"The decade since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has witnessed the greatest scientific and technological progress and the fastest improvement in scientific and technological strength. China’s scientific and technological undertakings have undergone historic, holistic and structural changes, successfully entered the ranks of innovative countries and fully integrated into the global innovation network, showing the overall layout and development trend with the characteristics of the new era."

On May 12th, Tommy, Vice Minister of Science and Technology, made the above summary on the development of science and technology at the press conference on the theme of "China this decade" held by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee.

In the past ten years, from innovation as the first driving force for development, to fully implementing the innovation-driven development strategy, to insisting on putting scientific and technological innovation at the core of the overall national development, and to taking scientific and technological self-reliance as the strategic support for national development, the road of independent innovation with China characteristics has become wider and wider.

The strength of science and technology has risen rapidly.

Statistics show that the total R&D expenditure in China is 2.7 times that in 2012, and the basic research expenditure is 3.4 times that in 2012. China’s global innovation index has risen by 22 places in ten years, making it the only country in the world that keeps rising rapidly.

All-round development, outstanding characteristics and quality improvement … In the past decade, science and technology have become the first driving force to support and lead China’s high-quality economic development and improve people’s livelihood.

Tommy summed up the important characteristics of China’s scientific and technological development in the past ten years-

The level of scientific research and the overall strength of the discipline have greatly increased. Several disciplines have reached the international leading level, and the research and development capabilities of scientific research institutions, universities and leading scientific and technological enterprises have obviously increased in the global position. There were less than 50,000 high-tech enterprises ten years ago, but now there are 330,000. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, three major international science and technology innovation centers, have all entered the top 10 in the ranking of global science and technology innovation clusters.

Produce a number of world-class scientific and technological achievements in the fields of basic research and strategic high technology. The exploration of Mars by Tian Wen, the landing of Chang ‘e on the moon, the successful docking of the core modules of Shenzhou XIII and Tianhe have made a great leap in China’s deep space exploration. The successful development of "Deep Sea Warrior", "Struggler" and "Haidou No.1" indicates that China has the ability to detect the depth of 10,000 meters in the whole sea. In the field of quantum science and technology, China has become the only country in the world that has reached the milestone of "the superiority of quantum computing" in two physical systems.

Independent research and development of a large number of advanced technical equipment and systems into practical use has become a "sharp weapon" to promote rapid industrial upgrading. Supercomputing, high-speed railway, smart grid, fourth-generation nuclear power and UHV transmission technology have all entered the world’s advanced ranks. In particular, the deep expansion of 5G R&D and application scenarios, and the initial establishment of China’s characteristic ecology for the development of artificial intelligence are accelerating the empowerment of all industries. With the support of large computing power and supercomputing, the digital economy is booming, and a number of smart cities, smart factories, intelligent medical care and intelligent transportation are taking shape.

At the same time, the number of original new drugs developed has increased significantly compared with ten years ago, and a variety of COVID-19 vaccines, detection reagents and therapeutic drugs have strongly supported the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic; In the front line of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, a large number of science and technology commissioners played an important role; The application of more than 200 achievements of "Science and Technology Winter Olympics" has strongly supported the high-quality hosting of the Beijing Winter Olympics …

"Of course, we are also clearly aware that compared with the world’s leading countries, China’s scientific and technological innovation still has a long way to go." Tommy said that facing the future, China’s scientific and technological circles will face up to problems, face up to difficulties and make unremitting efforts to build a world science and technology power.

System reform was accelerated.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has placed innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, unswervingly followed the road of independent innovation with China characteristics, and made full efforts to reform the scientific and technological system.

"The reform of the science and technology system has always been regarded as the focus of comprehensively deepening reform." Tommy said that in the decade since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform has considered more than 20 major reform programs in the field of science and technology. So far, the 143 tasks deployed in the implementation plan for deepening the reform of the science and technology system proposed by the central government have been fully completed, and the institutional and basic framework for supporting comprehensive innovation has been basically established. Substantial progress has been made in the reform of key areas and key links, and breakthroughs have been made in some key difficulties and blocking points that have not been solved for a long time. China has set up the National Science and Technology Advisory Committee for the first time, established the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee, reconstructed the science and technology planning system, solved the problem of closed and scattered allocation of science and technology resources, and the science and technology governance mechanism is more suitable for the needs of science and technology development. The national laboratory has been built, the reorganization of the national key laboratory system has been initiated, the autonomy of universities and research institutes has been expanded, the main position of enterprise innovation has been basically established, the national strategic scientific and technological strength has been further strengthened, and a strong synergy has been formed to promote scientific and technological innovation.

