it can’t make ‘ Lover’s mood ’ Squeeze ‘ Celebrate the whole world and have fun with the people ’ The cultural connotation. "

　　Today, 15 years later, when we look at the reports at that time, we may not feel so strongly about this topic. In Xiaobian’s view, even though China people have become accustomed to some "foreign festivals", their enthusiasm for traditional festivals such as the Lantern Festival has not diminished at all.

　　Moreover, it has been proved that the traditional Lantern Festival custom has not faded with the progress of the times.

　　In 2013, united press international reported that in Pingyao, Shanxi Province, every household hung red lanterns and set off fireworks to celebrate the Lantern Festival.

　　Sarah brown, an Australian tourist, said, "We came to Pingyao from Beijing and felt the different atmosphere of the Lantern Festival. The atmosphere in Pingyao is more cheerful. It’s easy to get separated from friends in such a bustling street … … We feel the charm of the China Lunar New Year. "

　　At that time, AFP reporters came to Nuanquan Town, Hebei Province, and recorded the local people’s way of ending the Lunar New Year with a unique "Da Shu Hua Show" performance.

　　According to the report, this way of celebrating Lantern Festival, invented more than 300 years ago, is one of many ancient folk activities in China that have been restored in recent decades.

On the evening of February 5, 2019, folk artists performed "Da Shu Hua Show" at the Asia-Pacific Temple Fair in zunhua city, Hebei Province. (Xinhua News Agency)

　　AFP reporter recorded the process of the performance: the master who performed "Da Shu Hua Show" only "equipped" the straw hat and protective glasses. They scooped molten iron out of the bucket and splashed it on a brick wall. The iron flowers splashed on the brick wall, which was very spectacular.

　　According to the report, this spectacular scene caused deafening cheers from the audience in Wenquan Town. Wenquan Town is only a few hours’ drive from Beijing. In order to promote the development of tourism, Wenquan Town resumed this folk activity with a history of hundreds of years.

　　Of course, with the restoration of traditional folk customs, the way to celebrate the Lantern Festival is also changing in another way.

　　In a report in 2017, the online reporter of Hong Kong Asia Times mentioned that when the Lantern Festival was held in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province in 2016, there was a beautiful electronic light show at the local Chinese Dinosaur Park, but it was not a traditional lantern, and of course there were no riddles.

　　Spain’s Effie also noticed a new way to celebrate the Lantern Festival. The agency reported in 2016 that in order to celebrate the Lantern Festival, many people visited the Longqingxia Ice Lantern Art Festival in Yanqing District, Beijing. As one of the competition areas of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, many ice sculptures at the festival are sports-oriented.

　　Mr. Jiang, a tourist, came here with his family for the holiday. He said that although these ice sculptures are a little far from the traditional Lantern Festival celebration elements, he feels: "We should keep pace with the times, and these are very special." Mr. Jiang said: "Of course, this is not a traditional way to celebrate, but we like it very much, and the children are also very interested in ice sculptures", especially the ice sculptures with the theme of the 2020 Olympic Games.

　　"With the development of economy and society, China people’s Chinese New Year activities are gradually changing to a more modern form." Effie commented.

　　Of course, the Effie reporter also noticed that in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, not far from Beijing, the celebration activities are much more traditional. Besides singing and dancing in traditional costumes, there are also traditional folk activities such as walking on stilts.

　　In short, Xiao Bian believes that both adhering to the traditional customs and exploring the modern ways of celebrating the Lantern Festival express China people’s persistence and love for the traditional festivals.

As the Lantern Festival approaches in 2019, many activities such as Dragon Lantern Festival and Dragon Lantern Show are held in Guizhou Province to celebrate the Lantern Festival and the Spring Festival. (Xinhua News Agency)