In the aspect of scientific research funds, the distribution policy oriented by knowledge value is implemented, the management system of scientific and technological projects and funds based on trust is established, the evaluation orientation centered on quality, performance and contribution is established, and the incentive for scientific researchers is greatly enhanced. Through the reform of "three evaluations", the reform of project evaluation, talent evaluation and institutional evaluation has been carried out in an orderly manner, and many localities and units have explored the realization path of classified evaluation.

Following the law of scientific exploration and technological innovation, we have implemented the system of "revealing the list and taking the lead" and "horse racing" for major tasks, implemented the chief scientist responsibility system for frontier exploration projects, and set up subversive technical projects to support scientists’ bold exploration. In the "14th Five-Year Plan" national key R&D plan, young scientists are generally set up, so that more young scientists can take the lead and take the lead, which has been widely welcomed. In addition, it also gives scientists greater decision-making power on technical routes and the right to use funds, freeing researchers from the cumbersome and unnecessary institutional constraints.

In order to solve the long-standing problem of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, an important orientation of scientific and technological system reform in recent years is to speed up the establishment of the transfer and transformation system of scientific and technological achievements and open up channels among science and technology, industry and finance. To this end, the reward for the transformation income of scientific and technological personnel has been greatly increased, the right to use, dispose of and benefit from scientific and technological achievements has been fully decentralized, and a pilot project has been carried out to give scientific and technological personnel ownership and long-term use rights.

Established a relatively complete inclusive policy and institutional arrangement to encourage enterprise innovation. The deduction ratio of R&D expenses of enterprises has increased from 50% in 2012 and 75% in 2018 to 100% in the fields of technology-based SMEs and manufacturing, which reflects the orientation of supporting technology-based SMEs. At present, more than 3/4 of China’s total social R&D investment is invested by enterprises, and 79% of the national key R&D plans are led or participated by enterprises.

The technology trading market continues to grow, and the activity of the technology trading market reflects the activity of the transfer and transformation of achievements. Last year, the national technology contract transaction volume reached 3.7 trillion, far exceeding the R&D investment of the whole society in that year and 5.8 times that of 2012.

In the capital market, the establishment of science and technology innovation board, the reform of the Growth Enterprise Market, the establishment of the North Stock Exchange, and the smooth channels for direct listing and financing of hard technology enterprises are forming a virtuous circle of mutual shaping of science and technology, industry and finance. In the past, weak ties, where science, technology and economy were amplified by the participation of financial and capital markets, has become a strong coupling now.

"To achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, China depends on high-level innovative talents in the final analysis." Tommy said that in the next step, the Ministry of Science and Technology will, in accordance with the deployment of the CPC Central Committee, take the implementation of the three-year plan for tackling key problems in scientific and technological reform as the main line, pay close attention to implementation, stimulate the innovative vitality of all kinds of talents, and make more researchers with real talents and practical knowledge available.

Southern Metropolis Daily, November 28th, Edition B01, 08, Education and Health Reader

From November 24th to 25th, the "Guangzhou 2023 Moral Education Forum for Primary and Secondary Schools and Kindergartens" was held in Guangzhou Middle School (Phoenix Campus), with the theme of "Understanding Children and Caring for Growth".

Under the guidance of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education, the forum was hosted by Guangzhou Education Bureau, and undertaken by Tianhe Education Bureau and Southern Metropolis Daily.

[Kindergarten Component Forum]

Children’s mental health education should permeate the activities.

On the morning of 25th, at the kindergarten component forum, front-line teachers from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Jiangsu and other places shared practical cases, paying attention to the development characteristics and laws of children’s cognition, behavior, emotion and ability …

Encourage children to dare to express their emotions.

"Clap your hands if you feel happy …" In a cheerful clapping song, Li Liming, a teacher of Qinghe Kindergarten in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, brought the lesson of "I Make Friends with Happiness" to share, and 16 children skipped to the stage to share their happy records under the guidance of the teacher.

Li Liming introduced that the teaching object of this activity is middle-class children, who are characterized by rapid development of self-awareness and unstable emotional performance, and will still cry and lose their temper when they are not satisfied. "I don’t know how to express emotions, and I don’t know how to resolve them." Based on students’ psychological characteristics and personality differences, the solution of curriculum design is to create a pleasant atmosphere, such as talking in circles, listening to each other, sharing, etc., to guide children to experience happiness and encourage children to dare to express their emotions.

In the theme sharing session, Li Yarong, director of the kindergarten business of Southern Medical University, brought the sharing of mental health courses. Since 2012, the kindergarten has been exploring children’s sexual health education and deeply cultivating mental health education courses. "Children’s mental health education should permeate various activities and all aspects of activities. For example, environmental creation can be turned into a part of curriculum construction, and quiet areas, secret gardens, private huts, my mood diaries, etc. can be opened at class meetings, so that children can face and deal with their emotions. "

Longing to be seen, felt and understood.

"Changing the perspective of observation and seeing children will have different gains." Niu Ling, the head teacher of Chenkang Kindergarten in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, shared her process of guiding, communicating and understanding Lele’s heart from the perspective of Lele, a "problem child" who likes to swagger and deliberately collide with her peers when walking. "In the thank-you session of the class meeting, when Lele is the star of this week, let other children tell the bright spots of Lele and bring Lele warmth with encouragement from peers." Niu Ling believes that children’s social skills can only be developed if their needs are seen, felt and understood.

Liu Xiancheng, director of Xuri Yayuan Kindergarten in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, has been engaged in early childhood education for more than 20 years. He believes that the only way to truly understand children is to "love you, understand you and accompany you". The kindergarten regularly holds "four-type" parent-teacher conferences to let parents know about their children’s situation in the park, and provide parents with a list of punching cards in streets, districts and cities in combination with the theme of the course, and advocate parents to "see the world" with their children.

"Every year on Children’s Day, let the children bring their parents to the kindergarten to go shopping." "In the game, learn to build your own Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge …" Lin Yongyu, director of the kindergarten affiliated to Guangzhou Kindergarten Normal School, believes that the premise of understanding children is companionship, and the high-quality companionship of teachers, parents and companions is an important force to promote children’s development. Teacher’s companionship is not empty, but should be based on the curriculum implementation process under the corresponding children’s view, which runs through one-day activities in kindergarten, such as military courses and life games.

"Life is education and environment is curriculum"

"Under the big banyan tree, children are laughing, playing with water guns and climbing trees in the rain. We hope that children here can feel their potential through their own exploration." Zhao Jinxia, director of Nantou Ancient City Kindergarten in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, introduced that the kindergarten adheres to the concept of "life is education and environment is curriculum" in the kindergarten-based curriculum construction, and puts the learning task in a real environment, and actively explores and discusses it around the real problem situation with the help of teachers and peers.

Also concerned about the environment of the park is Haibei Kindergarten in Fengxian District, Shanghai. Song Chaoyue, secretary of the Party branch and director of the park, introduced that when the kindergarten was built, it put forward the rules of environmental creation, such as transforming the mountain cement based on experience, effectively connecting the sand pool and the pool, so that children can play the game of sand cement safely and independently; Children and teachers were invited to jointly launch the atrium renovation plan. Under the whimsy of children, a sensory path integrating tiles, tiles and wood blocks was successfully built.

Lv Yan, secretary and director of Zhangjiagang Experimental Kindergarten, believes that "understanding children" is not only a basic skill of teachers, but also an important foundation for establishing a good relationship between teachers and children. "Intention" is the premise and key to understanding children. In August 2018, the kindergarten cooperated with East China Normal University to set up Professor Hua Aihua’s Studio, carried out the practical exploration of "regional game research project", created "let go game" and supported children’s active learning in the game.

In the comment session, Zhang Qiong, director of the Preschool and Comprehensive Education Research Office of the Institute of Basic Education of Guangzhou Education Research Institute, commented on the four major directions of children’s education: the goal, status, field and ecology, and the integration of knowledge and practice. "I have observed that moral education does not occupy an important position in the past curriculum design, which is related to the curriculum form and work characteristics of early childhood education, because it is usually permeated in the dribs and drabs of one-day curriculum, but in fact, moral education is very important because it is the starting point of our whole curriculum."

[Primary School Component Forum]

To be a good teacher is to think about what students are thinking.

In the primary school component forum, school administrators and teachers from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Zhangjiagang and other places took turns to take the stage to share good methods of moral education in primary schools and explore new ways to care for children’s growth.

In the lesson observation session, Wen Yingying, a teacher from Sihai Primary School in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, held a class meeting with the theme of "Reading Your Hearts and Friendly Communication". Students vividly interpret the verbal friction between classmates in the form of sitcoms. After that, Wen Yingying guides students to think and reflect on the influence of language injury on themselves, classmates and classes. Wen Yingying pointed out that the key to resolving conflicts is to find the unsatisfied basic needs in the heart; Stop the injury and start with mutual understanding.

In the theme sharing session, Zhang Yan ‘en, Party Secretary of Tieyi Primary School in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, focused on the practical model of "Happiness Micro-moral Education" developed by the school. The school creates a "happiness micro-field" through activities such as "well" graffiti and "box" dressing, making happiness "visible"; Carry out "happiness literacy" micro-classroom, "driving school mobile" micro-school, etc., and do a good job of "happiness micro-course" to make happiness "easy to understand"; Expand the campus "micro-space", pair up with "micro-space" and build a "happy micro-position" so that happiness can be "displayed". "Happiness micro-moral education awakens the positive power in children’s hearts, promotes the healthy growth of children and promotes the all-round development of schools."

The best education is to awaken children’s inner seeds.

"The best education is to awaken the seeds of children’s hearts." Li Ruixiu, head teacher and Chinese teacher of Tianhe No.1 Primary School, pointed out that it is necessary to respect children’s nature, conform to the law of children’s growth and promote children’s health. At the same time, create a good class environment, infiltrate positive education into daily class management, and awaken students’ sense of responsibility for active participation.

Zhang Xiangli, secretary and principal of Haiming School of Sports East Road Primary School in Tianhe District, introduced the construction of a "three-level education system for children", which is to build a school that can "read children, teachers and parents", cultivate a group of teachers who can "read children and parents" and lead a group of parents who can "read children".

"Only by understanding children can we guide children on the basis of better connections." Ouyang Qi, secretary of the Party branch and principal of Tianfu Road Primary School in Tianhe District, said that the school helps children broaden their horizons and participate in practice with reading and courses, and inserts the wings of flying with multi-platform practice as their dream. At the same time, starting from students’ growth confusion, the school develops and designs large class meetings in three periods, which are designed by the host team of the school moral education studio and provided to the class teacher.

He Chunxiu, the principal of the primary school affiliated to Fengxian Middle School in Shanghai, said that to understand children, we must first listen to their thoughts and feelings. To this end, the school implements a full tutor system, and teachers and students match in a two-way ratio of 1: 15, so that tutors can understand children more accurately and provide study and life support.

Teachers should respect children and learn six habits.

Li Wei, the head school of Shenzhen Cuibei Education Group, said that teachers should respect children and learn six habits, namely, listening well, talking well, doing small things well, passing on good books, smiling, trust and hope. "If I were asked to rank the basic skills of teachers, I would definitely give priority to listening to children."

"Children come to school not only to study, but also to live." Liu Hui, secretary of the Party Committee of Zhangjiagang Experimental Primary School, said that since 2018, the school has put forward a new education declaration, "be a bright person and live a normal and active educational life"; Over the years, the school has been committed to building four systems of values, language, aesthetics and intelligence to provide children with better educational content and build an ecological environment and childhood order with higher comfort, freedom and growth.

In the expert review session, Liu Lianghua, a professor at the Institute of Curriculum and Teaching of East China Normal University and the president of Guangzhou Haizhu Second Experimental Primary School Education Group, pointed out that the theme class meeting is a very important starting point for moral education. He was deeply impressed by the forum activities of the day, such as non-violent communication and awakening. He agreed with the views of "the integration of moral education and aesthetic education" and "to be a good teacher is to think about what students are thinking".

[Middle School Component Forum]】

Education is more than just teaching exam-taking skills.

More important is the ability of the church to cope with the future.

At the forum of middle school groups, principals and teachers from Guangzhou, Foshan and Shanghai shared the school’s moral education ideas and practices around "finding love", and experts from Guangdong Primary and Secondary School Moral Education Research and Guidance Center made detailed comments on the sharing.

"Going back to childhood, what is your favorite extracurricular activity?" At the beginning of the group forum of middle schools, Xin Wang, a Chinese teacher of Grade One in Guangzhou Middle School, brought a class lesson "Love to Light up Life". Xin Wang used the experience of Zhang Chenliang in Natural History Magazine to guide the students to think: When the love of life confronts the reality and you are in a dilemma, do you still want to stick to your love? How to choose? At the end of the class, the students wrote down their love on paper and ended the class with the expectation of making love take root.

The education that touches the heart is the real education.

"No’ heart’, no education. Education that touches the heart is the real education. " Cheng Huiyun, executive principal of the Middle Bay School affiliated to Tsinghua University, said that cardiac education makes children learn well. "Heart Education" is an educational action aimed at students’ academic development and physical and mental health. Schools in the Bay Area Attached to the Middle School of Tsinghua University improve the education environment from the aspects of campus environment, curriculum system, management system and teachers’ team, and promote teachers to understand students from their daily teaching actions by understanding the relationship between teachers and students. And create space for students and encourage them to develop their strengths according to their needs.

How does the growth tutorial system help children grow and become talents? Yang Xiaoting, a teacher of Tianhe Foreign Language School, said that since its establishment in 2012, Guangzhou Tianhe Foreign Language School has implemented the growth tutorial system, which helps children find their own love and realize personalized growth by holding double-election meetings between teachers and students, establishing student growth files and implementing the heart-to-heart report system.

How to empower special education through positive education? Autistic children also need special education teachers to understand them. Zeng Jiexin, a special education teacher at Qihui School in Tianhe District, shared her story of promoting students’ understanding of rules through structured teaching and peer learning, and guiding autistic children to cultivate exercise habits and establish peer relationships, helping these children to improve their concentration and execution, while awakening their inner positive strength.

Teach students the ability to cope with the future.

Li Qiang, secretary of the Party Committee and president of Guangzhou Middle School, said that education is not only about teaching exam-taking skills, but more importantly, teaching students the ability to cope with the future. Guangzhou Middle School always insists that every life is illuminated and every voice is listened to. By carrying out the "two sessions" of students, we will listen to students’ opinions on curriculum and teaching management, let students talk about the harvest, difficulties and challenges of each semester, understand their thoughts and give them corresponding guidance and help.

Guangzhou Middle School is also committed to let every child find his own stage and sky. The school helps students to know themselves, find their interests, define their goals and discover more possibilities of life through the implementation of curriculum frameworks such as expanding courses, career planning, academic planning and psychological counseling. "The career system developed by the school can guide students to explore their own hearts and understand their popular ideal careers and ideal universities. Guangzhou Middle School also held a Career Festival’ Career Lecture Hall’ to invite senior professionals from 15 industries including medicine, law, education, finance, culture and art to share their career experiences and professional experiences. "

"The script of high school life is not bitter. How can the same high school be more exciting for three years?" Ding Qikang, Party Secretary and President of Dali Senior High School in Nanhai District, Foshan City, introduced that the school has set up a variety of sports, literature and art, and national defense education activities, attached importance to the parallel development of many characteristics, encouraged all students to actively participate, and let students discover their talents and love in wonderful activities and give play to their personal talents.

Hu Fei, a junior high school Chinese teacher at Chiwan School, the Second Foreign Language School (Group) in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, shared that based on the psychological characteristics of junior high school students and the specific situation of class individuals, courses and activities were built from the two levels of collective education and individual education, combined with the cultural resources of mountains and seas around the school, to help students find their own love.

Love is the best teacher.

Xia Jingjing, deputy secretary of the General Party Branch and president of Hongwen School in Fengxian District, Shanghai, mentioned in the sharing that the school has developed school-based courses, and encouraged students to explore themselves and develop their individuality through project-based learning, comprehensive subject practice activities and student career counseling courses, so that every student can fly like Kun Peng and still dare to pursue dreams under pressure and difficulties.

"Love is the key word of today’s middle school component forum, and love is also the best teacher." At the end of the forum, Zhou Feng, executive director of Guangdong Moral Education Research and Guidance Center for Primary and Secondary Schools, commented on the sharing of moral education practice among schools. He said that a class meeting class and seven special topics sharing in the middle school group closely revolved around the key words, which brought high-quality sharing.

"Reading children is an important starting point to change the phenomenon of attaching importance to wisdom and neglecting morality in education." Zhou Feng emphasized in his comments that the high-quality development of education is not equal to the pursuit of high scores, but is reflected in the overall improvement of students’ literacy. "This requires students to have a strong thirst for knowledge, willpower, a wide range of hobbies, and stimulate students’ learning motivation, cultivate good study habits, and correct their learning mentality. Moral education is the only way to achieve these goals and improve learning efficiency, and it will also serve students’ lifelong happiness. "

Planning: Li Yang

Coordinator: Yin Lai Liang Yanyan Ye Keke You Manni

Written by Southern Reporter Yang Xiaotong Sun Xiaopeng Cheng An Liang Yanyan Ye Siming

Photography: Ma Qiang Technology: Mai Yuxuan

Intern: Ma Yunling Li Hongzhe Design: Zhang Xujun He Xin